Freisetzung von Vinylchlorid bei einem Eisenbahntransportunfall. Es traten in Folge bei mind. 328 Personen Gesundheitsstörungen in Form von Augen-, Haut- und Schleimhautreizungen und gastrointest. Beschwerden auf.
Die Betriebliche Umweltberichterstattung im Land Brandenburg besteht aus vier Modulen (Stammdatenverwaltung, Berichtspflichten => Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) (jährlich), Emissionserklärungsverordnung (alle vier Jahre), Verordnung über Großfeuerungsanlagen (jährlich)). Das System ist offen für die Anbindung weiterer Berichtspflichten.
Das Projekt "Heat recovery in the production of phosphoric acid" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von BK Ladenburg GmbH durchgeführt. Objective: The combustion of yellow phosphorus generates 24,350 kJ of heat per kg of the substance. The large-scale production of phosphoric acid involves the combustion of yellow phosphorus. The considerable amounts of heat generated in this process have been evacuated by means of cooling water. The project suggests to utilize this heat, in the future, for the generation of steam and to have it converted into electric power. This process-heat recovery enables considerable savings of primary energy (coal, oil, gas). General Information: The heat generated by the large-scale combustion of phosphorus is absorbed, in an acid tower, by recirculating acid. The recirculating acid then releases the heat previously absorbed into a heat exchanger (cooling water). The amounts of heat thus transferred are subsequently released, mainly in the form of steam, from the cooling tower into the atmosphere. Now, the new method suggests an upstream combustion chamber before the acid tower, thus utilizing a major part of the heat generated in the combustion of yellow phosphorus for the production of energy. The new method represents an energy-recovery process on a very high temperature level, with the possibility to produce high-pressure to medium-pressure steam with subsequent power/heat coupling. The estimated energy generation, at 8000 hours, would be as follows: Steam 15 t/h = 120,000 t/a with steam-pressure reduction from 80 bars/550 degree of Celsius to 40 bars/450 degree of Celsius. Electric power: 550 kWh = 4,400 mWh/a. Achievements: The project cannot be carried on, for the following reasons: - The capital expense (investment), in view of the actual cost level, will be approx. 30-40 per cent higher than estimated at the time of submission. - The capital payback period, due to the price decline for primary energy, will be excessively long (7 years); longer than there is an assured supply of phosphorus. - Since 1985, in view of a modified strategy, our company has increased its efforts to manufacture speciality products rather than to produce mass phosphates (commodities); this will lead to a reduced demand of phosphorus in the future. - A drastic collapse, since early 1986, in the sale of phosphate salts used in washing powers, detergents, and cleaning agents, will further reduce the amounts of phosphorus needed in the manufacture of our product line. - A major aspect of the project was the purchase of energy by Joh. A. Benckiser, with whom we have a joint network. Joh. A. Benckiser are no longer prepared to purchase any such energy.
Das Projekt "SP2" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung durchgeführt. Ziel des Subprojektes ist die Charakterisierung des Einflusses verschiedener Zwischenfruchtarten auf das Wurzelwachstum und den Ernährungs- und Gesundheitszustand der Folgefrucht Mais in einer Langzeitrotation. Dabei liegt ein Hauptaugenmerk auf der Beschreibung der N-Aufnahme der Zwischenfrucht und des folgenden N-Übertrages auf die Hauptfrucht. Außerdem soll untersucht werden, inwieweit Zwischenfruchtarten das (Wurzel-)Wachstum der Folgefrucht biologisch (durch deren Wurzelbiomassenverteilung) und chemisch (durch Abgabe von Wurzelexsudaten) beeinflussen können.
Das Projekt "Sichtung und Auswertung der infolge des Flugzeugabsturzes am 8.12.1988 in Remscheid durchgeführten Untersuchungen im Hinblick auf die Freisetzung von Uran" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Öko-Institut. Institut für angewandte Ökologie e.V. durchgeführt.
Das Projekt "Sicherung und Auswertung der infolge des Flugzeugabsturzes am 8.12.1988 in Remscheid durchgeführten Untersuchungen im Hinblick auf die Freisetzung von Uran" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Öko-Institut. Institut für angewandte Ökologie e.V. durchgeführt.
Das Projekt "Assessment of hazardous gas emission to the surface over former mined areas" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Wasserbau durchgeführt. The numerical model MUFTE-UG which is capable to simulate two-phase, gas and water, flow processes in the subsurface has been adapted to the special conditions of methane gas problem. Several simplified test cases have been carried out to determine sensitive parameters depending on the geological structures. For the next period, two things are planned in a close cooperation with DMT. On the one hand, a 3D model of an existing coal mining area will be built up and prepared for the numerical simulation. This requires the collection of available data, their integration into a CAD system (see fig. 2, two cuts through a coal mining area in the Ruhrgebiet, Germany), a data base and a mesh generator. On the other hand, the influence of fractures, fracture-networks and small scale heterogeneities on the methane migration processes will be investigated.
Das Projekt "UNECE-Konvention 2. Subregional Seminar 'Industrial Safety and Hazard Prevention at transboundary Rivers' vom 25. bis 27.03.2004 in Iasi, Rumänien" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Umweltbundesamt durchgeführt.
Das Projekt "Automated measuring system for waste from dismantling of the KKN plant, to be released" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von NIS Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH durchgeführt. Objective: an important task in the decommissioning of nuclear installations is the proof of the very low radioactivity levels, allowing for free release of the generated waste. This proof involves long measuring times on a great number of representative samples out of important masses of metal structures and concrete, and considerable radiation exposure of the measuring staff. The main objective of the present research is the development, construction and large-scale testing of a prototype for an automatic measuring system, appropriate to treat important masses of waste, with low-level activities and different nuclide compositions and shapes. It is expected to minimise human errors by automatic operation. The measuring system will be designed as a mobile unit, with a modular structure allowing for a general purpose application to lwr typical waste arising, at different decommissioning sites. The practical testing will be done a total mass of 1000 mg in the framework of the kkn decommissioning. The study will be completed by a conclusive assessment of the merits of the developed measuring system for large-scale operation. General information: b.1.conceptual studies for the definition of the requirements for a measuring system, including assessment of existing low-level activity measuring techniques, definition of the types of waste to be treated, and health physics protection considerations. B.2. Preparation of a design of the complete measuring system, including detectors, control and transport system, general purpose software for measuring data processing, followed by a call for tenders and the choice of manufactures. B.3. Preparation of a licensing dossier for experimental operation of the measuring system programme. In the framework of the decommissioning of kkn. B.4. Execution of a large-scale test programme. B.5.conclusive assessment of the appropriateness of the developed measuring system, considering technical and economic aspects. Achievements: the dismantling of nuclear facilities requires proof that the radioactivity levels of materials to be released from restricted areas remain below low limiting values. Up till now, decisive measurements have been almost impossible on parts and material with complex geometries. In order to keep measurement costs low, a device has been developed which uses a fast automatic procedure to examine large amounts of dismantled and potentially contaminating components. The device measures the gross gamma-radiation which has a higher penetrating capacity into the material than beta radiation. The measuring tunnel is 1.2 m broad and 1.2 m high. Parts to be measured can be up to 4 m long and weigh 1 tonne. Analysis of measurements has shown that the specified minimal detectable activity level of 1000 bq cobalt-60 can be achieved, even with steel shielding of 2 cm thickness.
Das Projekt "Study on the emission of nanoparticles in products in the life cycle and the ecological evaluation" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Institut für Umwelt & Energie, Technik & Analytik e.V. durchgeführt. Objective of the project is the assessment of the exposure of environment and human health by synthetic nanomaterials. The project includes a life cycle analysis of relevant products, an analysis of measurement equipment, and the identification of the demand for research and development. A reference study was commissioned by the Federal Environmental Agency - FKZ 3708 61 300 - in the scope of the UFOPLAN 2008, to summarise the current knowledge and research needs in the area of emission of nanoscale particles from products in the course of their life cycle as well as their possible environmental effects (relevance). For this purpose, information about nanoscale silver, titanium dioxide, carbon black, cerium oxide used in wipes, wall paint, in tires and additives in fuel, were compiled and evaluated. Possible measurement techniques and methods, for different measurement parameters and matrices, for examining the emission and characterizing nanostructures and their behaviour in the environment were summarized in a separate section. Emission of nanoscale material from products can take place at different stages in the course of its life cycle; during production, processing, transportation, when in use or during disposal of materials and products. Release generally takes place in environmental media such as air, water or soil/sediments. Nanoscale silver and titanium dioxide is mainly released into the aquatic medium. The release of silver particles has been shown when washing tissues and textiles in particular which have been impinged with nanoscale silver. It is not clear if the particles are release in the form of ions or nanoparticles. The release of TiO2 from wall paint after rain events was seen in rain water and in near by surface waters during field measurements. Laboratory studies have shown that TiO2 particles can be released through mechanical stress.It seems on the other hand that the emission of carbon black and cerium oxide mainly takes place in air. Carbon black can stem from ink, laser printers or tires. Studies have established the release of nanoscale soot particles form tires. It could not be determined if the released particles were the original particles or particles formed from secondary processes. The primary application for nanoscale cerium oxide is in polishing agents, coating products and as catalysts in e.g. diesel fuels. Cerium oxides have also been used recently for medical purposes, e.g. tested and marketed as antioxidants. Cerium oxide emission is likely for all the listed applications. This could be proven by field measurements particularly when used in fuels. It was not examined whether the released cerium oxide from diesel fumes correspond to that which was applied. There are generally very few publications for this study that deal explicitly with the emission from the materials and products which are to be examined...