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Pilotstudie fuer die Entwicklung von Geraeten zur Bewuchsbekaempfung mittels Reinigung von Schiffen im Hamburger Hafen

Untersuchungen zur anaeroben Reinigung des Abwassers einer Zitronensaeurefabrik

Bei der Zitronensaeureherstellung aus Melasse fallen grosse Mengen hochkonzentrierter Abwaesser an, deren Reinigung durch den Einsatz der anaeroben Verfahren wirtschaftlich tragbar wird. Die bei diesem Prozess entstehenden grossen Mengen an Faulgas koennen einen bedeutenden Teil des Primaerenergiebedarfes der Fabrik decken. Bedingt durch die Zusammensetzung des Abwassers treten eine Fuelle von Problemen mikrobiologischer und technologischer Natur auf.

Dissolved methane concentration variability along freshwater-sea continuum at Cuxhaven, northern Germany, 2021

The dataset is about temporal variability of dissolved methane along the freshwater-sea continuum in northern Germany. Sensors were installed at fixed stations at in total three sites at different water depths. This dataset is from the station in Cuxhaven (53.8771 N, 8.7048 E) taken at about 2-7m depth (depending on the tide). The data was obtained between 11 April and 28 August 2021 in high frequency measurements (1 min) with a methane sensor from Kongsberg (4H Jena model CONTROS HydroC CH4). Methane concentrations were calculated according to manufacturer's instructions, based on temperature and salinity values from COSYNA Container Cuxhaven. For the quality control of the data a local range of 0.1 – 1000 nmol/L was set, a technical range for the pump power 2 – 8 Watt, a spike and gradient value of 1. Due to heavy biofouling the external pump of the sensor failed, resulting in data gaps. For a more detailed description see the article cited in References.

CTD and oxygen measurements at lander_1 in a coastal peatland at the German Baltic Sea in 2021

Rewetting peatlands is an important measure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, after rewetting, the areas are highly heterogeneous in terms of GHG exchange, which depends on water level and source, vegetation, previous use, and duration of rewetting. These challenging conditions require new technologies that go beyond discrete sampling. Here we present data from two autonomous lander platforms deployed at the sediment-water interface (bottom lander) of a shallow coastal peatland (approx. 1 m water depth) that was rewetted by brackish water from the Baltic Sea, thus becoming part of the coastal water through a permanent connection. These landers were equipped with six commercially available state-of-the-art sensors, and temporal high-resolution measurements of physico-chemical variables, including partial pressures of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), were made. The resolution of the field data ranged from 10 seconds to 120 minutes and was obtained for partial pressure of CO2 (Contros HydroC-CO2) and CH4 (Contros HydroC-CH4), temperature, salinity, pressure (water depth), oxygen (O2) (CTD-O2 with SBE-37SMP-ODO), the concentrations of phosphate (SBE HydroCycle PO4), nitrate (SBE SUNA V2), chlorophyll a and the turbidity (both with SBE-FLNTUSB ECO) as stationary measurements at two different locations in close proximity. The CTD and oxygen measurements provide exact water depth data for the respective lander locations. In the other data sets (e.g., CO2 measurements) rounded data are inserted instead of the exact depth data, which is 0.6 m for lander_1 and 0.9 m for lander_2. SUNA raw data are provided for completeness. However, we found them of insufficient quality to estimate nitrate concentrations due to interferences and biofouling. The deployment and recovery of the landers, and thus the measurements, took place between 02 June 2021 and 09 August 2021, and the sensors were operated under permanent wired power supply and a centralized timestamp. The sensors were maintained and cleaned bi-weekly. Results show considerable temporal fluctuations expressed as multi-day, diurnal, and event-based variability, with spatial differences caused by biologically-dominated variables.

Continuous turbidity observations near DynaCom experimental in the back-barrier tidal flat, Spiekeroog, Germany, 2018-09 to 2023-09

Data presented here were collected between September 2018 to September 2023 within the research unit DynaCom (Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: From island biogeography to metaecosystems) involving the Universities of Oldenburg, Göttingen, and Münster, the iDiv Leipzig and the Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer. Experimental islands and saltmarsh enclosed plots were established in the back-barrier tidal flat and in the saltmarsh zone of the island of Spiekeroog (Germany). To measure local turbidity, a turbidity recorder equipped with a Seapoint® turbidity meter (RBRsolo Tu, RBR Ltd., Ontario/Canada) was installed in the back-barrier tidal flat near the experimental islands in a shallow tidal creek (0.9 m NHN). Another one was installed at the saltmarsh edge (1.2 m NHN). Both loggers were bottom mounted through a steel girder (buried 0.3 m deep in the sediment) and were positioned 15 cm above sediment surface, as was determined by using a portable differential GPS. This resulted in the sensor falling dry during low tide. The turbidity recorders were pre-calibrated by the manufacturer (Seapoint Sensors, Inc., NH/USA). Recorded data were internally logged and exported using Ruskin software V2.24.3.x (RBR Ltd., Ontario/Canada). Subsequent data processing was done using MATLAB (R2024b). Post-processing and quality control included the removal of (a) low tide data (sensors exposed to air), (b) data covering maintenance activities, (c) data affected by biofouling, and (d) implausible values, i.e. negative values and values exceeding the linear response range of the sensor (1250 NTU). According to manufacturer specifications, the linear measurement range extends up to 1250 NTU, while 750 NTU represent a more conservative estimate of linearity. Therefore, 1250 NTU was adopted as the upper threshold for valid measurements in this dataset.

Continuous current observations near DynaCom experimental islands in the back-barrier tidal flat, Spiekeroog, Germany, 2019-11 to 2023-09

Data presented here were collected between November 2019 to September 2023 within the research unit DynaCom (Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: From island biogeography to metaecosystems, https://uol.de/dynacom/ ) involving the Universities of Oldenburg, Göttingen, and Münster, the iDiv Leipzig and the Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer. Experimental islands and saltmarsh enclosed plots were established in the back-barrier tidal flat and in the saltmarsh zone of the island of Spiekeroog (Germany). A recording current meter (RCM; SEAGUARD® Recording Current Meter, Aanderaa Data Instruments AS, Bergen/Norway) was installed in the back-barrier tidal flat near the experimental islands. The sensor was bottom-mounted in a shallow tidal creek (0.59 m NHN) using a steel girder buried in the sediment, which caused the sensor to be exposed during low tide. All low-tide data have been removed from the dataset. The system was equipped with a ZPulse Doppler Current Sensor (DCS), a conductivity sensor, an oxygen optode, and two analogue sensors for chlorophyll-a and turbidity (16445). All sensors were pre-calibrated by the manufacturer. Recorded data were internally logged until readout with the SeaGuard Studio software (V1.5.23). Salinity was derived in the SeaGuard Studio software using temperature-dependent, nonlinear seawater conductivity compensation following the Practical Salinity Scale (PSS-78). Subsequent data processing was done using MATLAB (R2024b). Turbidity and chlorophyll-a data were excluded from the final dataset, as the recorded signals show implausible values and did not pass quality-control criteria. Post-processing and quality control included (a) the removal of low tide data, data covering maintenance activities, and data affected by biofouling, (b) the removal of implausible values, c) an outlier detection using the Hampel filter method, and (d) visual checks. Identified outlier were removed and synchronously removed across all associated parameters of the respective sensor.

Oceanographic data of Time Series Station Spiekeroog for 2009

The Time Series Station Spiekeroog (TSS) was setup in 2002, in the tidal inlet between the East Frisian Islands of Langeoog and Spiekeroog in the Southern German Bight, at position 53°45′01.0″ N, 007°40′16.3″ E. The aim was to ensure the continuous measurement of physical, biological, chemical and meteorological parameters, even under extreme weather conditions such as storms, ice, and storm surges. The TSS was financed as part of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) research unit BioGeoChemistry of Tidal Flats and the Ministry for Science and Culture of the Land of Lower Saxony (MWK). Here, water temperature and conductivity were measured in the year 2009. All raw data were revised and corrected for steps as range, outliers and stationarity checks. Water temperature and conductivity were measured in five different depths (4 m, 5.5 m, 7.5 m, 9.5 m, 11.5 m below MSL). Due to marine biofouling at the sensors and accompanying drift of instruments, the measured water temperature and conductivity data were corrected via linear regression by using reference data. As the water column in this region is well mixed and the water depth of the measurements varies with the tide, data from all five depths were averaged and referenced to a water depth of 4 m. Absolute salinity was derived from conductivity, temperature and pressure data according to TEOS 10. Data were smoothed and a quality flag was assigned for water temperature and salinity. The quality flags refer to the standard for data quality control of SeaDataNet https://www.seadatanet.org/ (0 = raw data, 1 = good data, 2 = probably good data, 3 = questionable data). Water level data for 2009 obtained at TSS are published by Holinde et al. (2015). A detailed description of the Time Series Station Spiekeroog, its structure and instrumentation can be found in Zielinski et al. (2022) and in Reuter et al. (2009).

Oceanographic data of Time Series Station Spiekeroog for 2008

The Time Series Station Spiekeroog (TSS) was setup in 2002, in the tidal inlet between the East Frisian Islands of Langeoog and Spiekeroog in the Southern German Bight, at position 53°45′01.0″ N, 007°40′16.3″ E. The aim was to ensure the continuous measurement of physical, biological, chemical and meteorological parameters, even under extreme weather conditions such as storms, ice, and storm surges. The TSS was financed as part of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) research unit BioGeoChemistry of Tidal Flats and the Ministry for Science and Culture of the Land of Lower Saxony (MWK). Here, water temperature and conductivity were measured in the year 2008. All raw data were revised and corrected for steps as range, outliers and stationarity checks. Water temperature and conductivity were measured in five different depths (4 m, 5.5 m, 7.5 m, 9.5 m, 11.5 m below MSL). Due to marine biofouling at the sensors and accompanying drift of instruments, the measured water temperature and conductivity data were corrected via linear regression by using reference data. As the water column in this region is well mixed and the water depth of the measurements varies with the tide, data from all five depths were averaged and referenced to a water depth of 4 m. Absolute salinity was derived from conductivity, temperature and pressure data according to TEOS 10. Data were smoothed and a quality flag was assigned for water temperature and salinity. The quality flags refer to the standard for data quality control of SeaDataNet https://www.seadatanet.org/ (0 = raw data, 1 = good data, 2 = probably good data, 3 = questionable data). Water level data for 2008 obtained at TSS are published by Holinde et al. (2015). A detailed description of the Time Series Station Spiekeroog, its structure and instrumentation can be found in Zielinski et al. (2022) and in Reuter et al. (2009).

Nährstoffrückgewinnung aus Klärschlamm

Der Abwasserverband Braunschweig optimiert mit einer technischen Innovation die Energiebilanz seiner Kläranlage und gewinnt wertvolle Nährstoffe aus dem Klärschlamm zurück. Das Bundesumweltministerium fördert dieses Vorhaben mit knapp 2 Millionen Euro aus dem Umweltinnovationsprogramm. Ziel des Vorhabens ist eine energetisch optimierte Schlammbehandlung mit erhöhter Faulgasausbeute und damit erhöhter Stromproduktion sowie die Rückgewinnung der Nährstoffe Stickstoff und Phosphor aus dem Abwasser für den späteren Einsatz als Düngemittel. Das Vorhaben leistet somit einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Erhöhung der Energie- und Ressourceneffizienz in der Abwasserwirtschaft und ist insbesondere in Hinblick auf die Nährstoffrückgewinnung auf andere Abwasserbehandlungsanlagen übertragbar. Das jährliche Einsparpotenzial an CO2-Emissionen beträgt circa 430 Tonnen. Zudem führt das Verfahren zu einer Verbesserung der energetischen Bilanz der Kläranlage. Und so funktioniert das neue Verfahren: In einer Zentrifugenanlage wird ausgefaulter Überschussschlamm auf circa 15 Prozent Trockenrückstand entwässert und direkt einer thermischen Desintegration zugeführt, in der mittels Druckhydrolyse eine Erhöhung des abbaubaren Anteils des Schlamms erreicht wird. Damit fällt eine höhere Menge an Faulgas an, gleichzeitig sinkt die zu entsorgende Schlammmenge. Die beim Zentrifugieren anfallende hoch nährstoffreiche Flüssigkeit - das Zentrifugat - wird nacheinander den beiden Nährstoffrückgewinnungsstufen, der Magnesium-Ammonium-Phosphat-Fällung und der Ammoniak-Strippung, zugeführt. Sowohl das dabei gewonnene Magnesium-Ammonium-Phosphat als auch das Ammoniumsulfat sind von hoher Qualität und zum Einsatz als Düngemittel geeignet. Das Bundesumweltministerium fördert mit dem Umweltinnovationsprogramm erstmalige, großtechnische Anwendungen einer innovativen Technologie. Das Vorhaben muss über den Stand der Technik hinausgehen und sollte Demonstrationscharakter haben.

Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur wirtschaftlichen Mitbehandlung von (Faulraum)-Truebwasser

Truebwasser aus Faulanlagen gibt auf Klaeranlagen haeufig Anlass zu Stoerungen, wenn sie als Konzentrate anaeroben Ursprungs zur weiteren Behandlung aus dem Schlammbehandlungsteil in die Abwasserbehandlungsstufe zurueckgefuehrt werden; Ursachen der Stoerungen sollen herausgefunden werden; Vorschlaege zur Mitbehandlung erarbeitet werden; dazu sind besondere Probleme der biologischen Abbaubarkeit zu loesen.

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