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Das Projekt "WiSSCy: Impact of Wind, Rain, and Surface Slicks on Air-Sea CO2 Transfer Velocity - Tank Experiments" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Zentrum für Meeres- und Klimaforschung, Institut für Meereskunde (IfM) durchgeführt. The goal is to improve the understanding of the parameterization of air-sea gas exchange with emphasis on CO2. This is being done using the linear wind-wave tank facility of the University of Hamburg. Using this facility, gas exchange coefficients are inferred by measuring gas transfer under a wide variety of parameters such as wind, mechanically generated waves, rain, and surface films. Our emphasis is on the physical processes involved in the air-sea gas exchange and its quantitative measurement. Experiments are conducted with freshwater and with salt water to test the influence of salinity on the gas exchange parameters. All experiments are being performed for evasion and invasion to investigate if rain-induced gas transfer is symmetrical or asymmetrical. While these experiments do not address in great detail the small-scale processes that are involved in the transfer, they allow to determine parameterizations of the gas exchange as a function of parameters of the atmospheric boundary layers as they are needed in climate models and for the analysis of satellite data.
Das Projekt "Pilotfilm fuer eine Umwelt-Fernsehserie in 24 Folgen" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von NOURFILM durchgeführt.
Das Projekt "Improved Building Integration of PV by using Thin Film Modules in CIS Technology (BIPV-CIS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg durchgeführt. Objective: The results of the project will improve and widen the potential for the integration of solar (PV) energy systems into existing buildings. Special attention will be paid architectural and aesthetic questions. Building integration of PV systems in most cases leads to a 'high tech' and 'modern' appearance of the building. This is caused by the typical window-like surface of most conventional PV modules. Regarding however that90Prozent of the building stock consists of longer existing, that means 'old fashioned' buildings, it is evident that anaesthetically satisfying building integration of PV needs a lot of good will and creativity from planners and architects. In many existing building integrated PV systems the modules contrast with the building and its surroundings. A European survey on the potential and needs for building integrated PV components and systems will identify the basis for the development of modules away from the glass / window-like appearance. In the project PV roof tiles, overhead glazing and facade elements based on CIS thin film technology will be developed and investigated which have a modified optical appearance for better adaptation to the building skin. One of the ideas is optical decoupling of substrate and cover glass. A complete roof tile system with thin film cells adapted to the visual appearance of conventional roof tiles and innovative connection and mounting will be developed. The work includes prototype fabrication and tests according to relevant standards and subsequent performance tests. Novel overhead glazing includes semitransparent thin film modules optimised for daylight transmission. The backside appearance will be modified in order to represent the visible inner part of the building skin. For overhead and insolating glazing an invisible interconnection and for PV roof tiles a low cost connector will be developed. Project results will be systems ready for industrial production.
Das Projekt "Erstellung und Verbreitung eines Videofilmes zum Thema 'Solarthermie'" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Öko-Institut. Institut für angewandte Ökologie e.V. durchgeführt. Zielsetzung und Anlass des Vorhabens: Das Interesse an der Nutzung der Solarenergie ist in den letzen Jahren enorm gestiegen. Einer konkreten Investitionsentscheidung steht jedoch oftmals eine schlecht oder gar falsch informierte Öffentlichkeit gegenüber. Viele Installateure raten mit falschen Argumenten wie 'noch nicht ausgereift' oder 'noch zu teuer' vom Kauf einer Solaranlage ab. Durch eine sachlich-objektive, aber dennoch engagierte Medieninitiative soll das brachliegende Solarenergiepotential aktiviert werden. Die häufigsten Fragen im Zusammenhang mit dem Erwerb einer Solarkollektoranlage sollen in einem Film beantwortet und überholte Kontraargumente widerlegt werden. In einem Begleitheft werden weiterführende Informationen gegeben. Fazit: Der Film vermittelt in unkomplizierter Weise Fakten zur Solarenergie. Die Verbreitung des Films kann durch die Fernsehausstrahlung, den Verkauf und die Nutzung in der Kampagne 'Solar - Na klar.' als sehr gut bezeichnet werden. Die angestrebten Zielgruppen wurden erreicht.
Das Projekt "Niedrigwasseraufhoehung der Fils aus Speichern des Wasserverbandes Fils" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Landesanstalt für Umweltschutz Baden-Württemberg durchgeführt. Prognose der Auswirkung der Niedrigwasseraufhoehung aus Speichern auf die Gewasserguete der Fils mit der mathematischen Modellrechnung - biozoenotisches Modell.
Das Projekt "Large-Area CIS Based Thin-Film Solar Modules for Highly Productive Manufacturing (LARCIS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg durchgeführt. Objective: In order for the commercial production of large CIGS modules on the multi-MW scale to be successful, the processes must still be streamlined and optimised taking considering both economical and ecological aspects. This project aims to support the developme nt of this material- and energy-saving thin-film technology so it can gain a foothold in the free PV market. Promising laboratory results will be transferred to large-scale production, where the availability of appropriate production equipment and very hig h material and process yields are of decisive importance. 4 universities, 2 research institutes, and 4 companies will work closely together in order to merge the physical understanding of the processes and the engineering know-how, which are necessary for up-scaling the CIGS technology to a marketable multi-megawatt production volume. We will focus on: (1) very high-quality modules manufactured by coevaporation of CIGS and applying cost-effective methods, ETA up to 14 Prozent on 0.7 m2; (2) the development of Cd-free buffer layers for Cd-free CIGS modules on an area of up to 0.7 m2, ETA up to 12 Prozent; (3) and the development of a mid-term alternative: electrodeposition of low-cost CIS modules with ETA above 10 Prozent (estimated cost about 0.8 E/Wp). We will transfer the Mo back contact sputtering know-how to a specialised European large-area glass coater to provide substrates for both the coevaporation and the electrodeposition approaches. All process developments such as modifications of the back contact, wet- or vacuum-deposited buffer layers, the multi-stage coevaporation of CIGS, or improved Ga incorporation in electrodeposited absorbers will first be tested and evaluated on the laboratory scale. Successful approaches will be up-scaled and transferred to three independ ent commercial CIGS pilot lines located in three different European countries. Novel process and quality control techniques must also be developed and applied to reach these ambitious goals.
Das Projekt "Profilierende Methanmessung in der Ostsee: Cryptophan als chemischer in situ sensor" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung Warnemünde (IOW), Sektion Meereschemie durchgeführt. To overcome the limitation in spatial and temporal resolution of methane oceanic measurements, sensors are needed that can autonomously detect CH4-concentrations over longer periods of time. The proposed project is aimed at:- Designing molecular receptors for methane recognition (cryptophane-A and -111) and synthesizing new compounds allowing their introduction in polymeric structure (Task 1; LC, France); - Adapting, calibrating and validating the 2 available optical technologies, one of which serves as the reference sensor, for the in-situ detection and measurements of CH4 in the marine environments (Task 2 and 3; GET, LAAS-OSE, IOW) Boulart et al. (2008) showed that a polymeric filmchanges its bulk refractive index when methane docks on to cryptophane-A supra-molecules that are mixed in to the polymeric film. It is the occurrence of methane in solution, which changes either the refractive index measured with high resolution Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR; Chinowsky et al., 2003; Boulart et al, 2012b) or the transmitted power measured with differential fiber-optic refractometer (Boulart et al., 2012a; Aouba et al., 2012).- Using the developed sensors for the study of the CH4 cycle in relevant oceanic environment (the GODESS station in the Baltic Sea, Task 4 and 5; IOW, GET); GODESS registers a number of parameters with high temporal and vertical resolution by conducting up to 200 vertical profiles over 3 months deployment with a profiling platform hosting the sensor suite. - Quantifying methane fluxes to the atmosphere (Task 6); clearly, the current project, which aims at developing in-situ aqueous gas sensors, provides the technological tool to achieve the implementation of ocean observatories for CH4. The aim is to bring the fiber-optic methane sensor on the TRL (Technology Readiness Level) from their current Level 3 (Analytical and laboratory studies to validate analytical predictions) - to the Levels 5 and 6 (Component and/or basic sub-system technology validation in relevant sensing environments) and compare it to the SPR methane sensor, taken as the reference sensor (current TRL 5). This would lead to potential patent applications before further tests and commercialization. This will be achieved by the ensemble competences and contributions from the proposed consortium in this project.
Das Projekt "Durchfuehrung eines Wettbewerbs 'Neue Formen der Umweltkommunikation im Kinderfernsehen' - Teil 1: 1999" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von DBU Zentrum für Umweltkommunikation gGmbH durchgeführt.