The continuous agricultural soil monitoring program (BDF) by the Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture, and Geology (LfULG) is operational since 1995, collecting and analysing samples periodically from 60 monitoring sites across Saxony, Germany. This dataset provides physicochemical soil property data for 920 archive samples available from the Saxon soil information system FIS Boden, including soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, various total and extractable elemental contents, soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and particle size distribution. Additional soil physical data (bulk density, soil water retention) have been merged from undisturbed sample data, resulting in a total of 123 variables, though with varying availability. This dataset provides the majority of reference data for the mid-infrared soil spectral library for agricultural soils in Saxony, Germany.
Der WMS umfasst von Eutrophierung beeinflusste Parameter, die an Messstationen des LLUR erfasst werden. Parameter: Chlorophyll a, Nährstoffkonzentrationen, Sichttiefe, Makrophyten, Sauerstoffgehalt, Sauerstoffsättigungsindex und Stickstoffrachten aus den Flussgebietseinheiten.
As part of PhytOakmeter platform (www.phytoakmeter.de), soil chemical parameters were determined in 2016, 2020 and 2022. Soil pH was measured using a glass electrode in a 1:2.5 soil-to-0.01 M CaCl2 suspension after one hour of equilibration. Gravimetric soil moisture was assessed with a fully automated moisture analyzer (DBS60-3, KERN & SOHN GmbH, Balingen, Germany), here defined as soil moisture (MOI). Total nitrogen (TN) and total carbon (TC) contents in the soil were analyzed in triplicate through dry combustion using a Vario elemental analyzer (EL III, Elementar, Hanau, Germany), and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (TC/TN) was subsequently calculated from these values. To evaluate the potentially bioavailable soil organic carbon and nitrogen for microbial activity, hot water-extractable carbon and nitrogen (HWC and HWN, respectively) were determined following the methods of Ghani et al. (2003) and Schulz et al. (2011). Additionally, the labile organic carbon and nitrogen easily decomposable by soil microorganisms were measured as cold water-extractable carbon (CWC) and nitrogen (CWN) based on procedures described by Zsolnay (1996), Zakharova et al. (2015), and Schmidt et al. (2017). Ammonium and nitrate (NH4±N and NO3—N, respectively) were quantified, with their sum representing the total mineral nitrogen content (Nmin).
Es handelt sich um eutrophierungsrelevante, überprüfte Daten von 2003 bis 2010.
Within the framework of MOSES (Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems) and ElbeXtreme, we performed three longitudinal sampling campaigns in the Elbe catchment in 2024. The campaigns covered the German freshwater part, the tidal Elbe river, and the German Bight. Here we present the results of the freshwater river where the sampling was conducted in a Langrangian way according to flow velocity. Physico-chemical and biological parameters were measured along the Elbe from bridges between Bad Schandau (km 12, Czech-German border) and Lauenburg (km 570, close to Hamburg). A particular scientific focus was on (1) nutrients and eutrophication, (2) composition of dissolved organic matter measured by high-resolution mass spectrometry, (3) greenhouse gas measurements, and (4) micropollutants. This was done during a winter flood event in January, a summer drought in July, and a second smaller flood in September 2024.
Der Klimawandel bewirkt auch eine Erwärmung des Bodens, wodurch es zu einem verstärkten Abbau der organischen Substanz kommt. Dies könnte zu einem der stärksten Feedback-Mechanismen des Klimawandels werden, da durch diesen Prozess große Mengen CO2 emittiert würden. Ob tatsächlich Böden in sämtlichen Ökosysteme bei anhaltender Erwärmung zu Netto-CO2 Quellen werden, ist allerdings umstritten und sehr unsicher. Die am Umsatz der organischen Substanz beteiligten biogeochemischen Prozesse, und deren Änderung durch Erwärmung sind nicht im Detail verstanden. Dies liegt vor allem an den Schwierigkeiten der experimentellen Umsetzung von Bodenerwärmung. Besonders über lange Zeiträume, sowie in Unterböden, gibt es global kaum Beobachtungen zur Wirkung von Bodenerwärmung. Gerade ersteres erschwert die Abschätzung von neuen Gleichgewichtszuständen. Auch sogenannte Kipppunkte sind mit einer einzigen Erwärmungsstufe nicht zu ermitteln. Im Projekt AWESOME soll ein natürlicher (geothermaler) Erwärmungsgradient im kanadischen Yukon Territory genutzt werden, um wesentliche Erkenntnisse über die komplexen Wirkungen von Erwärmung auf die Interkation zwischen autotrophen und heterotrophen Organismen und der Mineralphase zu gewinnen. Erste Ergebnisse aus Voruntersuchungen zeigten, dass sich in dem geothermal erwärmten Boden unter subarktischem Laubwald Kohlenstoff um bis zu 22% reduziert war, während der Gesamtstickstoff im Boden unverändert blieb. Dabei kam es allerdings zu einer Stabilisierung des Stickstoffs in organischer Substanz an der Mineralphase. Vier Erwärmungsstufen mit einer Temperaturspanne von 8°C sind bereits etabliert und ein in-situ Mikrokosmenexperiment mit isotopisch markierter Streu wurde bereits im Sommer 2019 gestartet. Ein grundlegend verbessertes Verständnis dieser Beobachtungen und der Wirkung von jahrhundertelanger Erwärmung im Boden auf Umsetzungsprozesse der organischen Bodensubstanz soll durch dieses Projekt gewonnen werden. Sowohl Veränderungen der Vegetation und des Kohlenstoffeintrags, als auch der mikrobiellen Physologie, Gemeinschaft, deren Anpassung sowie der Qualität der organischen Bodensubstanz stehen im Fokus. Änderungen der Hydrologie (Bodenfeuchte) sowie der Mineralogie (Verwitterung) sollen als erklärende Variablen ebenfalls über den gesamten Erwärmungsgradienten abgebildet werden. Mit Hilfe mehrerer Kooperationspartner, modernsten Methoden der bodenkundlichen und mikrobiellen Forschung sowie einem idealen Versuchsstandort soll das Projekt AWESOME wichtige Fortschritte in einem zentralen Zukunftsthema liefern. Die Ergebnisse werden schließlich in Bezug zu einem weiteren geothermalen Erwärmungsexperiment auf Island gesetzt, um Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten herauszuarbeiten.
This dataset provides information on soil chemistry and soil bulk density as part of the Grassworks project, which investigates the restoration of species-rich grasslands in Germany. Grasslands are globally threatened ecosystems, and the project aims to identify factors that contribute to successful restoration, focusing on ecological complexity and stakeholder engagement. Data was collected from 187 grassland sites across three regions in Northern, Central, and Southern Germany, each with distinct socio-economic and ecological characteristics. Sampling occurred between 2022 and 2023 and included 40–41 restored grassland sites and 20–25 reference sites (10–12 positive, 10–13 negative) per region. At each site in March or early April at each vegetation plot per subtransect, we took soil samples (pooled from six soil cores, 20 mm diameter) that were further pooled into one sample per site (24 in total) and analyzed for total soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen content, pH, and soil texture. Additionally, soil bulk density was measured at vegetation plots per site, to enable future assessment of carbon sequestration over time. Soil and bulk density samples were taken at two depths: 0–10 and 10–30 cm.
The Lower Saxony Water Management, Coastal and Nature Protection Agency regularly monitors nutrient concentrations (including silicates, nitrate, and phosphate) and other physico-chemical parameters such as temperature and salinity in the East Frisian Wadden Sea. This dataset provides detailed data on physical and chemical properties in the East Frisian Wadden Sea surface waters from 2019 to 2022. A total of 17 stations are sampled from a monthly to weekly frequency. Water samples are taken at the surface with a bucket, and kept in 5L canisters to be stored in the cold and dark until analysis. The analysis of nutrients followed the procedures for seawater analysis given by Grasshoff et al. (1976). Dissolved nutrients, such as orthophosphate, nitrate, nitrite and silicate, were measured photometrically. Total nitrogen and phosphorus concentration were estimated by digesting total nutrients using heat and pressure, or in microwave with peroxodisulfate. The pH, salinity, and temperature were measured using a multisensor.
To investigate subsurface features in the Lower Havel River floodplain, we conducted Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) transects and Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) surveys at three different depths in 2023 and 2024. These near surface geophysical methods were complemented by 24 driving core drillings to relate the electrical properties with sedimentological characteristics. Additionally, five selected sediment cores were used for subsequent geochemical lab analyses (grain size, CNS, TOC, TIC). Electromagnetic induction (EMI) was measured with a CMD-Mini Explorer (GF Instruments s.r.o., Brno, Czech Republic) in June 2023 and June 2024. We used the vertical dipole (VDP) at coil spacings of 0.32 m (VDP1), 0.71 m (VDP2) and 1.18 m (VDP3), archieving effective penetration depths of 0.5 m (VDP1), 1.0 m (VDP2) and 1.8 m (VDP3). According to the manufacturer, 70% of the signal originate from above these depths. The EMI sensors measure the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa, in mS/m). Measurements were taken by carrying the instrument about 0.2 m above ground while being directly connected to D-GPS (Leica GPS1200) for positioning. The acquisition rate was five measurements per second. Data quality was checked by measuring a reference line before and after each measurement. The area investigated by EMI in June 2023 is located to the north and northeast of the Gülpe research station. It has a total area of 12.3 ha. The reference line was located in the southern part of the study area. No drift correction had to be applied due to good data quality. Reference lines and single outliers were removed. The area investigated by EMI in June 2024 is located southeast of the research station. The survey area there is 8.1 ha in size. The reference line for the measurements there was located in the north-westernmost area of the site. No drift correction had to be applied due to good data quality. Reference lines and single outliers were removed. The Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) data were acquired by using a PC controlled DC resistivity meter system (RESECS, Geoserve, Kiel, Germany). In total, we measured four ERT transects. Two transects in June 2023, where transect 1 had a total length of 259 m with an electrode spacing of 0.5 m and transect 2 had a total length of 223 m with an electrode spacing of 1 m. The measurements in 2023 were carried out under extreme dry conditions. Two further transects were measured in June 2024 with an electrode spacing of 1m, transect 3 with a total length of 207 m and transect 4 with a total length of 239 m. We applied wenner alpha and dipol-dipol configuration. The coordinates and the height of the electrodes were measured with a D-GPS (2023: TOPCON HiPer II / 2024: Leica GPS1200). Sediment cores were recovered using a hand-held Cobra Pro (Atlas Copco) core drilling system with a 60 mm diameter open corer. One-meter segments were retrieved and assessed in the field for sedimentological features, including estimations of grain size, carbonate content, humus content, and redox features (AG Boden 2005, 2024). Colour descriptions were carried out using the Munsell Soil Color Chart. The exact positions of the drilling points were recorded using a differential GPS device (TOPCON HiPer II). The cores were photographed, documented and sampled at 5–10 cm intervals for subsequent laboratory analyses. Bulk samples from five selected cores (RK1, RK3, RK13, RK15, RK17) were freeze-dried, sieved (2 mm), and weighed. Total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and total sulfur (TS) contents were measured using a CNS analyzer (Vario EL cube, Elementar). Inorganic carbon (TIC) was determined using calcimeter measurements (Scheibler method, Eijkelkamp). Organic carbon (TOC) was calculated as TOC = TC − TIC. For the grain size analyses, sediment samples were first sieved to <2 mm and subsamples of 10 g were treated with 50 ml of 35% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and gently heated to remove organic matter. Following this, 10 ml of 0.4 N sodium pyrophosphate solution (Na₄P₂O₇) was added to disperse the particles, and the suspension was subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 45 minutes. The sand fraction was analysed by dry sieving and classified into four size classes: coarse sand (2000–630 µm), medium sand (630–200 µm), fine sand (200–125 µm), and very fine sand (125–63 µm). Finer fractions were determined using X-ray granulometry (XRG) with a SediGraph III 5120 (Micromeritics). These included coarse silt (63–20 µm), medium silt (20–6.3 µm), fine silt (6.3–2.0 µm), coarse clay (2.0–0.6 µm), medium clay (0.6–0.2 µm), and fine clay (<0.2 µm).
The Sternfahrt-10 of the MOSES campaign, from 29th August until the 15th of September 2023, had two objectives. One was to follow the dispersion of pollutants transported by the Elbe water into the North Sea, previously observed during the Elbe-Freshwater and Elbe-Tidal cruises. And second the distribution of the Elbe water within the German Bight. Therefore, drifter groups were deployed to follow individual water parcels. Those drifters were followed subsequently by three ships (RV Ludwig Prandtl, RV Littorina, RV Mya II), to extend the time period of measurements. Along the tracks, water samples were taken close to the drifters, alternatively at stations from previous cruises, resulting in 12 to 24 sampling points per week. In terms to detect the concentration of a variety of nutrients and carbon compounds from the south-eastern North Sea up to the island Amrum. Additionally, basic hydrographic parameters and greenhouse gases were sampled continuously throughout the whole cruise. Those results are not part of the present dataset, but can be found here, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971874. To ensure the comparability of the measured parameters a transportable container laboratory was passed from ship to ship always equipped with the same sensor systems. Just for specific water samples some special equipment was added. A map of the different tracks as well as information about the used sensors and data treatment, you can find in the additional material. For more detailed information about the MOSES Project and the cruise Sternfahrt-10, see the article cited in references.
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