Das Projekt "SOLNET - Advanced Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Hochschule für Technik Stuttgart, Zentrum für angewandte Forschung an Fachhochschulen, Nachhaltige Energietechnik - zafh.net durchgeführt. SOLNET ist eines der ersten europäischen PhD-Ausbildungsprogramme in dem die gesamteuropäische Kompetenz auf dem Gebiet der solarthermischen Energienutzung aus 7 Mitgliedsstaaten gebündelt wird. Im Rahmen von SOLNET werden 10 PhD-Projekte auf dem Gebiet der Solarenergienutzung entwickelt, die von den PhD-Studenten wissenschaftlich bearbeitet werden. Ergänzt wir das Programm durch ein umfangreiches Kurs- und Weiterbildungsangebot der beteiligten Hochschulen.
Das Projekt "Constraining carbon gross fluxes with oxygen isotopes (COCO)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie durchgeführt. Oxygen isotopes in atmospheric carbon dioxide can be used to obtain a better understanding of biospheric carbon fluxes, which must be understood in order to predict vegetation and climate change in response to anthropogenic greenhouse forcing. The main objective of this proposal is therefore to improve understanding of carbon flow in the biosphere by enhancing a comprehensive global 3D model of the movement of stable oxygen isotopes in plants, soil and the atmosphere. This objective will be achieved by measuring unknown fractionation factors, and by improving descriptions of plant and soil processes, including processes that had previously been omitted, and incorporating complementary tracers in the existing model. The resulting model will be the most comprehensive description of oxygen isotopes in atmospheric carbon dioxide up-to-date, where complementary tracers constrict individual aspects of the isotope cycle. The model will strictly constrain gross biospheric carbon fluxes, allowing direct comparison between measured and modelled oxygen isotope ratios in atmospheric carbon dioxide. This isotope model will then be incorporated in an Earth Systems Model (ESM) currently being developed. This will allow further detailed studies of biosphere/hydrosphere, biosphe re/atmosphere and biosphere/climate interactions, as well as studies of human influences on the Earth climate system. The ability to track oxygen isotopes in the biosphere components of the ESM will substantially reduce the uncertainty in inferred carbon sources and sinks on scales ranging from regions to continents, thus greatly improving the ESM's predictions of climate change and climate variability.
Das Projekt "Avoiding dangerous climate change: Development and application of an anatomy of climate-related vulnerabilities to address the ultimate objective of the Framework convention on climate change" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung e.V. durchgeführt. The research proposed here aims at developing a conceptual model of the UNFCCC approach to preventing 'dangerous climate change' and an 'anatomy' of climate-related vulnerabilities. This anatomy will provide a framework for structuring the knowledge about potentially 'dangerous' aspects of anthropogenic climate change in a way that is explicitly targeted at the underlying decision problem. Application of this framework to selected 'key vulnerabilities' will improve the effectiveness of participative approaches addressing the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC, and it will facilitate the consideration of different types of vulnerabilities in integrated assessment models of climate change (IAMs). The research involves methods from systems analysis, text analysis, vulnerability research, and risk assessment. The fellow will spend the outgoing phase of his fellowship at the Centre for Environmental Science and Policy at Stanford University (USA). There he will develop the conceptual model and the anatomy of vulnerability, which will be tested on student groups. This conceptual framework will then be applied to key climate-related vulnerabilities, which is expected to involve additional stochastic model analyses with existing IAMs. During his return phase at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (Germany), the results will be applied in ongoing European research projects that employ participatory and model-based integrated assessments of climate change. The fellowship will help to transfer and utilize knowledge from a top research centre on that topic into the European Research Area and to establish new scientific partnerships, thereby strengthening the excellence of European research. It will significantly improve the ability of the fellow to establish an independent research career in Europe. The proposed research on the science-policy interface in global climate change is also highly relevant for other explicitly stated political objectives of the Community.
Das Projekt "Cause-effect relationships of key pollutants on the European rivers biodiversity (KEYBIOEFFECTS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von University of Girona durchgeführt. The research training network is aiming to provide the elements required to train the new generations of researchers skills needed to solve problems surrounding biodiversity conservation and water pollution in European rivers and to transfer this knowledge to different stakeholder groups. The scientific objective of this project is to provide a better understanding of the causes of ecological quality loss and the cause-effect relationships of pollution and to derive from this knowledge practical tools for water quality assessment. The development of complementary tools is crucial to achieving this objective: the identification of key toxicants, the quantification of the influence of environmental conditions on toxicant bioavailability, the assessment of these effects at the organism, on populations, on communities and ecosystems, and testing in micro- and mesocosms will result in the description of cause-effect relationships and allow the modelling of toxicant effects on the biota.
Das Projekt "Understanding Wetland occupation in prehistoric Europe (UWOPE)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Basel, Institut für Prähistorische und Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie durchgeführt. Wetland environments were often preferred for the location of permanent settlements in prehistoric times. This could be for many reasons: use of local resources, ease of erecting timber houses, or defence. Such a pattern of lakeside settlement began early (4th millennium BC) in the circum-Alpine region of Europe, where it has been intensively investigated, especially because of its exceptional preservation of organic finds, and the opportunity to reconstruct its environmental setting and responses to environmental change. Although lake-dwellings remained characteristic of settlement in this area for over three millennia, intensive study has identified several short phases of abandonment, interrupting an otherwise continuous pattern. After the 7th century BC, however, such lake-dwellings ceased to be built in this area, though just at this time they began to appear in other parts of Europe. Here, they lasted only a few hundred years, and by the 3rd century BC, the majority of European settlements were built on 'dry land. A key to this question comes from Lithuania, where a well-preserved lake village has recently been discovered on Lake Luokesas. The importance of this settlement is not only that it was occupied exactly during this transitional period, but also because of its environmental and typological similarities to earlier central European lake settlements, and, most importantly, its trade links to central Europe. Hence it is possible to study the settlement from a central European perspective. Since Switzerland is the leading centre of archaeological wetland research, the aim of this project is to use the state-of-the-art techniques developed at Basel University, to find plausible explanations for the wet-to-dryland cultural change in later European prehistory. The project will answer crucial questions on wetland management and socio-economy in later European prehistory, endorsing, at the same time, multidisciplinary collaboration amongst European scholars
Das Projekt "Micrometeorological techniques for in situ measurements of greenhouse gases exchange (GREENFLUX)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von University of Life Sciences in Poznan, Agrometeorology Department durchgeführt. Zielsetzung: Entwicklung und Testung neuer Methoden zur Ermittlung des Spurengasaustausches von Mooren; Wissenstransfer zwischen den Partnern des Verbundvorhabens.
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