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Nationale und internationale Hochwasserschutzpolitik am Rhein. Eine Mehrebenen-Politikfeldanalyse

Die Hochwasserereignisse im Dezember 1993 und Januar 1995 am Rhein, Juli/August 1997 an der Oder sowie im August 2002 an der Elbe und die hervorgerufenen Schäden haben in Deutschland zu der Erkenntnis geführt, dass baulich-technische Hochwasserschutzmaßnahmen nicht ausreichen, sondern dass ein vorsorgeorientiertes, die Ziele einer dauerhaft umweltgerechten Entwicklung verfolgendes Hochwassermanagement erforderlich ist. Dazu zählen der technische Hochwasserschutz, die weitergehende Hochwasservorsorge und die Flächenvorsorge zum natürlichen Rückhalt als vorbeugender Hochwasserschutz. Allerdings treten Defizite bei der Operationalisierung dieser politischen Ziele und Strategien auf der Umsetzungsebene auf. Es bleibt bisher die Frage unbeantwortet, ob es sich dabei um Regelungs- oder Vollzugsdefizite handelt. Das Forschungsvorhaben am Institut für Forst- und Umweltpolitik verfolgt das Ziel, die Bedingungen für die Implementation von existierenden politischen Initiativen zum vorbeugenden Hochwasserschutz zu untersuchen. Bedeutsam für die Untersuchung ist dabei die Betrachtung von Akteuren der verschiedenen politischen Ebenen und Sektoren im Durchführungsprozess, deren Kommunikations- und Machtstrukturen sowie der eingesetzten Instrumente, um hieraus Erkenntnisse über die politische Steuerung und deren Wirkung gewinnen zu können. Die Politikfeldanalyse sieht den Vergleich der Hochwasserschutzpolitik der Bundesländer Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz und Baden-Württemberg vor und wird unter Verwendung von Methoden der qualitativen Sozialforschung durchgeführt. Im Ergebnis sollen Effizienzfaktoren ermittelt und schließlich Handlungsempfehlungen für die Implementation von ressort- und grenzübergreifenden Planungsprozessen in komplexen politischen Systemen abgeleitet werden.

ERA-NET - Development of test methods for non wood small-scale combustion plants

Non wood fuels for small-scale furnaces have attracted increasing interest in several European countries. New technological approaches are on the way, but the verification of any such developments is difficult and there is a large uncertainty about testing procedures and equipment. While for wood combustion standardized European measuring regulations are available and broadly applied, the testing of cereal fuel combustion is generally not following a commonly accepted procedure. Consequently the results of such measurements are not fully comparable. This applies particularly for the international level, which is here of particular relevance due to the fact that a combustion technology development for a niche application can only be economically viable if a sufficiently large marketing area can be taken into focus. The overall objective of the proposal is therefore to contribute through research to the development of uniform and comparable European procedures for testing of small-scale boilers up to a power out of 300 kW for solid biomass from agriculture like straw pellets and energy grain. The driving forces and barriers will be worked out; existing legal regulation for the installation (approval by the local authorities) in the participating countries will be collected. The state of the art of the non wood biomass boiler technology will be identified; the need for standardized tests for type approval tests and the measures to establish a European Standard will be shown. Measurement methods with special emphasis on efficiency and emissions will be worked out and the requirements and specifications of test fuels will be proposed. Test runs will be carried out following preliminary test procedures based on existing European standards for wood boilers. Based on the results of these test runs a draft for a Europe-wide uniform test procedure will be proposed. Preparatory work for a European standardization process including a round robin test will be done.

Projekt-EXI: WSSP - Risikomanagement im Wassen-, Sanitär-und Mikroplastikbereich in der Balkanregion

EnStadt: QUARREE100: Resiliente, integrierte und systemdienliche Energieversorgungssysteme im städtischen Bestandsquartier unter vollständiger Integration erneuerbarer Energien - Reallabor Rüsdorfer Camp, Entwicklung eines systemischen Datenmanagements und digitale Vernetzung

Mit dem Projekt verfolgt die Vater Holding GmbH die folgenden Ziele innerhalb des Gesamtverbunde QUARREE100: - Entwicklung eines systemischen und dezentralen Datenmanagements - Konzeption der Einbindung der verschiedenen Geräte und Anlagenteile in das Datennetz - Konzeption der digitalen Vernetzung unter den Aspekten der Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit.

OPERA - OnderzoeksProgramma Eindberging Radioactief Afval, Work package 7, Scenario development and Performance Assessment - OPERA Performance Assessment Project (OPAP-I)

In September 2009, the third Research Programme for the Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste (OnderzoeksProgramma Eindberging Radioactief Afval, or OPERA) 2011-2016 was initiated. The aim of the research programme is to evaluate the existing safety and feasibility studies (the Safety Case). For many industrial risk-bearing activities it is required to review the permits and accompanying safety analyses on a regular basis (every 5 to 10 years). This review is made using new insights and looks at possible modifications to company management. The reviews conducted regarding the feasibility and safety of geological disposal for radioactive waste are now over 10 to 20 years old; it is important to periodically re-evaluate them and take into account new developments. In work package 7, Scenario development and Performance Assessment, ten tasks are defined. All methods and instruments that are required for the safety assessments in the Safety Case are defined, developed and documented. For these safety assessments, scenarios need to be identified and represented. The OPAP-I project will define and build the technical and methodological backbone that enables the safety assessment of the OPERA Safety Case. The OPAP-I project covers all six tasks of WP7 tendered in the 1st Call and forms a consistent package that efficiently addresses the links between all tasks. The project will be executed by an international, interdisciplinary consortium of NRG, TNO, SCK-CEN and GRS, which many years of experience will guarantees the successful application of state-of-the-art methodologies. The project is structured in a way that it enables the integration of the scientific results of all supporting OPERA WPs and translates these results into the technical format necessary to execute PA calculations. The main outcome of the OPAP-I project will be a list of safety and performance indicators and their accompanying probability distributions, calculated for all scenarios. This list enables the OPERA programme to make a statement on the longterm safety of a future disposal of radioactive waste in Boom Clay. Task 7.1.1 Scenario development - Task 7.1.2 Scenario representation - Task 7.2.1 PA model for radionuclide migration in Boom Clay - Task 7.3.1 Safety and Performance Indicators calculation methodology - Task 7.3.2 Methods for the uncertainty analysis - Task 7.3.3 Safety assessment calculations.

FP6-SUSTDEV, Sustainable Consumption Policies Efficiency Evaluation (SCOPE2)

The main goal of this project is to analyse how policy instruments can support greening of the markets and stimulate more sustainable consumption patterns by individuals and households. From the extensive insight of SERI, Lund University IIIEE and TNO with other projects on Integrated Product Policy, Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) and Sustainable Transitions, it is crystal clear that simple policy approaches will not work. Consumers are often not as sovereign as thought, since their behaviour is shaped by a multitude of factors they cannot influence. Many sustainable business initiatives have died out in silence due to a lack of reward in the market or lack of consumer acceptance. And where simple, direct interventions like regulation or financial instruments sometimes are successful, they can also appear to be too crude, or even inadequate, when the sustainability problem is caused by 'lock-in' problems or other market failures. We therefore propose the following division in WPs so that the project looks at policy instruments and business initiatives from a systemic, holistic perspective: 1. Inventory and assessment of policy instruments, 2. Inventory and assessment of business initiatives, 3. Analysis of theories on innovation, governance and change of consumer behaviour for SCP, 4. Analysis of gaps and barriers for implementation (e.g. geographical and sectoral: where are proven instruments not yet applied? Or systemic/holistic: how should instruments be used in a more coherent way, or which new types of instruments should be applied, to realise the type of long term and significant changes that are related to the SCP agenda? Etc.), 5. Developing guidelines and recommendations on SCP policy. The consortium is already involved in most major SCP projects at national, European and global level and hence can create excellent leverage and connections with e.g. the UN 10 Year framework of Programs on SCP, etc. Prime Contractor: The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO); Delft; Netherlands.

Entwicklung eines miniaturisierten Schmelzsicherungssystems für moderne Leiterplatten mit individuell abgestimmtem Auslösungsverhalten zur gleichzeitigen Verbesserung der Gerätesicherheit und Verminderung des Bleieintrages in die Umwelt

Ziel ist die Entwicklung einer thermisch auslösenden Sicherung zu niedrigsten Kosten als integriertem Bestandteil moderner Leiterplatten. Im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Schmelzsicherungen zielt die Entwicklung darauf ab, elektrische Systeme und/oder Schaltungskreise zuverlässig bei Auftreten definierter Überlasten mit individuell abgestimmter Kennlinie abzuschalten, um damit Gefahren für Menschen, Anlagen und die Umwelt abzuwenden. Damit erhält dieser neue Sicherungstyp folgende Merkmale: bisherige Lötstellen für die Sicherungen werden verzichtbar: ökologische Vorteile; beträchtliche Kosteneinsparungen in der Fertigung definierte und eng tolerierte individuelle Absicherung der elektronischen Schaltung hochdivers in allen lastrelevanten Stufen und Verzweigungen ermöglichen eines beträchtlichen Zugewinns an Geräte-Betriebssicherheit und nachhaltige Verbesserung der Schadensverhütung (Brandgefahr, Personen- und Sachschäden, ökologische Folgeschäden). Die Auslösungsgründe liegen in der Verfolgung des Ziels, den Gebrauch und Einsatz von gefährlichen Stoffen weiter zu reduzieren (RoHS-Richtlinie), Kosten in der Elektronik-Fertigung einzudämmen (Know-how-Gewinn, hiesige Arbeitsplätze) und die Gerätesicherheit signifikant zu erhöhen. Mit der eingeleiteten und von der DBU geförderten Entwicklung konnte gezeigt werden, dass wesentliche Funktionen des Überstromschutzes auf einer Standard-Leiterplatte realisiert werden können, und dass elementare Grundlagen der Sicherungstechnik auf Leiterbahnsicherungen angewandt werden können. Damit kann der industriellen Leiterplatten- und Elektronikfertigung im Ansatz eine neue Technologie in Aussicht gestellt werden, die der fortschreitenden Miniaturisierung einerseits und der Erhöhung der Gerätesicherheit bei gleichzeitig reduzierten Kosten und erhöhtem Umweltnutzen andererseits Rechnung trägt.

FP6-SUSTDEV, Sustainable Water management Improves Tomorrow's Cities'Health (SWITCH)

Context: With increasing global change pressures, and due to existing limitations, and un-sustainability factors and risks of conventional urban water management (UWM), cities experience difficulties in efficiently managing the ever scarcer water resources, their uses/services, and their after-use disposal, without creating environmental, social and/or economic damage. In order to meet these challenges, SWITCH calls for a paradigm shift in UWM. There is a need to convert adhoc actions (problem/incident driven) into a coherent and consolidated approach (sustainability driven). This calls for an IP Approach. Research conceptSWITCH therefore proposes an action research project which has as a main objective: The development, application and demonstration of a range of tested scientific, technological and socio-economic solutions and approaches that contribute to the achievement of sustainable and effective UWM schemes in 'The City of the future'.The project will be implemented by different combinations of consortium partners, along the lines of seven complementary and interactive themes. The research approach is innovative for the combination of: action research: address problems through innovation based upon involvement of users.learning alliances: to link up stakeholders to interact productively and to create win-win solutions along the water chain; multiple-way learning: European cities learn from each other and from developing countries, and vice versa.multiple-level or integrated approach: to consider the urban water system and its components (city level) in relation to its impacts on, and dependency of, the natural environment in the river basin (river basin level), and in relation to Global Change pressures (global level).Instruments and scopeAn IP with 30 partners, their resources, and a total budget of 25,191,396 EURO including budget for demonstration activities in 9 Cities in Europe and developing countries. Prime Contractor: UNESCO - Institute for Water Education, Delf, Netherlands.

Competence network for genome research on bacteria for the environment, agriculture, and biotechnology, Cluster C. glutamicum (at Bielefeld University); the regulation of phosphate metabolism in C. glutamicum and lipid synthesis: The identification of regulators and regulatory metabolites

Phosphorous (P) is an essential component of all cells. P assimilation occurs mainly in the form of phosphate via the reactions of the energy and carbon metabolism. Therefore, the P metabolism is closely intertwined with the energy and the central carbon metabolism: only with sufficient P supply an optimal energy and carbon metabolism is possible. As the latter generates precursor metabolites for the biosynthesis of amino acids, the interplay of P and C metabolism is of particular importance in amino acid producing Corynebacterium glutamicum. The Institute of Biotechnology 1 at the Research Center Jülich successfully worked on the biochemical and genetic characterisation of the main amino acid biosynthesis pathways in C. glutamicum as well as on the central carbon metabolism. Moreover, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies and stable isotope labeling techniques, in vivo activities of single enzymes and pathways were quantified. These informations were used to optimize amino acid production with C. glutamicum (metabolic design, Sahm et al. 2000). Within the project, the P metabolism and its regulation shall be characterized in depth using the genome sequence of C. glutamicum. The phosphate stimulon of C. glutamicum will be defined using DNA microarray technology. Among this group of genes showing differential expression in dependence of phosphate availability, genes of the energy and central carbon metabolism will be of particular interest. In Jülich, the equipment for the generation and application of DNA microarrays is available as well as expertise to use this key technology for genome-wide expression analyses in E. coli (Zimmer et al. 2000). A parallel approach will focus on unraveling the molecular mechanism(s) of phosphate regulation with particular emphasis on two-component regulatory sytems, which in E. coli and B. subtilis play central roles in this regulation. Regarding the analysis of genetic regulatory mechanisms, extensive experience has been gained for the genetic and biochemical characterization of two-component sytems in enterobacteria (Kaspar et al. 1999).

Environmentally Compatible Air Transport Systems (ECATS- Network of Excellence)

The Network of Excellence, ECATS, will be a durable and long lasting means of cooperation and communication within Europe, made up of a number of leading Research Establishments and Universities who have expertise in the field of aeronautics and the environment. ECATS's vision is to contribute to the environmental goals of the Vision 2020 for Aeronautics and the Strategic Research Agenda. The overall goals of ECATS are to create a European Virtual Institute for research of environmental compatible air transport; to develop and maintain durable means for cooperation and communication within Europe and to strengthen Europe's excellence and its role of the influence in the international community. The Joint Research Programme will take into account engine technology, alternative fuels, aviations impact on air quality, operational aspects of aviation, and the development of scenarios. Lasting integration will be achieved by joint management and working structures, joint-decision making processes and will be supported through specific integration activities as a common web-based information and communication system, common education, training and exchange programmes, coordinated use of facilities and equipment, dissemination and joint management of innovation. The excellence and commitment of the ECATS partners, many of whom are already linked through their participation in AERONET, will guarantee an effective and durable integration. Support by community funding will be applied for a period of 5 years. FZK is concentrating on activities in the area of airport air quality.

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