This dataset contains processed bathymetric data of the volcanic crater lake Laacher See in Germany recorded on 13-14 September 2021, acquired for the purpose of describing the lake sedimentary infill and volcanic degassing processes occurring in the crater. It has a coverage of 2.81 km², which corresponds to ca. 84% of the total lake surface area. The nearshore zone was not mapped due to vegetation growth limiting the data quality. Depths are expressed in meters below lake level, ranging from 2.4 m to 50.5 m. The bathymetric data was acquired using a Norbit WBMSe Wideband Multibeam Sonar from the Flanders Marine Institute (Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee, VLIZ) and the system was operated at a source frequency of 400 kHz with a maximum swath angle of 150°, transmitting 512 beams with a beam width of 0.9° x 1.9°. Sound velocity profiles were collected throughout the survey to account for temporal variations in water-column sound velocity. Processing of the raw data was done using Qimera 2.5.1 (QPS) and included correction for pitch, roll and heading offsets during acquisition, and manual removal of artefacts such as gas bubbles, vegetation and inconsistent soundings in overlapping swaths. From the processed data, a bathymetric grid with a ~1m cell size was constructed.
Exposure to ultrafine aerosol particles (UFPs) can cause adverse effects on human health, local environment and climate. Air traffic is associated with the emission of high numbers of UFPs, which results in increased UFP number concentrations close to airports. So far, the spatial distribution and variability of UFPs is poorly understood in the atmospheric boundary layer. The uncrewed aerial system (UAS) ALADINA (Application of Lightweight Aircraft for Detecting In-situ Aerosols, e.g. Altstädter et al., 2015) was operated close to the largest airport in Germany at Frankfurt airport (FRA) between 11 and 19 October 2024. The dataset provides airborne in-situ observations of the spatial distribution of aerosol particle number concentration with different sizes and meteorological parameters of temperature, humidity, wind, surface temperature and short-wave irradiance, as well as accurate position and orientation of ALADINA. Data are available from 26 measurement flights, comprising a number of 122 vertical profiles between ground and a maximum altitude of 750 m above mean sea level (ASL) and about 70 horizontal legs at different but constant altitude, e.g. in 100 m altitude intervals. Details about the ALADINA measurements will be provided in a publication (Harm-Altstädter et al., in prep.) soon.
This dataset was collected during the cruise MSM129/1 with RV MARIA S. MERIAN from Warnemünde, Germany to St. John's, Canada. It contains suspended particulate matter, particulate organic matter and particulate inorganic matter measurements [mg/l] from water samples collected from the seawater supply (Reinseewassersystem, RSWS) to calibrate the turbidity data of the RSWS system. The outflow of a PocketFerrybox that was connected to the seawater supply in the hangar was used for sampling. It takes a substantial amount of time for the water to reach the hanger from the intake point. The time delay between the sensor readings of the RSWS and the PocketFerrybox was determined and the timestamps of the water sampling were adjusted accordingly. Given latitute and longitude refer to this corrected timestamp. The original time of water sampling in the hangar is given as an additional column with the comment time of sampling. To obtain suspended particulate matter concentrations, water samples were filtered onboard through 0.7 μm pore size, glass fiber filters (Whatmann GF/F, 47 mm) under low vacuum. Filters were frozen immediately at -80 °C until gravimetric analysis in the laboratory at ICBM, Wilhelmshaven according to IOCCG recommendations.
We present HeideBench, a very-high-resolution multispectral uncrewed aerial vehicle dataset for forest crown phenology collected over a forest patch in Dölauer Heide, Halle (Saale), Germany. Dölauer Heide is currently dominated by pine plantations (Kiefernforste), which cover the largest area but are increasingly affected by dieback, while its potential natural vegetation is sessile oak–hornbeam forest rich in small-leaved lime (Albrecht et al., 1993). In addition to these pine stands, the area contains near-natural mixed deciduous forests with oaks, birches, and beeches, making it a particularly relevant setting for observing seasonal canopy development under contrasting forest structures and ongoing ecological transition. Against this background, HeideBench provides repeated observations of the same forest patch through the growing season. The dataset contains 18 georeferenced multispectral GeoTIFF orthomosaics acquired between 6 March 2025 and 5 November 2025, spanning a 244-day seasonal period from early spring to late autumn. The acquisitions have a median revisit interval of 14 days, with intervals ranging from 4 to 27 days, and an average ground sampling distance of 5.53 cm per pixel. The valid imaging footprint covers approximately 32.1 ha and is bounded by 11.902653–11.911325°E and 51.499959–51.508576°N. Data were collected using a DJI Mavic 3M Enterprise uncrewed aerial vehicle equipped with four multispectral cameras measuring green (560 nm), red (650 nm), red-edge (730 nm), and near-infrared (860 nm) reflectance, in that order. Flights used a real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning module for centimeter-level geolocation, and all data are provided in coordinate reference system EPSG:25832. Imagery was processed with Agisoft Metashape 2.3.1 to generate calibrated multispectral orthomosaics. The dataset further includes 5,885 crop-safe individual tree crown instance segmentations over the same footprint, extracted with the DeepTrees software package (Khan et al., 2025). HeideBench is intended to support crown-centric analyses of seasonal canopy development, temporal representation learning, phenology-aware feature extraction, and the evaluation of tree crown delineation under seasonal change. HeideBench is a result of the Dynamic Platform Project titled "PhenoEmbed: Multispectral UAV AI Embeddings for phenology-aware tree crown delineation" of the Integration Platform 1: "Sustainable future land use" (IP1) at the Helmholz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) in Leipzig, Germany.
Das aktuelle Klima der Erde verändert sich schneller, als von den meisten wissenschaftlichen Prognosen vorhergesagt wurde. Dabei erwärmen sich die Polargebiete schnellsten von allen Regionen der Erde. Die Polargebiete haben auch starke globale Auswirkungen auf das Erdklima und beeinflussen daher das Leben und die Lebensgrundlagen auf der ganzen Welt. Trotz der großen Fortschritte der Polarforschung der letzten Jahre gibt es nach wie vor schlecht verstandene Prozesse; einer davon ist die Aerosol-Wolke-Klima-Wechselwirkung, die daher auch nicht zufriedenstellend modelliert werden können. Wolken und deren Wechselwirkungen im Klimasystem sind eine der schwierigsten Komponenten bei der Modellierung, insbesondere in den Polarregionen, da es dort besonders schwierig ist, qualitativ hochwertige Messungen zu erhalten. Die Verfügbarkeit hochwertiger Messungen ist daher von entscheidender Bedeutung, um die zugrunde liegenden Prozesse zu verstehen und in Modelle integrieren zu können. Im ersten Teil des hier vorgeschlagenen Projekts schlagen wir, d.h. TROPOS, vor, die bestehenden Aerosolmessungen an der Neumayer III-Station um in-situ Wolkenkondensationskern- (CCN) und Eiskeim- (INP) Messungen zu erweitern für einen Zeitraum von fast zwei Jahren. Die erfassten Daten wie Anzahl der Konzentrationen, Hygroskopizität, INP-Gefrierspektren usw. werden mit meteorologischen Informationen (z.B. Rückwärtstrajektorien) und Informationen über die chemische Zusammensetzung der vorherrschenden Aerosolpartikel verknüpft, um Quellen für INP und CCN über den gesamten Jahreszyklus zu identifizieren. In einem optionalen dritten Jahr wollen wir die Ergebnisse der südlichen Hemisphäre mit den TROPOS-Langzeitmessungen des CCN und INP aus der Arktis (Villum Research Station) vergleichen, welche uns im Rahmen dieses Projekts von DFG-finanzierten TR 172, AC3, Projekt B04 zur Verfügung stehen werden. Ein Ergebnis des beantragten Projekts wird ein tieferes Verständnis dafür sein, welche Prozesse die CCN- und INP-Population in hohen Breiten dominieren. Die im Rahmen des vorliegenden Projekts gesammelten quantitativen Informationen über CCN und INP in hohen Breiten werden öffentlich zugänglich veröffentlicht, z.B. für die Evaluierung globaler Modelle und Satellitenretrievals.
This dataset includes downcore measurements of pH values, H2S, Cl-, SO42-, SiO2, NO2-, PO43-, NH4+, NO3-, As, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, Si and Sr concentrations for sediment cores retrieved using multi-corer sampling during RV Heincke expeditions HE575 and HE595 in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The samples were collected in the framework of the Project APOC (Anthropogenic impacts on particulate organic carbon cycling in the North Sea). All measurements were performed in the laboratories of the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) in Bremerhaven, Germany, except pH values, which were determined onboard the research vessel.
PHILEAS (Probing high latitude export of air from the Asian summer monsoon)Die asiatische Sommermonsun Antizyklone (AMA) während des Nordsommers wird als ein Haupttransportweg in die obere Troposphäre / untere Stratosphäre (UTLS) für troposphärische Luftmassen, die viel H2O und Aerosolvorläufergase und Verschmutzung enthalten, gesehen. Neuere Beobachtungen zeigen eine große Bedeutung des Transports von Ammoniumnitrat durch die AMA für das Aerosolbudget und die asiatische Tropopausenaerosolschicht (ATAL), wahrscheinlich auch mit Konsequenzen für die Zirrenbildung.Neuere flugzeuggetragene Messkampagnen konnten die Zusammensetzung und Aerosolgehalt im Inneren der AMA charakterisieren oder werden in unmittelbarer Nähe Messungen erheben. Im Gegensatz dazu wurde der Einfluss von monsungeprägten Luftmassen auf die Gesamtzusammensetzung der nördlichen untersten Stratosphäre, z.B. bei HALO Mesungen nachgewiesen. Allerdings gibt es bisher keine Studie, die den Übergang der AMA Luftmassen in die extratropische unterste Stratosphäre (LMS) und die Konsequenzen für Aerosolprozessierung und Zusammensetzung zeigt. Im Rahmen der früheren HALO Missionen TACTS/ESMVal und WISE hat sich gezeigt, dass der nördliche Zentralpazifik eine Schlüsselregion für diesen Übergang ist.Beobachtungen und Modelldaten zeigen eine besondere Bedeutung des sogenannten ‘eddy-sheddings‘ für die Befeuchtung der nördlichen UTLS an. Diese Eddies stellen isolierte dynamische Anomalien dar, die sich von der AMA gelöst haben und mit der Hintergrundströmung in der Atmosphäre zu zirkulieren beginnen. Die chemische Zusammensetzung der Eddies ist zunächst isoliert von ihrer Umgebung. Dynamische und diabatische Prozesse erodieren jedoch diese Anomalien und führen zu einer allmählichen Vermischung mit dem stratosphärischen Hintergrund.Weitere Transportpfade beeinflussen die Zusammensetzung der UTLS über dem Pazifik im Sommer: i) quasi-horizontales Mischen über den Subtropenjet ii) konvektiver Eintrag tropischer Taifune, die in die Extratropen wandern können iii) Wettersysteme der mittleren Breiten. Bei PHILEAS ist geplant, die relative Bedeutung verschiedener Prozesse für die Gasphasen und Aerosolzusammensetzung der UTLS zu untersuchen. Dabei soll insbesondere die dynamische und chemische Entwicklung ehemaliger AMA Filamente untersucht werden, die sich von der AMA abgespalten haben und über dem Pazifik aus der Troposphäre in die Stratosphäre übergehen.Insgesamt ergeben sich drei Hauptthemen, die die PHILEAS Mission motivieren:1) Welche Haupttransportpfade, Zeitskalen und Prozesse dominieren den Transport aus der AMA in die unterste Stratosphäre?2) Wie entwickeln sich Zusammensetzung der Gasphase und der Aerosole während des Transports speziell durch die 'shed eddies'?3) Welche Bedeutung hat der Prozess der Wirbelablösung für das globale Budget der UTLS speziell von H2O und infrarot-aktiven Substanzen?
Conductivity-temperature-depth profiles were measured using a Seabird SBE 911plus CTD during RV HEINCKE cruise HE680. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus), conductivity (SBE4) and oxygen (SBE43) as well as one sensor for pressure (SBE9plus). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer and an altimeter (PSA-916 Teledyne (Benthos)) were mounted to the CTD. Temperature, conductivity and oxygen sensors are calibrated by the manufacturer once a year before being mounted in January. They are used throughout the year and no post-cruise or in-situ calibration is applied. All other sensors are calibrated irregularly. Data were connected to the station book of the specific cruise as available in the DSHIP database. Processing of the data including removal of obvious outliers followed the procedures described in CTD Processing Logbook of RV HEINCKE (hdl:10013/epic.47427). The processing report for this dataset is linked below.
This database expands the Poulton et al., 2018 (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.888182) database of pelagic calcium carbonate (CP) rate measurements from isotopic tracer uptake in incubated discrete water samples, as discussed in Daniels et al., 2018 (doi:10.5194/essd-10-1859-2018), and accompanies Marsh et al. (in prep.). The database now includes more CP (new data n = 400; complete database n = 3165), net primary production rate (PP) (new data n = 399; complete database n = 3150), total coccolithophore cell counts (new data n = 240; complete database n = 1512), and Emiliania huxleyi cell counts (new data n = 27; complete database n = 612). This expanded database maintains the record of data, including the principal investigator, expedition, OS region, doi reference (where available), collection date and year, sample ID, latitude, longitude, sampling and light depth, and method of measuring CP. We further expand the Poulton et al. (2018) data collection by including ancillary and environmental data, including: optical depth (OD, n = 3165), pHtotal (hereinafter referred to as pHT, n = 398), temperature (n = 1160), salinity (n = 1161), and the concentrations of chlorophyll a (n = 1363), NOx (NO3 or the sum of NO3 + NO2, n = 1161), silicic acid (Si(OH)4, n= 1156), phosphate (PO4, n = 1232), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, n = 318), total alkalinity (TA, n = 307), bicarbonate ion concentration (n = 349), and carbonate ion concentration (n = 352). All data was matched to CP, sample bottle identifiers (Niskin bottle numbers), and/or sampling depth values. This global database (81 °N - 64 °S, 132 °E - 174 °W) now covers expeditions and upper ocean measurements (0 - 193 m) from 1989 to 2024. Global in-situ geolocated data spanning time is valuable for modelling, satellite algorithms, and capturing calcium carbonate production in the global ocean. This expanded database, including the environmental, nutrient, chlorophyll a, and carbonate chemistry data, also allows for analysis of factors influencing calcium carbonate production on a global scale. This data amalgamation contributes to understanding the biogeochemistry of the oceans, global carbon cycle, and ocean acidification.
This data set was recorded by permanently installed above-water radiometry onboard RV HEINCKE. Five TriOS instruments are installed at the top of the foremast: one irradiance sensor (ACC) to measure the incoming solar irradiance as a reference, 2 radiometers (ARC) to measure the incoming sky radiance, 2 radiometers (ARC) to measure the sea-surface leaving radiance. One set of radiometers is pointed to 45° starboard and the other to 45° port. The data were recorded with the MSDA-XE software in 15s interval and transferred via cloud. The data were then reformatted and processed with the community processor HyperCP. Ancillary data was taken from the mastertrack and Insightics DSHIP extraction. Data were processed for coastal conditions using sky/sunglint correction by Zhang et al. (2017), NIR residual correction using Ruddick et al. 2006, and BRDF correction based on IOP-based approach by Lee.
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