Das Projekt "Rapid Paleoenvironmental Changes in the McMurdo Sound Region Recorded in Sediments: High-Resolution XRF-Scanning, ICP-MS analysis and physical-properties logging at ANDRILL Site MIS (IPY)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung - Fachbereich Geowissenschaften durchgeführt. During the ANDRILL-MIS project, for the first time, a 1000 m thick Plio-Pleistocene sediment sequence will be drilled from underneath the Ross McMurdo Ice Shelf (Antarctica). The variations of the ice shelf are controlled by the natural dynamic of the Antarctic ice sheets, by sea level fluctuations and by direct response of the ice shelf to climate changes. Geological evidence of ice shelf variations in the past is proposed being documented in different sediment facies in a 900 m deep moat basin under the ice. On the MIS core we propose high-resolution measurements of elemental concentrations and sediment physical properties using an XRF-core scanner and a multi-sensor core logger, respectively. In combination with geochemical and sediment-component investigations on discrete samples we will provide a calibrated high-resolution multivariable data-set for complex interpretations of paleoenvironmental changes from full glacial to open marine conditions during super-warm interglacials. Signals generated during sedimentation should be discriminated from provenance signals. Our major goal is a better understanding of the long-term evolution and stability of the Ross Ice Shelf as important part of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet for assessing future impacts of Antarctic ice masses on sea level and global oceanic circulation in times of rapid global climate change.
Das Projekt "Structure and Functions of Agricultural Landscapes under Global Climate Change - Processes and Projections on a Regional Scale ('Regional Climate Change'); Application of Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy for parameterisation of soil carbon turnover models on a regional scale" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Tropische Agrarwissenschaften (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institut), Fachgebiet Pflanzenbau in den Tropen und Subtropen (490e) durchgeführt. Changing climatic conditions and linked land use changes are expected to alter carbon dynamics in the soil and hence the role of soil carbon as a sink or source for atmospheric carbon dioxide. Environmental factors, such as soil temperature, play an important role in soil carbon dynamics including several feedback mechanisms. The understanding and modelling of these feedback mechanisms at regional scale is challenging, due to large spatial heterogeneity of soil and plant production systems. In addition, physical-chemical determination and characterisation of soil organic carbon pools to parameterise soil models is costly and time consuming and thus unsuitable for large numbers of samples required at regional scale. Hence, the current study will develop new methods to parameterise soil organic carbon dynamics models at regional scale. An innovative approach will be the determination and characterisation of soil carbon pools using mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) coupled with thermo-analysis (TGA/DTA-DSC). Apart from estimating the size of soil carbon pools, their decomposition rates will be assessed, facilitating prediction of soil C dynamics at regional scale. A validated soil carbon model will, in conjunction with Expert-N modelling software and a coupled high resolution atmosphere climate model, facilitate prediction of soil C dynamics under changing climatic conditions in Southwest Germany.
Das Projekt "Klimawandel und Gerechtigkeit - Klimawandel und Armut - Klimawandel und Gerechtigkeit: Klimapolitik als Baustein einer gerechten Globalisierung und nachhaltigen Armutsbekämpfung" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung e.V. durchgeführt. The main aim of the project is to study connections and interactions between the avoidance of dangerous climate change and global poverty from an interdisciplinary perspective. The basis for the study is an analysis of the consequences of climate change for developing nations, and especially for the poor both globally and in particular regions. The analysis will concentrate on certain key problem areas in which climate change and the poverty question are particularly closely interwoven: the security of food resources, energy supply and water availability.
Das Projekt "Global Climate Change Impact on Built Heritage and Cultural Landscapes (NOAHS ARK)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche durchgeführt. Climate change over the next 100 years will likely have a range of direct and indirect effects on the natural and material environment, including the historic built environment. Important changes will include alterations in temperature, precipitation, extreme climatic events, soil conditions, groundwater and sea level. Some processes of building decay will be accelerated or worsened by climate change, while others will be delayed. The impacts on individual processes can be described, but it is difficult to assess the overall risk posed by climate change using currently available data . Linking global changes to the response of material surfaces of archaeological and historic structures remains a challenge. The objectives of the NOAH'S ARK Project are: - To determine the meteorological parameters and changes most critical to the built cultural heritage. - To research, predict and describe the effects of climate change on Europe's built cultural heritage over the next 100 years. - To develop mitigation and adaptation strategies for historic buildings, sites, monuments and materials that are likely to be worst affected by climate change effects and associated disasters. - To disseminate information on climate change effects and the optimum adaptation strategies for adoption by Europe's cultural heritage managers through a conference and guidelines. - To provide electronic information sources and tools, including web-based Climate Risk Maps and a Vulnerability Atlas for heritage managers to assess the threats of climate change in order to visualize the built heritage and cultural landscape under future climate scenarios and model the effects of different adaptation strategies. - To advise policy-makers and legislators through the project's Policy Advisory Panel. The results will allow the prediction of the impact of climate and pollution on cultural heritage and investigation of future climate scenarios on a European scale.
Das Projekt "Eco-change index (ECI): Development and use of methods in ecosystem evaluation" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft durchgeführt. Rationale: Present plant/forest communities are the result of long-term interactions between vegetation and site factors including man-made impacts. Thus, present vegetation deviates from its natural state, and even from its undisturbed state under present site conditions, to some extent. Hence, for more than fifty years people have tried to develop a method to estimate the man-made impacts on vegetation or the vegetation/ecosystem change. Project aims Hemeroby is often used to estimate the man-made impacts on the vegetation. It compares present vegetation with a reference vegetation/system, which can be (1) pristine vegetation or (2) present potential natural vegetation (PNV). However, it is nearly impossible to find pristine vegetation on the earth, especially in the developed regions with a long human history. On the other hand, PNV is very hypothetical. Hence, we try to develope a method using the field data directly and objectively to estimate the vegetation/ecosystem change in the past. Methods: Evolution never reaches a final state. The evolution of ecosystems is chiefly driven by the evolution of species and by environmental change including the man-made impacts. The global climate change and the human activity can change, creating new impulses for the evolution of the ecosystems and thus, reorganising their development. Hence, we hypothesize that the present state (PS) of vegetation/ecosystem under the present site conditions is deviated from its undisturbed state (UDS) in species composition and functioning of ecosystem. PS is based on the field data, whereas UDS will be inferred using the field data and mathematical models. More than 10 biotic and abiotic factors of ecosystems are used for the ECI calculation of PS and UDS. The differentiation of their ECI will be a quantitative indicator of vegetation/ecosystem change.
Das Projekt "Technology-Oriented Cooperation and Strategies in India and China: Reinforcing the EU dialogue with Developing Countries on Climate Change Mitigation (TOCSIN)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne durchgeführt. This research will evaluate climate change mitigation options in China and India and the conditions for a strategic cooperation on RD&D and technology transfer with EU. This project will identify and assess technology options that might significantly reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in China and India in key sectors (i.e. power generation, transport, agriculture, and heavy industry). It will also define the necessary institutional and organizational architecture that would stimulate technology cooperation. The research will emphasize the strategic dimension of RD&D cooperation, and the key role of creating incentives for the participation of developing countries (DCs) in post-2012 GHG emissions reduction strategies and technological cooperation. Finally it will evaluate how the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and international emission trading (IET) might improve the attractiveness of new energy technology options for DCs, and thus contribute to stimulate RD&D cooperation and technology transfers toward China and India. The research will be structured around the use of an ensemble of models that will be coupled together via advanced large scale mathematical programming techniques: (i) a World and regional (i.e. China and India) MARKAL/TIMES bottom-up techno-economic models permitting a global assessment of technology options in different regions of the world; (ii) a CGE multi-country and multi-region of the world economy (GEMINI-E3) that includes a representation of developing countries economies (i.e. China and India) permitting an assessment of welfare, terms of trade and emissions trading effects; (iii) a multi-region integrated model (WITCH) representing the effect on economic growth of technology competition in a global climate change mitigation context; (iv) a game theoretic framework that will be implemented to analyze self-enforcing agreements regarding abatement commitment and technological cooperation.
Das Projekt "ALPCHANGE - Klimawandel und Auswirkungen in südösterreichischen Hochgebirgsräumen" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Graz, Institut für Fernerkundung und Photogrammetrie durchgeführt. ALPCHANGE beschreibt quantitativ die durch den Klimawandel verursachte Landschaftsdynamik in alpinen Regionen Südösterreichs. Dies geschieht durch die integrative und umfassende Analyse aus Beobachtungsdaten der vier Landschaftsparameter Permafrost, Gletscher, Schnee und Geomorphologie. Diese Parameter reagieren zeitlich unterschiedlich auf geänderte Umweltbedingungen und liefern so Informationen in verschiedenen Zeitebenen: Schnee unmittelbar, Gletscher und geomorphologische Strukturen innerhalb von Jahren bis Jahrzehnten bzw. Permafrost innerhalb von Jahrzehnten bis Jahrhunderten. Diese Zusammenhänge werden mittels eines umfassenden Monitoring-Netzwerkes in den Hohen Tauern durchgeführt zum ersten Mal in Südösterreich. Die Interdisziplinarität dieses Forschungsansatzes Glaziologie, Hochgebirgsgeographie, Geophysik, Atmosphärenphysik, Geologie versammelt viele nationale wie auch internationale Institutionen in einer Arbeitsgemeinschaft. Wissenschaftler verschiedener Institute an der Universität Graz bzw. der Technischen Universität Graz sind seit Jahrzehnten in den Forschungsbereichen Klima- und Umweltwandel aktiv. ALPCHANGE ist unter anderem auch aus jenen Initiativen entstanden, die zur Gründung des Wegener Zentrums für Klima und Globalen Wandel (WegCenter) führten.
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