Entwicklung biologisch abbaubarer flüssig applizierbarer Bodenbeschichtungen. Weiterentwicklung von Rezepturen mit angepassten Hafteigenschaften, Lebensdauer und Härte, um folgende Ziele zu erreichen: - physikalische Bodenstabilisierung gegen Erosion, - Reduktion des Unkrautdrucks, - Wasserrückhalt/Wasserspeicherung um das Pflanzenwachstum zu fördern. Entwicklung einer Vorgehensweise zur Beeinflussung und Bestimmung der biologischen Abbaubarkeit von CBAB nach dem geplanten Ende der Nutzungsdauer.
Zielsetzung: Dauerbegrünungen der Fahrgassen sind vom Management her wie intensiv bewirtschaftete Grünlandflächen zu betrachten. Durch einen Know How Transfer aus dem Grünlandbereich, verbunden mit der Entwicklung spezifischer Saatgutmischungen und Begrünungsstrategien kann eine deutliche Verbesserung bzw. Problemlösung auf Weinbauflächen der Süd- und Oststeiermark und allen Obstbauflächen mit dauerbegrünten Fahrgassen erreicht werden. Das Forschungsvorhaben setzt sich zum Ziel, bestehende Grünlandtechnik im Wein- und Obstbau zu etablieren sowie neue Strategien bei Zusammensetzung, Etablierung und Pflege von Dauerbegrünungen zu entwickeln. Auf geeigneten Flächen des Wein- und Obstbauzentrums Silberberg sollen in den nächsten Jahren die folgenden Forschungsvorhaben umgesetzt werden: - Entwicklung und Einsatz neuer Begrünungsmischungen - Sanierung/Verbesserung bestehender Begrünungen mittels Nachsaat - Neuanlage mit geteilten Mischungen - Nachträgliche Etablierung von geteilten Mischungen - Einsatz alternativer Deckfrüchte. Bedeutung des Projekts für die Praxis: Verbesserte Bewirtschaftung mit vermindertem Ressourceneinsatz. Betriebswirtschaftliche Vorteile durch Einsparungen bei Mulchfrequenz und Pflegekosten Verringerung des Bodenabtrages und des Verlustes an Bodenfruchtbarkeit Kontrollierte Versickerung von Oberflächenwasser anstatt unkontrollierter Wasserabfluss bei Starkregenereignissen Hangbefestigung und Erosionsschutz Vermutete positive Effekte auf Produktqualität Steigerung der Biodiversität im Wein- und Obstgarten Erhaltung regionaler Genetik von Pflanzen des Extensivgrünlandes durch Einsatz in passenden Saatgutmischungen.
Dieser Datensatz enthält die Abgrenzung der Sanierungs- und Fördergebiete in der Stadt Osnabrück.
Most of Earth is covered by soils and sediments. In this upper layer processes of decomposition of organic matter and structure formation are mediated by microorganisms. In this context, MICSTAB asks how and to which extend microorganisms control the stabilization and formation of Earths surface. We hypothesize that the mechanisms of stabilization by microorganisms occur under all climate conditions but with varying intensity and different microbiological community structure in the presence of different types of vegetation providing energy to the microorganisms. Further, we assume that initial pedogenesis following soil erosion, i.e. structure formation differs in intensity and microbial community structure between erosional and depositional sites and that related process intensities are controlled by climate. To address these questions, we conduct research in three primary study areas along a climate gradient from north to south in Chile. In each area, typical topographic positions, such as (i) geomorphodynamic stable reference site on hill top with no erosion or deposition, (ii) eroded site at the upper slopes, and (iii) depositional site at toe slopes, will be used for an in-field rainfall simulation experiment and a laboratory soil structure simulation experiment. We use rainfall simulation under natural conditions to analyze the erosion resistance of the land surface as a self-regulatory process after hundreds to thousands of years of soil formation under equilibrium conditions. The soil structure simulation experiment applies wet/dry cycles to samples from all climate regions and topographic positions to highlight soil structure formation with and without microorganism as a crucial part of surface stabilization processes. Both experiments are designed to better understand i) how microbiological processes control soil structure formation and stabilize Earths surface, ii) how microbial-mediated soil structure formation is influenced by redistribution of solid material and iii) how microbial communities react to changes in soil erosionunder different climate conditions. High resolution imaging techniques such as epifluorescence microscopy, SEM-EDX, confocal laser scanning microscopy and NanoSIMS can help to understand better the interrelationship of microorganisms and soil structure formation. These cutting-edge technologies, combined with integrated stable isotope techniques (e.g stable isotope probing, SIP) and state-of-the-art molecular ecological, soil chemical analyses as well as modern techniques of soil erosion research, will serve to identify and understand microbial-mediated key processes of land surface stabilization.
Glaciers are significant agents of physical and chemical erosion; for example, the mechanical denudation of glaciated valleys in Alaska and Norway is an order of magnitude greater than that in equivalent non-glaciated basins. Knowledge about weathering rates and mineral transformation processes is fundamental in analysing the release of nutrients to ecosystems. Element losses and geochemical properties along a chronosequence in high alpine areas of the Wind River Range will be determined empirically. Samples from moraines in 3 separate regions of the mountains (high alpine above 3000m, montane forest below 3000m, and sagebrush steppe below 2100m) along 3 transects (north, middle, and southern) will be studied. Each locality consists of a catena (crest, backslope, toeslope). Stocks of organic matter will be assessed for all sites. Additionally, we focus on the time-dependent evolution of organic matter quality by applying a chemical and the physical density fractionation technique. The chemical and physical fractionation techniques will insight into the development of stable and labile organic matter and into interactions of organic matter with the mineral phase.
The fire regimes of Australia, the most fire prone continent on earth, have been changing during the late Quaternary and up to the present under the influence of a changing climate and vegetation, Aboriginal impact and then by European settlers. Because fire history is an important parameter in understanding palaeoenvironmental conditions in many parts of the world, it has been reconstructed primarily by palynologists using lake cores and traditional tools (visible charcoal), combined with dating (14C, 210Pb, 137Cs) and the reconstruction of the past vegetation (pollen). Quantifying only (microscopically) visible charcoal may reflect charcoal from forest fires which are relatively large in size and structurally sound. However these techniques are less likely to quantify smaller charcoal fractions derived from grasses - probably the main contributor of charcoal in Australias vast savannas and open grassy woodlands. Therefore, we are developing a new methodology to infer past wildfires by using geochemical tools that potentially assess the whole range of fire residues in sedimentary records and that can yield additional information about the vegetation burned. In particular, we propose that a geochemical marker method (benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCA)) would be capable to detect sedimentary fire residues that are too small to detect with standard microscopic methods. So far, however, these geochemical markers have not been used to quantify fire residues in lake sediment cores, neither have they been cross-compared to the presence of visible charcoal, which is indicative of palaeofires. The proof-of-concept study is conducted at two Australian sites where we would use molecular markers (BPCA) together with other geochemical methods to quantify past occurrences of fire and burned vegetation types. First we screen samples from about 200 depth intervals with a relatively rapid technique (MIR-PLS, mid-infrared spectroscopy with partial least square analysis) to observe major organic and inorcanic properties. Then, an in-depth, and more time-consuming characterization follows on some 20 samples from those sections of the cores, which have been identified by MIR-PLS to show significant changes in charcoal and organic carbon abundance. These sections will be analyzed using more sophisticated molecular scale techniques including the BPCA molecular marker method. (abridged text)
| Organisation | Count |
|---|---|
| Bund | 68 |
| Kommune | 2 |
| Land | 4 |
| Wissenschaft | 21 |
| Zivilgesellschaft | 2 |
| Type | Count |
|---|---|
| Förderprogramm | 68 |
| unbekannt | 1 |
| License | Count |
|---|---|
| Offen | 69 |
| Language | Count |
|---|---|
| Deutsch | 47 |
| Englisch | 28 |
| Resource type | Count |
|---|---|
| Keine | 57 |
| Webseite | 12 |
| Topic | Count |
|---|---|
| Boden | 62 |
| Lebewesen und Lebensräume | 67 |
| Luft | 49 |
| Mensch und Umwelt | 69 |
| Wasser | 49 |
| Weitere | 69 |