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The aim of IMPRINTS is to contribute to reduce loss of life and economic damage through the improvement of the preparedness and the operational risk management for Flash Flood and Debris Flow (FF/DF) generating events, as well as to contribute to sustainable development through reducing damages to the environment. To achieve this ultimate objective the project is oriented to produce methods and tools to be used by emergency agencies and utility companies responsible for the management of FF/DF risks and associated effects. Impacts of future changes, including climatic, land use and socioeconomic will be analyzed in order to provide guidelines for mitigation and adaptation measures. Specifically, the consortium will develop an integrated probabilistic forecasting FF/ DF system as well as a probabilistic early warning and a rule-based probabilistic forecasting system adapted to the operational use by practitioners. These systems will be tested on five selected flash flood prone areas, two located in mountainous catchments in the Alps, and three in Mediterranean catchments. The IMPRINTS practitioner partners, risk management authorities and utility company managers in duty of emergency management in these areas, will supervise these tests. The development of such systems will be carried out using and capitalizing the results of previous and ongoing research on FF/DF forecasting and warning systems, in which several of the partners have played a prominent role. One major result of the project will be a operational prototype including the tools and methodologies developed under the project. This prototype will be designed under the premise of its ultimate commercialization and use worldwide. The consortium, covering all the actors involved in the complex chain of FF & DF forecasting, has been carefully selected to ensure the achievement of this. Specific actions to exploit and protect the results and the intellectual property of the partners have been also defined.
StratoClim soll dazu dienen, zuverlässige Prognosen über den Klimawandel und die Entwicklung des stratosphärischen Ozons zu liefern. Dies soll durch ein besseres Verständnis und eine verbesserte Darstellung der Prozesse in der oberen Troposphäre und der Stratosphäre erreicht werden. Die Forschung stützt sich dabei auf integrierte und übergreifende Beobachtungen zu zweckgebundenen Feldstudien, systemübergreifende Prozessmodellierungen, sowie auf globale Modellierungen von chemischen Klimamodellen und Ökosystemen-Modellen. Bisher bilden die globalen Klimamodelle nicht die komplexen Interaktionen und Rückkopplungen zwischen natürlichen und anthropogenen Treibhausgasemissionen, Aerosolen und anderen Spurengasen, die atmosphärische Prozesse innerhalb der Oberen Troposphäre und der Stratosphäre (OTS) beeinflussen, ab. Auch die chemischen und mikrophysikalischen Prozesse, die wiederum Auswirklungen auf die Chemie und die Strahlung der OTS haben, werden aktuell noch nicht in globalen Klimamodellen abgebildet. Die Ziele von StratoClim sind: a) Das Verständnis der biophysikalischen, chemischen und dynamischen Prozesse, die die Zusammensetzung der OTS beeinflussen, zu verbessern. Dazu gehören die Bildung, Auflösung und die Umverteilung von Aerosolen, Ozon und Wasserdampf. Das Verständnis darüber, wie diese Prozesse durch den Klimawandel verändert werden, zu fördern. b) Die Zusammenhänge dieser Prozesse zu implementieren und ihre Rückkopplungen innerhalb des Systems OTS zwischen Aerosolen, Ozon und Oberflächenklima und deren Einfluss auf chemische Klimamodelle und Ökosystem-Modellen zu untersuchen. StratoClim soll dabei helfen, neue Messwerte für Schlüsselregionen zu gewinnen: 1) In den Höhenlagen tropischer Regionen erforscht die Luft- und Raumfahrtforschung die innovative und flächendeckende Nutzlast; 2) in einer tropischen Station gibt es ein neuartiges System, Bodenanalysen und Messungen mit speziellen Sonden durchzuführen; 3) neue Satellitendaten sollen die Messungen unterstützen. Verbesserte Klimamodelle dienen dazu, zuverlässigere Prognosen über das Oberflächenklima und das stratosphärische Ozon aufzustellen und somit neue Aussagen über den Schutz von Ökosystemen und dessen Erfolgschancen treffen zu können. Die sozioökomischen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels werden bewertet und wichtige Informationen an die politischen Entscheidungsträger kommuniziert. Dafür wurde ein Büro eingerichtet, das den Kontakt zu den relevanten Stakeholdern sowie die internationalen Kooperationen pflegt. Das Wuppertal Institut wird die Untersuchung der sozioökonomischen Effekte hinsichtlich der Veränderungen des europäischen Klimas und des asiatischen Monsunklimas koordinieren und politische Handlungsempfehlungen formulieren.
Objective: This project aims to predict individual disease risk related to the environment, by characterizing the external and internal exposome for common exposures (air and drinking water contaminants) during critical periods of life, including in utero. A large amount of health data is now available from longitudinal cohorts in both children and adults, with detailed information on risk factors, confounders and outcomes, but these are not well linked with environmental exposure data. The exposome concept refers to the totality of environmental exposures from conception onwards, and is a novel approach to studying the role of the environment in human disease. This project will move the field forward by utilising data on individual external exposome (including sensors, smartphones, geo-referencing, satellites), and omic profiles in an agnostic search for new and integrated biomarkers. These tools will be applied in both experimental short-term studies and long-term longitudinal studies in humans. The ultimate goal is to use the new tools in risk assessment and in the estimation of the burden of environmental disease. The involvement of two SMEs, one specialized in sensors and smartphone development, the other in complex data integration, will increase the chances of a successful impact on European Public Health. This multidisciplinary proposal combines: development of a general framework for the systematic measurement of the internal and external exposome in Europe in relation to air and water contamination, as a way to reduce uncertainty in risk assessment and to address the effects of mixtures and complex exposures; evaluation of health outcomes and key physiological changes in short-term studies (including a randomized trial) and life-course studies with a large amount of information on diet, physical activity and anthropometry; evaluation of the burden of disease in the European population, based on state-of-the-art assessment of population exposures.
European cultural landscapes are valued as everyday living environment, countryside, heritage, scenery with aesthetic and recreational qualities and unique biodiversity, and as a source of ecosystem services that they provide to society. Cultural landscapes, however, are undergoing rapid and fundamental transformations across Europe, mainly as a result of an on-going polarization of land use, with abandonment and rural exodus on the one hand, and intensification and (peri-) urbanisation on the other. So far, substantial challenges have inhibited the design of effective responses to safeguard cultural landscape values. The proposed HERCULES project strives for the empowerment of public and private actors to protect, manage, and plan for sustainable landscapes of significant cultural, historical, and archaeological value at local, national, and pan-European scales. By applying and developing innovative technologies and tools for assessing and mapping cultural landscapes, the project will (a) synthesise existing knowledge on drivers, patterns, and outcomes of persistence and change in Europes cultural landscapes; (b) perform targeted case studies to develop in-depth insights on dynamics and values of cultural landscapes; (c) develop a typology of cultural landscapes and scale-up case study insights using observations and landscape modelling; (d) develop visions for re-coupling social and ecological components in cultural landscapes and translate them into policy and management options; and (e) design and implement a community-based Knowledge Hub for Good Landscape Practice and demonstrate it with land users, agencies, SMEs, and citizen associations. HERCULES comprises European universities, SMEs, NGOs, and a research institute that are leaders in landscape science and practice. The project follows the European Landscape Conventions call for transdisciplinary research and involves all actors with stakes in cultural landscapes of historical and archaeological value.
Objective: The annual direct cost of corrosion estimated worldwide exceeds 1.32 trillion, which means approximately between 3 to 4Prozent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of industrialized countries. Among the different types of corrosion Microbial Influenced Corrosion (MIC) caused by fouling is estimated to be involved in at least 10Prozent of the corrosion problems of structures reaching to 50Prozent in the case of subterranean pipes. Existing antifouling solutions include biocides and solutions not environmentally friendly. Latest research has begun to focus on greener replacements, but up to now, with low environmental performance and durability ratios. This fact has caused an urgent demand for greener, non-toxic or low-toxicity (green Anti-Fouling agents) and longer lasting antifouling compounds and technologies. The main objective of the project is the development of an innovative bio-mimetic and eco-efficient environmental technology for inhibiting microbial induced corrosion (MIC) produced by bio-fouling through the integration of microorganisms in a sol-gel coating for metal surfaces of civil engineering structures in marine and terrestrial environments. The potential economic impact of the technology developed in the project could mean approximately 612 billion in direct cost. The general objectives are expected to be achieved through the following WPs: - WP1: Microorganisms and inhibitors to be included in the sol-gel matrix- WP2: Synthesis of a sol-gel enriched matrix for corrosion inhibition- WP3: Environmental aspects of the bio-mimetic developed coating- WP4: Demonstration- WP5: Dissemination- WP6: Business models and Exploitation- WP7: Project Management
Water and water-related services are major components of the human wellbeing, and as such are major factors of socio-economic development in Europe; yet freshwater systems are under threat by a variety of stressors (organic and inorganic pollution, geomorphological alterations, land cover change, water abstraction, invasive species and pathogens. Some stressors, such as water scarcity, can be a stressor on its own because of its structural character, and drive the effects of other stressors. The relevance of water scarcity as a stressor is more important in semi-arid regions, such as the Mediterranean basin, which are characterized by highly variable river flows and the occurrence of low flows. This has resulted in increases in frequency and magnitude of extreme flow events. Furthermore, in other European regions such as eastern Germany, western Poland and England, water demand exceeds water availability and water scarcity has become an important management issue. Water scarcity is most commonly associated with inappropriate water management, with resulting river flow reductions. It has become one of the most important drivers of change in freshwater ecosystems. Conjoint occurrence of a myriad of stressors (chemical, geomorphological, biological) under water scarcity will produce novel and unfamiliar synergies and most likely very pronounced effects. Within this context, GLOBAQUA has assembled a multidisciplinary team of leading scientists in the fields of hydrology, chemistry, ecology, ecotoxicology, economy, sociology, engineering and modeling in order to study the interaction of multiple stressors within the frame of strong pressure on water resources. The aim is to achieve a better understanding how current management practices and policies could be improved by identifying the main drawbacks and alternatives.
Main objective of the project is the demonstration and validation of an eco-innovative design of asphalt pavements based on the integration of more sustainable materials into its production cycle. This goal will be achieved by working on two asphalt mixtures' main components, binders and aggregates. On the binder side, the aim is to replace almost the 100% of the bitumen by greener materials from renewable raw sources, e.g. vegetable oils, by-products of bioethanol production. On the aggregates' side, efforts will be made on the valorization of Construction and Demolition Waste and in the use of reclaimed asphalt for asphalt mixtures. Abstract: Road transport is the most important mode of surface transport in Europe- the EU-27 disposes of 5.000.000 km of paved roads- and it is fundamental to its social and economic development. The asphalt industry is one of the largest consumers of energy and raw materials, and highest contributor to the emission of greenhouses gases. Developing novel technologies to integrate waste and recycled materials into the production cycle of asphalt mixtures is a solution that improves both sustainability and cost-efficiency of the asphalt pavement industry reducing the CO2 footprint of these pavements and the environmental impact and associated costs related to the waste generation and disposal. In this context, a new concept of eco-asphalt is presented combining greener binders, recycling aggregates from C&DW and reclaimed asphalt within an integrated solution for asphalt pavements.
Urban regions in the EU face increasing but uncertain flood risks due to urbanization and the effects of climate change. In European (a.o. the Flood Risk Directive) and in national and regional policies, attempts are made to diversify and align different Flood Risk Strategies (FRSs). In our proposal, five such strategies are distinguished: risk prevention; flood defense; mitigation; preparation; and recovery. We assume that vulnerable urban agglomerations will be more resilient if multiple FRSs are applied simultaneously, linked together and aligned. At the same time, the application of a diverse cluster of FRSs has to be appropriate, i.e. attuned to the physical and social context. The latter asks for innovative Flood Risk Governance Arrangements (FRGAs). In the proposed program, insights from governance and legal scholars will be integrated and combined, leading to policy design principles for FRGAs as well as concrete recommendations for policy and law at the level of the EU, its member states, regional authorities, and public-private partnerships. Across different EU countries and regions, we expect to identify different mixes of FRSs. We will analyze, explain and evaluate the emergence and dominance of the FRGAs through which these FRSs are institutionally embedded. For this, a comparative analysis of FRGAs in six EU member states will be carried out. This analysis will reveal good practices, provide understanding of the resilience of FRSs as well as their appropriateness in different physical, social and legal contexts. The design principles thus derived, will be brought together in a design-oriented framework for ex-ante evaluation of FRGAs. As part of the program, various target group specific knowledge dissemination activities will be carried out, aimed at regional stakeholders, high level policymakers and EU officers. To this end, Grontmij, a consultancy company, and CEPRI (The European centre for flood risk prevention) have been included in the consortium, apart from universities in the six EU member states.'
Clouds are a very important, yet not well understood feedback factor in climate change and they contribute to the effective radiative forcing (ERF) from aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI). The uncertainty in ERF related to ACI is larger than for any other forcing agent. Also, feedbacks between the terrestrial and marine biosphere and the atmosphere involving ACI are thought to play an important role in regulating climate change but their relevance remains poorly quantified. Mission of BACCHUS and role of TROPOS: It proposes to quantify key processes and feedbacks controlling ACI, by combining advanced measurements of cloud and aerosol properties with state-of-the-art numerical modelling (Fig. 2). The analysis of contrasting environments will be the guiding strategy for BACCHUS. We will investigate the importance of biogenic versus anthropogenic emissions for ACI in regions that are key regulators of Earth's climate (Amazonian rain forest) or are regarded as tipping elements in the climate system (Arctic). Outlook: BACCHUS will generate a unique database linking long-term observations and field campaign data of aerosol, cloud condensation and ice nuclei and cloud microphysical properties; this will enable a better quantification of the natural aerosol concentrations and the anthropogenic aerosol effect. BACCHUS will advance the understanding of biosphere aerosol-cloud-climate feedbacks that occur via emission and transformation of biogenic volatile organic compounds, primary biological aerosols, secondary organic aerosols and dust. Integration of new fundamental understanding gained in BACCHUS in Earth Systems Models allows to reduce the uncertainty in future climate projections. This will have a direct impact on decision-making addressing climate change adaptation and mitigation. BACCHUS brings together a critical mass of experimentalists and modellers with the required scientific expertise to address these complex topics and a high commitment to communicate their findings in many ways in order to ensure a high-impact project.
The HEALTHY FUTURES project is motivated by concern for the health impacts of environmental changes. HEATHLY FUTURES aims to respond to this concern through construction of a disease risk mapping system for three water-related high-impact VBDs (malaria, Rift valley fever and schistosomiasis) in Africa, accounting for environmental/climatic trends and changes in socio-economic conditions to predict future risk. Concentrating on eastern Africa as a study area, HEALTHY FUTURES comprises a comprehensive, inter-disciplinary consortium of health, environment, socio-economic, disease modelling and climate experts in addition to governmental health departments. To achieve its aims, HEALTHY FUTURES will deploy a bottom-up, end-user/stakeholder-focused approach combining field-, laboratory- and library-based research.
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