The Methodological Convention 3.1 for the Assessment of Environmental Costs – Value Factors provides value factors for emissions of greenhouse gases, air pollutants, noise, nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as for transport, energy generation, building materials and greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture. The value factors show the benefit of environmental protection for society – and the costs that society incurs if environmental protection is neglected. The value factors can be used to assess the impacts of laws and public investments, and for the design of economic instruments. In the corporate sector, the cost rates can be used, i.a., to calculate the environmental costs of production and in sustainability reports. Veröffentlicht in Broschüren.
The Methodological Convention 3.1 for the Assessment of Environmental Costs - Value Factors provides value factors for emissions of greenhouse gases, air pollutants, noise, nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as for transport, energy generation, building materials and greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture. The value factors show the benefit of environmental protection for society - and the costs that society incurs if environmental protection is neglected. The value factors can be used to assess the impacts of laws and public investments, and for the design of economic instruments. In the corporate sector, the cost rates can be used, i.a., to calculate the environmental costs of production and in sustainability reports. Quelle: www.umweltbundesamt.de
Das Projekt "Synergies between European and national strategies for energy" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, Projektleitung Biologie, Ökologie, Energie durchgeführt. General Information/Objectives: The objective of the Sensor project is to provide a full review and comparison of energy RTD strategies in all countries of the EU, and to analyse the synergies between the national and EU-level RTD programmes. The project will assemble a data and information base, from which key indicators will be developed to advise EU policy makers on four principal issues: 1. Evaluation and Monitoring of RTD A review of methodologies used in member states will be carried out to characterise the results, progress and evolution of RTD-programmes. Recommendations will be made for a method appropriate to the EU level. 2. Technology Characterisation and Foresight A critical review will be made of national approaches, including the use of (EU) models and scenarios. Advise will be presented on a methodology suitable for application at EU level. 3. Analysis of Factors Driving Energy Markets A review of changes affecting energy markets at national and EU level will be presented. An analysis will be made on the effects of these changes on the decision criteria of main actors and on the implications for the market potential of the relevant technologies. 4. Targets for EU Intervention A database of national RTD activities will be compiled (content, expenditures, objectives) and used to identify areas of common interest across the EU. Technical Approach The project will be carried out by 15 national energy agencies spread over the EU and institutionalised in the so called EnR network. The work programme has been divided into four topic areas which correspond to the four objectives listed above. Each topic area will be the responsibility of a Topic Leader. These leaders form the Project Steering Group. Expected Achievements and Exploitation The principal benefit of this project will be the more efficient allocation of EU resources for energy RTD. The project will build on the work carried out in other projects funded by the EU. Data from the different sources available will be compiled together in a coherent manner, to provide an integrated information base for decision makers. Prime Contactor: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Energie en Milieu, Department of Programme and Strategy Development; Utrecht; Netherlands.
Das Projekt "Bees in Europe and Sustainable Honey Production (BEE SHOP)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Fachbereich Biologie, Institut für Zoologie, Arbeitsgruppe Molekulare Ökologie durchgeführt. Honey is among the oldest food products of mankind and beekeeping is deeply rooted in every European culture. Numerous European and national regulations control honey quality, which reflects both the high nutritional and societal value of the product. Yet in an environment with increasing chemical pollution and the wide use of agrochemicals, honey runs high risks of becoming chemically polluted. In addition a broad spectrum of chemicals is used to treat honeybee diseases, further contaminating honey with sometimes highly toxic compounds. The BEE SHOP is a network of ten leading European honeybee research groups in honey quality, pathology, genetics and behaviour as well as selected beekeeping industries, which all share a common interest in promoting Europe's high honey quality standards. The prime goal is to reduce potential sources of honey contamination due to both foraging contaminated nectar and chemotherapy of honeybee diseases. The BEE SHOP will therefore deal with the development of biological resistance to pests and pathogens to avoid chemotherapy. Various European honeybee races and populations will be screened for their disease resistance potential to the main pressing pathogens. Differences in foraging patterns among European honeybees and their underlying mechanisms will be studied to identify behavioural traits reducing contamination. Differences in disease susceptibility will be genetically analysed by QTL mapping. Major loci in the genome will be identified with the aid of the published honeybee genome. SNPs will be developed to allow for selection of specific target genes in both drones and queens before insemination. This will greatly accelerate the selection progress in honeybee breeding allowing for the swift establishment of resistant but efficient stock. New tools for testing honey quality and authenticity will be developed to allow inspections of honey according to the current EC directives on honey quality and organic beekeeping.
Das Projekt "Enhandced oil recovery-modification and continuation of the articulated drillstring" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Preussag, Abteilung Forschung und Entwicklung durchgeführt. Objective: Main purpose of the R and D project TH/02047/87/DE is the development of a short down hole motor based on the existing ADS-system (Articulated Drill String) with the same high accuracy of azimuthal and directional control. The usability of the new system to drill horizontal wells from small diameter casings has to be achieved. This target shall be reached by integration of short positive displacement motors into the ADS technology. In addition, drilling and production related technologies shall be developed to optimize the completion of horizontal wells in hydrocarbon reservoirs. General Information: The development consists of seven project stages related to three topics (subjects): 1. Articulated drill string (ADS). STAGE 1 : State - of - the - art report. STAGE 2: Modification of the existing drill string, adaption of mud motor and flexible drill pipe. STAGE 3 : Adaption of the flexible drill string components and 2-way EM-MWD system. 2. Flexible drill string. STAGE 4: State - of - the - art report. TAGE 5 : Construction and testing of flexible drill string components. 3. Completion and production methods. STAGE 6 : State - of - the - art report and theoretical solution of problems. STAGE 7 : Configuration, testing, modifications. Achievements: The new articulated down hole motor (ADM) was constructed and field-tested as a short positive displacement motor. After generally successful field-tests of the 4,75' and 6,75' version of the ADM, improvement and optimization work has to be done. The design of the articulations had to be changed twice. The support pads on the articulations were extended to improve the build-up performance of the ADM, particularly in soft formations and unconsolidated sands. The edging rings of the rubber sleeve had to be revised in geometry and finish to improve the adhesion of the vulcanized hose. The load capacity of the articulation was improved by the adjustment of the bearing surface. The increased interest in an ADM with a reduced diameter to get the ability to drill short radius horizontal wells with radii down to 20 m from all common 7' API casings will be satisfied by a new ADM with a diameter of 4,15 only. A MWD system which was developed by Preussag with a sponsorship of the German Ministry for Research and Technology is being modified to suit the requirements in short radius horizontal drilling. The now available MWD system shall be modified for use with the ADM in short radius horizontal drilling. In long horizontal sections it is difficult to create the necessary weight on bit. The weight on bit is produced by means do drill collars positioned in the vertical section of the borehole. The drill pipe located below the drill collars has to transfer the load to the bit. Under these conditions drag and buckling of the drill pipe is a problem. Up to now in horizontal sections usually heavy-wall-drill pipe (HWDP) is used due to their increased bending resistivity compared to conventional drill pipe. ..
Das Projekt "Ziele, Anreize und Hemmnisse für den grenzüberschreitenden Ausbau der Stromnetze" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Consentec GmbH durchgeführt. Die Europäische Union (EU) hat auf der Tagung des Europäischen Rates am 23./24. Oktober 2014 erneut die enorme Wichtigkeit der Vollendung des europäischen Strombinnenmarkts mit Blick auf die Erreichung der klimapolitischen Ziele, der Gewährleistung von Versorgungssicherheit und der Ermöglichung wettbewerbsfähiger Energiepreise bekräftigt. Dazu wurde die Vordringlichkeit der Erreichung des für 2020 festgelegten Stromverbundziels jedes EU-Mitgliedsstaats von 10 % der national installierten Erzeugungskapazität erneut in den Vordergrund gestellt und zusätzlich der Vorschlag der EU-Kommission für eine Erweiterung auf einen Stromverbundgrad von 15 % bis 2030 zur Diskussion gestellt. Der Vorschlag zur Erhöhung des bestehenden Ziels für den Stromverbundgrad führt aktuell zu kontroversen Diskussionen, da hiervon die weiteren Entscheidungen über den zukünftigen grenzüberschreitenden Stromnetzausbau bis 2030 maßgeblich beeinflusst werden. Anhand der Diskussionen wird deutlich, dass für einen zielgerichteten grenzüberschreitenden Stromnetzausbau ein neuer Anforderungskatalog erarbeitet und ggf. die Netzplanungsprozesse entsprechend angepasst werden müssen. Gleichzeitig sind potenzielle Hemmnisse für einen solchen zielgerichteten und effizienten Ausbau der Stromnetze zu identifizieren und möglichst abzubauen. Eine derartig angepasste Netzausbaustrategie sollte möglichst schon bei der nächsten Überarbeitung der Liste der Projekte von gemeinsamem Interesse (Projects of Common Interests, PCIs) für das europäische Stromversorgungsystem im Jahr 2017 berücksichtigt werden.
Das Projekt "Klärung von rechtlichen Fragen zur Gemeinnützigkeit des RAL" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Röver und Partner KG durchgeführt.
Das Projekt "Sustainable futures for Europe's HERitage in CULtural landscapES: Tools for understanding, managing, and protecting landscape functions and values (HERCULES)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Servicezentrum Forschung durchgeführt. European cultural landscapes are valued as everyday living environment, countryside, heritage, scenery with aesthetic and recreational qualities and unique biodiversity, and as a source of ecosystem services that they provide to society. Cultural landscapes, however, are undergoing rapid and fundamental transformations across Europe, mainly as a result of an on-going polarization of land use, with abandonment and rural exodus on the one hand, and intensification and (peri-) urbanisation on the other. So far, substantial challenges have inhibited the design of effective responses to safeguard cultural landscape values. The proposed HERCULES project strives for the empowerment of public and private actors to protect, manage, and plan for sustainable landscapes of significant cultural, historical, and archaeological value at local, national, and pan-European scales. By applying and developing innovative technologies and tools for assessing and mapping cultural landscapes, the project will (a) synthesise existing knowledge on drivers, patterns, and outcomes of persistence and change in Europes cultural landscapes; (b) perform targeted case studies to develop in-depth insights on dynamics and values of cultural landscapes; (c) develop a typology of cultural landscapes and scale-up case study insights using observations and landscape modelling; (d) develop visions for re-coupling social and ecological components in cultural landscapes and translate them into policy and management options; and (e) design and implement a community-based Knowledge Hub for Good Landscape Practice and demonstrate it with land users, agencies, SMEs, and citizen associations. HERCULES comprises European universities, SMEs, NGOs, and a research institute that are leaders in landscape science and practice. The project follows the European Landscape Conventions call for transdisciplinary research and involves all actors with stakes in cultural landscapes of historical and archaeological value.
Das Projekt "Design and analysis of unreplicated plant breeding trials" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Kulturpflanzenwissenschaften, Fachgebiet Biostatistik (340c) durchgeführt. Early generation plant breeding trials are often laid out according to unreplicated designs. Replicated checks may be used for error control, for example in augmented designs based on an incomplete block design for checks which are augmented with unreplicated entries. Traditional augmented designs require considerable resources to be spent on genotypes that are not themselves of interest. Therefore, it has been suggested to replace checks with partially replicated entries, leading to so-called prep designs. In the present proposal we suggest combining both ideas to develop what we call augmented prep designs. A non-trivial design problem arises when trials are to be performed at multiple locations. The main challenge then is how to augment the blocks so as to balance the number of pairwise concurrences. This task can be tackled in different ways based on the use (-arrays which are well-known as the basis for (-designs in fully replicated experiments. Furthermore, we also explore the refinement of designs when analysis by spatial models is envisioned. Robustness of the designs to the presence of genotype-environment interaction is also investigated.
Das Projekt "Simulationsverfahren fuer aerodynamisch hervorgerufene Geraeuschpegel in Innenraeumen" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Mercedes-Benz Group AG durchgeführt. Noise has a large impact on the life of people and low interior noise is one of the major comfort criterion expected by car purchasers. The air flow around vehicle, source of aerodynamic noise transmitted in the cockpit by structural vibrations, is of great interest for car manufacturers because other noise sources contributing to interior noise have been reduced during last years. The goal of the project is to provide tools and methodologies for the reduction of the aerodynamic sources, and therefore interior and exterior noise, of passenger cars with a possible application of the results for train and aircraft transports. SMILE will increase competitiveness of partners on the world market by developing models for the prediction of wall pressure fluctuations, which will be coupled with vibro-acoustic tools to calculate interior aerodynamic noise.