Das Projekt "EPHECT: Emissions, Exposure Patterns and Health Effects of Consumer Products in the EU" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Technische Universität München, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Institut für Wasser und Umwelt, Lehrstuhl für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft.
Das Projekt "Forest management in the Earth system" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie.The majority of the worlds forests has undergone some form of management, such as clear-cut or thinning. This management has direct relevance for global climate: Studies estimate that forest management emissions add a third to those from deforestation, while enhanced productivity in managed forests increases the capacity of the terrestrial biosphere to act as a sink for carbon dioxide emissions. However, uncertainties in the assessment of these fluxes are large. Moreover, forests influence climate also by altering the energy and water balance of the land surface. In many regions of historical deforestation, such biogeophysical effects have substantially counteracted warming due to carbon dioxide emissions. However, the effect of management on biogeophysical effects is largely unknown beyond local case studies. While the effects of climate on forest productivity is well established in forestry models, the effects of forest management on climate is less understood. Closing this feedback cycle is crucial to understand the driving forces behind past climate changes to be able to predict future climate responses and thus the required effort to adapt to it or avert it. To investigate the role of forest management in the climate system I propose to integrate a forest management module into a comprehensive Earth system model. The resulting model will be able to simultaneously address both directions of the interactions between climate and the managed land surface. My proposed work includes model development and implementation for key forest management processes, determining the growth and stock of living biomass, soil carbon cycle, and biophysical land surface properties. With this unique tool I will be able to improve estimates of terrestrial carbon source and sink terms and to assess the susceptibility of past and future climate to combined carbon cycle and biophysical effects of forest management. Furthermore, representing feedbacks between forest management and climate in a global climate model could advance efforts to combat climate change. Changes in forest management are inevitable to adapt to future climate change. In this process, is it possible to identify win-win strategies for which local management changes do not only help adaptation, but at the same time mitigate global warming by presenting favorable effects on climate? The proposed work opens a range of long-term research paths, with the aim of strengthening the climate perspective in the economic considerations of forest management and helping to improve local decisionmaking with respect to adaptation and mitigation.
Das Projekt "The Chew Bahir Drilling Project: A Half-Million Year Climate Record from the Southern Ethiopian Rift, Crucible of Human Evolution" wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Köln, Seminar für Geographie und ihre Didaktik.
Das Projekt "Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) 1211: Evolution der Erde und des Lebens unter extremer Trockenheit, Teilprojekt A02: Paleoklima Proxydaten: Die miozäne bis rezente Niederschlagsgeschichte der Atacama Wüste" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität zu Köln, Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie.Das Hauptziel diese Projektes ist es, lange (Quatär bis Miozän), zusammenhängende Klima-Archive im hyperariden Kern der Atacama zu erschließen und hinsichtlich des Klimas der Vergangenheit auszuwerten. Zu diesem Zweck sollen, entlang des gegenwärtigen Nord-Süd Klimagradienten, Trockenseesedimente in der Küstenkordilliere durch Kernbohrungen erschlossen werden. Es wird erwartet, dass grundlegende Erkenntnisse über die Dauer der vorwiegenden extremen Trockenheit in der Atacama Wüste gewonnen werden, sowie über Alter und Häufigkeit zwischengeschalteter Feuchtphasen. Diese Ergebnisse würden im Bezug zu bereits vorhandenen regionalen und globalen Klima-Archiven interpretiert werden.
Das Projekt "Main.Kinzig.Blüht.Netz, Teilprojekt: Projektkoordination, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Lehrgang Blühbotschafter" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit , Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BMU,BfN). Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Main-Kinzig-Kreis, Amt für Umwelt, Naturschutz und ländlicher Raum.
Das Projekt "Biologie terrestrischer Isopoden: Funktionsmorphologie, Systematik, Übergang Meer - Land, Evolution" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Universität Heidelberg. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Heidelberg, Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg (COS).Untersucht werden verschiedene Funktionskreise der Landasseln: Atmung, Fortpflanzung, Sinneswahrnehmung, Wasserhaushalt. Ziel der Untersuchung ist, den Weg der ursprünglich marinen Isopoden an das Land zu verfolgen, darzustellen, welche Adaptationen erfolgen mussten, um zu einem erfolgreichen Landleben zu kommen. Verglichen mit den Tracheata oder den Vertebrata wurden hier Sonderwege beschritten, deren Erhellung erlauben sollte, Prinzipien der Evolution zu erkennen.
Das Projekt "Assessing the EC ILUC proposal - Dutch National Impact Assessment" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Regierung Niederlande. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: ECOFYS Energieberatung und Handelsgesellschaft mbH.The European Union was the first region to introduce mandatory sustainability requirements for biofuels worldwide. Currently the EU discusses to amend the EU biofuels policy to include measures against Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) associated with biofuel production. The European Commission has proposed to introduce a maximum for conventional biofuels and incentives for advanced biofuels. Also, it is proposed that fuel suppliers are obliged to report on the indirect GHG emissions caused by biofuels supplied to the EU market. Ecofys wrote a report for the Dutch government assessing the proposed policy measures and their impact on the Dutch and European biofuel sector. The report also provides an overview of the Dutch biofuels market as well as an assessment of the Commissions Impact Assessment which was published together with the ILUC proposal.
Das Projekt "Probability Assessment of Spill Flow Emissions" wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Technische Universität Graz, Institut für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft und Landschaftswasserbau.Real time control will get more important to reduce CSO emissions. Most of the already existing real time control strategies minimize spill flows from the viewpoint of volume minimization. For receiving water the reduction of emissions is much more important. Measured waste water data and probabilistic approach of these data are the focal points in this research. With an UV-VIS spectrometer installed in a swimming pontoon absorption is measured directly and constant. Based on absorption measurements waste water time series curves of COD, TSS and nitrate are shown. A forecast of CSO emissions and the adjustment of ANN for the control system will be the next step included for this project. By statistical evaluation of rain and measured waste water data as well as forecast of CSO emissions with ANN, spill loads can be reduced. The results of this research are basis for future real time control of CSOs in Graz (Austria).
Das Projekt "Modeling Geomagnetic Excursions" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum.Periods of extreme geomagnetic change such as geomagnetic excursions have frequently occurred throughout geological time. Characterizing their behaviour is essential for a full understanding of the geodynamo and the interaction of Earths magnetic field and the space environment. We propose to model the global behaviour of Earths magnetic field between 10 and 50 ka using palaeomagnetic data. During this time the geomagnetic field showed significant variability in direction and intensity, including two well documented excursions: Laschamp and Mono Lake. No model currently exists that spans the total length of this time period, yet this period could provide great insights into the geodynamo. The ultimate goal of the project is to synthesize the results from our empirical modelling with those from numerical dynamo simulations, so that a deeper physical understanding of geodynamo processes can be gained. We will compile all sedimentary and volcanic palaeomagnetic data coupled with geochronological data spanning this period. This data will be added to a community available database along with all rock magnetic and sedimentological metadata. This will allow a detailed assessment of the data used in the modelling. Low quality palaeomagnetic data and erroneous age models may distort geomagnetic field structures generated by our new model and it is a key objective of this study to assess the fidelity of the palaeomagnetic and chronological data included in the modeling. Using this data we will construct a temporally continuous global spherical harmonic geomagnetic field model through a regularized least squares inversion of the data using spherical harmonics in space and cubic B splines in time. This model will enable assessment of the geomagnetic at the core-mantle boundary, the Earths surface and at elevated altitudes. Our key scientific objective is to determine where excursions fit into the spectrum of geomagnetic field variations and how the geodynamo processes that generate excursions differ from those that produce secular variation and reversals.
Das Projekt "Methodologies for dealing with uncertainties in landscape planning and related modeling; Uncertainty of predicted hydro-biogeochemical fluxes and trace gas emissions on the landscape scale under climate and land use change" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Gießen, Institut für Landschaftsökologie und Ressourcenmanagement, Professur für Landschafts-, Wasser- und Stoffhaushalt.Water, carbon and nitrogen are key elements in all ecosystem turnover processes and they are related to a variety of environmental problems, including eutrophication, greenhouse gas emissions or carbon sequestration. An in-depth knowledge of the interaction of water, carbon and nitrogen on the landscape scale is required to improve land use and management while at the same time mitigating environmental impact. This is even more important under the light of future climate and land use changes.In the frame of the proposal 'Uncertainty of predicted hydro-biogeochemical fluxes and trace gas emissions on the landscape scale under climate and land use change' we advocate the development of fully coupled, process-oriented models that explicitly simulate the dynamic interaction of water, carbon and nitrogen turnover processes on the landscape scale. We will use the Catchment Modelling Framework CMF, a modular toolbox to implement and test hypothesis of hydrologic behaviour and couple this to the biogeochemical LandscapeDNDC model, a process-based dynamic model for the simulation of greenhouse gas emissions from soils and their associated turnover processes.Due to the intrinsic complexity of the models in use, the predictive uncertainty of the coupled models is unknown. This predictive (global) uncertainty is composed of stochastic and structural components. Stochastic uncertainty results from errors in parameter estimation, poorly known initial states of the model, mismatching boundary conditions or inaccuracies in model input and validation data. Structural uncertainty is related to the flawed or simplified description of natural processes in a model.The objective of this proposal is therefore to quantify the global uncertainty of the coupled hydro-biogeochemical models and investigate the uncertainty chain from parameter uncertainty over forcing data uncertainty up the structural model uncertainty be setting up different combinations of CMF and LandscapeDNDC. A comprehensive work program has been developed structured in 4 work packages, that consist of (1) model set up, calibration and uncertainty assessment on site scale followed by (2) an application and uncertainty assessment of the coupled model structures on regional scale, (3) global change scenario analyses and finally (4) evaluating model results in an ensemble fashion.Last but not least, a further motivation of this proposal is to provide project results in a manner that they support planning and decision taking under uncertainty, as this proposal is part of the package proposal on 'Methodologies for dealing with uncertainties in landscape planning and related modelling'.
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