Das Projekt "Solar cell performance optimisation relating process tracking by imaging techniques with modelling (PORTRAIT)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme durchgeführt. Objectives and problems to be solved: The aim of the PORTRAIT project is to close a gap in the control and optimisation chain for future PV mass production: Control tools on the production equipment level supervising proper equipment functioning are already in use. Also global control tools at the factory level are available. The project provides the missing link for an effective performance control and optimisation, a tool at the solar cell level, relating raw data measured on cell precursors and finished cells to the final cell performance. Since strong lateral in homogeneities of material as well as of the process related parameters are frequently encountered, 2D data are expected to be essential for a valid prediction of performance variations. Modelling assisted process monitoring on the basis of 2D data will allow to pinpoint performance limits and variations to a specific reason. Description of the work: Four efforts are combined for achieving the project goals. 2D data of cell precursors and cells are retrieved in a comprehensible way in production environment. For this purpose a set of imaging instrumentation needs to be improved to a state where operator independent, fast and reliable results are obtained. The factors, which influence the measurement, need to be identified and controlled. For the first time 2D measurement data will be consequently included. 2. A software tool is developed capable of handling these data and relating them to the actual performance of the solar cells produced in a specific manufacturing line. 3. The proof of correlation of specific parameter variations to cell performance changes is then followed in the next turn by a minimisation of measurement and calculation time by data reduction methods without sacrificing significance's. The software code is supervised and finalised by an experienced software developer following best practice in order to guarantee easy data interfacing, reliability, maintainability and platform independence. Instrument and software development will be interacting with two different production types in order to finally deliver a widely applicable tool. The goal is, to prove the PORTRAIT method in production at the industrial partners by demonstrating the optimisation capability, while in parallel, the software is developed to a state, that makes it exploitable for solar cell production lines outside the consortium. Expected results and exploitation plans: Key deliverables of the project are: 1. the availability of characterisation techniques necessary to provide laterally resolved parameters in a short time, 2. a network model capable of handling 2D parameters, 3. the proof of the direct relevance for solar cell performance in production, 4. the final PORTRAIT software tool.
Das Projekt "Multifunktionale Landschaften: Entwicklung eines analytischen Rahmens für die Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung von Land- und Forstwirtschaft in Europa (MultiLand)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF) e.V., Institut für Landnutzungssysteme und Landschaftsökologie durchgeführt. Ziel der EU Studie ist die Entwicklung eines konzeptionellen Rahmens zur Ausgestaltung der Multifunktionalitätsidee und ihrer Umsetzung für Nachhaltigkeitsziele in der Landschaftsnutzung.
Das Projekt "Innovative in-situ snow parameter sensing system allowing accurate remotely sensed data calibration for improved forecasting of hydro power resources (SNOWPOWER)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Department Troposphärenforschung durchgeführt. Die Satellitenfernerkundung mittels Radar ist eine interessante und viel versprechende Methode für die großflächige Bestimmung des Flüssigwassergehalts der Schneedecke, dem sog. ‚Schneewasser-äquivalent'. Diese Messgröße stellt einen Schlüsselparameter für die Verbesserung der Zuflussprognose alpiner und nordischer Wasserkraftwerke sowie der Lawinenvorhersage dar. Radarwellen haben jedoch die Eigenschaft auch in die Schneedecke einzudringen. Die für die Auswertung wichtige Rückstreuintensität der Wellen wird aber maßgeblich von der Schneefeuchte und -dichte beeinflusst. Deshalb sind begleitende Feldmessungen zur Erfassung dieser Parameter in der Schneedecke für die Kalibrierung und Auswertung der Satellitenbilder nötig. Am Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe wurde hierfür ein neuer Kabelsensor auf Basis der Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) entwickelt und patentiert, der nun in einem gemeinsamen und von der EU geförderten Forschungsprojekt (Snowpower, NNE5/2000/251) mit Partnern aus Österreich, Schweden, der Schweiz und Kanada (Quebec) weiterentwickelt und zur Anwendungsreife gebracht werden soll.
Das Projekt "COMPRENDO - Vergleichende Forschung zu Endokrinen Disruptoren: Ein phylogenetischer Ansatz mit Schwerpunkt auf die allgemeinen Wirkprinzipien androgener/antiandrogener Substanzen" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität, Abteilung Aquatische Ökotoxikologie durchgeführt. The overall goal of COMPRENDO is to improve our understanding of the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on aquatic wildlife and humans, focussing on androgenic and antiandrogenic compounds (AACs). This will help to improve environmental quality standards and also the public health in the European Community. To this end our key objectives are: Characterise the human and environmental exposure to AACs; Determine the impacts of environmentally relevant doses/concentrations of AACs on a wide range of human-relevant models and aquatic species; Develop new biological effect measures and species-specific critical endpoints, including a molecular screen for genomic effects of AACs; Identify common principles of AAC action in different species to develop new animal models for extrapolation to human health; Develop lab cultures for suitable aquatic invertebrates and establish their baseline endocrinology; Characterise the risk originating from AACs in humans and wildlife. The COMPRENDO consortium consists of 13 partners and five subcontractors of 10 European nations (Germany: University of Frankfurt; University Hospital Bonn, Institute for Clinical Biochemistry; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, U.K.: University of Exeter, University of Brunel; Sweden: University of Lund; Denmark: Technical University of Denmark; France: Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres; Spain: Consejo Superior de Investigationes Cientificas; Italy: University of Milan, University of Insubria; Greece: University of Ioannina; Poland: University of Gdansk.
Das Projekt "Waldkohlenstoff- Stickstoffbahnen (FORCAST)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie durchgeführt. Das EU-Projekt hat insgesamt zum Ziel, die in Europäischen Waldökosystemen gespeicherten Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoffpools zu quantifizieren und eine Senkenfunktion für Kohlenstoff in Chronosequenzen abzuschätzen. Das an der Universität Bayreuth bearbeitete Teilprojekt beschäftigt sich in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere mit der Senkenfunktion der Waldbodenvegetation.
Das Projekt "A review of the role of transhumance in mountain ecosystem processes and dynamics (TRANSHUMOUNT)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Alterra B.V. durchgeführt. Transhumance plays a key role in maintaining biodiversity in mountain ecosystems throughout Europe. However social and economic changes are the driving forces for the decline in transhumance, which in turn has important implications for the sustainability of mountain ecosystems and threatens biodiversity. There is scattered knowledge at regional level, but no general overview. The first step in assessing the changing role of transhumance is to review its state in Europe. The proposal aims to bring the expert knowledge together, to identify links between transhumance and management of Priority Habitats, to identify gaps in the knowledge, and to present recommendations for policy stakeholders. This Accompanying Measure is built around a Review Conference and a Policy Workshop. The results will be published for the scientific world, and the policy and management stakeholders.
Das Projekt "PAN European thematic network on Cultural Landscapes and their Ecosystems" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Bergen durchgeführt. Europa besteht aus einer Vielzahl an Ökosystemen, die unter anthropogenem Einfluss stehen welche gemeinsam die Kulturlandschaften Europas bilden. Die Kulturlandschaften und ihre Ökosysteme leisten einen hohen Beitrag zur Biodiversität Europas, und zeigen Einblicke das Verhältnis der Menschen zu ihrer natürlichen sowie überformten Umwelt heute wie auch in der Vergangenheit. Darüber hinaus tragen sie in hohem Maße zur Lebensqualität bei und sind eine Basis der europäischen Identität. Innerhalb der letzten Jahrzehnte kam es zu einer rapiden Abnahme der Biodiversität sowie der Verschiedenartigkeit vieler Landschaftsstrukturen. Europäische Kulturlandschaften und ihre Ökosysteme werden unter den Einfluss demographischer und sozioökonomischer Veränderungen, gemeinsamer Agrarpolitik, transeuropäischer Verkehrsnetze, Forstwirtschaft, Landwirtschaft, neuer industrieller Produktionstechniken, Raumplanung, Freizeitverhalten und Tourismus sowie differierender Landschaftspolitik auf nationaler Ebene verändert und aufgelöst. Die Forderung nach einer hohen Biodiversität, globale Veränderungen, sowie die Notwendigkeit der Bewahrung des natürlichen Erbes macht es notwendig, vorhandenes Wissen zusammenzutragen und ein kollektives Verständnis für den Umgang mit der Landschaft zu entwickeln.
Das Projekt "Fauna Europaea" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universiteit Amsterdam, Zoological Museum Amsterdam durchgeführt. Objective: Problems to be solved: The assessment of biodiversity, monitoring changes, sustainable exploitation of biodiversity, and much legislative work depends upon validated knowledge of its components: the taxonomic diversity. The same applies for areas such as human health, agriculture, or freshwater quality. However, the required data are not directly available or in the requested format. Information and expertise on the European animal species is scattered around numerous public and private organisations, they are in different formats and standards, and are of unequal quality. The Community Biodiversity Strategy of the European Commission recognises the current incomplete state of knowledge at all levels concerning biodiversity. It asks for establishing networks between European centres of excellence in biodiversity research. Fauna Europaea contributes to the European Community Biodiversity Strategy by supporting one of the main themes in the Strategy: the request to identify and catalogue the components of biodiversity, of which a database on the European terrestrial animal taxonomic diversity is a basic tool for science and policies. Scientific objectives and approach. The Fauna European project will build a public WWW service on the scientific names (with selected additional data) of the present living multicellular European terrestrial and fresh water animal species. As the project is complicated because of the large number of data of different quality and the widely distributed data sources in Europe, the development of the project depends on the contributions of numerous experts. Central in the workplan is the division of the work in three mutually linked main tasks: (1) data collation, (2) data validation, and (3) data management, including supporting information technology. The data originate from different sources, which implies the establishment of routines for easy and manageable ways to update the data, and the development of a dynamic system that allows for changes through time. Priority setting, product presentation and dissemination plans will be discussed with the end-user forum. Expected impacts: Policies with respect to biodiversity and fauna-related products will be supported by standardized information and thus facilitate communication about the names of animals, thereby ensuring that a name (and its information attributes) is effectively referring to the same species Europe wide. The use of this thesaurus function is increasingly important for numerous reasons, the political, administrative and economic integration being a foremost factor. Users may also select various subsets of information or combine these with other data for many purposes, as for example for the management of animal species or for the use of correct reference data in biotechnology. Prime Contractor: Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoological Museum Amsterdam; Amsterdam.
Das Projekt "Development of a new mobile waste water treatment process for SME olive mills (MOWOM)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Stab Ambiente, Concepcao, Construcao e Exploracao de Sistemas Ambientais durchgeführt.
Das Projekt "Untersuchung des Einfusses gestiegener Treibhausgaskonzentrationen auf das Klima (Ozonschicht, Temperaturtrends, etc.)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Secretary of State for Defence, Ministry of Defence durchgeführt. Objective/Problems to be solved: EuroSPICE is centred on investigating the impact of the Montreal and Kyoto protocols on the atmosphere. Research on chemistry-climate coupling has suggested that control of both future greenhouse gas emissions and halogen concentrations is necessary to avoid future severe ozone loss. However, the likely level of future ozone depletion is uncertain due to the fact that previous studies have not represented all the known processes. In this project detailed simulations are carried out to help understand past stratospheric trends and to predict future temperature, ozone and surface ultraviolet amounts. Scientific objectives and approach: The trends in ozone, surface ultraviolet and temperature determined from observations are updated for the period 1980-2000. Trends in these quantities are then simulated using a range of numerical models of the atmosphere, varying from simpler models to very detailed models. These simulations are then extended to the year 2020 with a particular emphasis on the prospect for severe ozone depletion in northern high latitudes and its possible impact on Europe. The results are analysed to determine the likely causes of past stratospheric trends. The results are investigated to understand more clearly the impact of stratospheric change on tropospheric climate and photochemistry. Expected impacts: With improved simulations of past stratospheric changes we have more confidence in the ability of numerical models to predict future changes. These predictions of the future ozone levels have an important impact on the future health and well-being of the European citizen because of the connection with surface ultraviolet amounts. Also, the results give improved understanding the atmospheric climate system and in particular whether a detailed stratosphere is necessary for accurate climate simulation. Prime Contractor: Secretary of State for Defence, Ministry of Defence, Meterologica Office; Bracknell.
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