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Stable carbon isotopes in soils as indicators of environmental change

Soil degradation threatens human resources under current global change regime. As such, indicators for soil degradation are urgently needed to survey and monitor short term and long term impacts on soils. With this proposed study we aim to delineate indicators for soil erosion and carbon degradation during soil erosion in grassland and forest soils of the Alps qualitatively and quantitatively. The latter will be investigated at two test site in the Swiss Alps (Goms, Canton Valais and Val Piora, Canton Ticino) where data on 137Cs based erosion rates are already available. We further aim to develop a concept to use isotope depth profiles as well as ash contents as indicators for wetland disturbance (draining, nutrient input or climate change warming). In combining stable isotope profiles and ash content data we aim to quantify carbon degradation due to disturbance by draining or nutrient input. A gradient of wetlands ranging from the northern most Europe 200 km north of the polar cycle down to the Alps will be investigated to test our hypotheses.

Bestimmung der NOx-Quellstaerken aus GOME-Bildfolgen und atmosphaerischen Transportmodellen (NOXTRAM)

NOXTRAM soll globale Karten der troposphaerischen NO2-Saeulen, erstellt aufgrund von Satellitenmessungen der Instrumente GOME und SCIAMACHY, mit Transportmodellen kombinieren, um die globale Verteilung der Quellen von Stickoxiden abzuschaetzen. Dazu sollen zunaechst die Algorithmen zur Bestimmung der troposphaerischen NO2-Saeulen aus den spektralen Satellitendaten verbessert werden. Hiernach soll mittels der Transportmodelle FLEXTRA und FLEXPART auf die Quellen rueckgeschlossen werden. Dazu sollen sowohl Fallstudien, statistische Analysen als auch inverse Modellierungen gemacht werden.

FP4-ENV 2C, GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment) Data Interpretation Validation and Application

General Information: Experience with the space experiments similar to GOME (e.g. TOMS) has demonstrated the need for long term monitoring of the performance of the instrument in-flight calibration systems and validation of the data products. Errors in the data products from space experiments arise from a variety of factors: degradation of the instrument performance, instability of retrieval algorithms, changes in knowledge or assumptions about molecular absorption cross sections and atmospheric scattering parameters. The GODIVA proposal addresses specifically the need to monitor the behaviour of GOME and its data products. Advanced data products from GOME measurements are potentially of great importance for the European atmospheric, climate and meteorological user communities planning to use both GOME and OMI data. The second focus of this proposal aims to investigate the current status and develop further scientific algorithms suitable for later use in operational processing. The following potential GOME products have been selected for study in this project: global 03 vertical profiles, global NO2 columns, BrO and OCIO products, polar stratospheric clouds. In order to ensure effective use of the GOME data we incorporate a database facility and the EUMETSAT ozone SAF as partner in this project. The database facility already provides an established service to scientific and operational End Users. The European ozone SAF needs an operational OMI (GOME) data processing system to be ready by the year 2002. GODIVA will be an important step in achieving this objective. In conclusion this study will provide important information about the accuracy of existing and advanced products from the remote sensing instrument GOME and its successor OMI. It will improve the effective use of these data by scientific and operational (meteorological) end users. Prime Contractor: Space Research Organisation Netherlands; Utrecht; Netherlands.

FP4-ENV 2C, Satellite Based Environmental Monitoring of European Forests

General Information : The aim of this pilot project is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of harmonised and demonstrated satellite based methods for assessment of disturbances in European forests. The methods are developed to enable The EC/DGVI customer on the European level, and Forest Administrations on national level, to conduct long-term monitoring of effects caused by air pollution, climatic stress, insect attacks, storm, and fire damage. The implementation of proposed methods aims firstly at evaluate the possibility to complement or partly replace field inventories in the Level I forest plots, set up by EU/DGVI in a 16 x 16km grid. From statistical aggregation of Level I plot results, NUTS regions where local, area-covering monitoring is of interest can be identified. Secondly, harmonised local monitoring methodology will be demonstrated to local and national Forest Administrations in provincial NUTS regions within the four major European forest ecosystem regions. Using this conceptual framework, a system is created that enables sample based monitoring at the European level to a reduced cost, that provides a statistical basis supporting decisions on where to apply local area-covering surveys, and includes harmonized methods for local surveys. Methods using Landsat TM and SPOT data for assessment of the environmental problems addressed; air pollution effects, climatic stress, insect attacks, storm and fire damage have been evaluated in earlier efforts. However, the methods used in different European regions and climate zones need harmonising. Analysis and compilation of obtainable accuracies for the different damage types as compared to end user requirements is also needed. The project includes a minor element of methodological development evaluating the possiblity to improve existing techniques by the use of new high resolution satellite data such as IRS-1C, MOMS, and ADEOS. To reach these general objectives, the project aims at the following measurable goals: - To compare and harmonise satellite techniques and classification systems used in the four major European forest ecosystem regions for defoliation and discoloration on assessable tree species, aiming at harmonised monitoring of the trans national Level I plot grid. To implement chosen techniques on Level I plots for two pilot satellite scenes in each of the four forest regions. - To determine how large a percentage of the Level I plots that will beasse ssable using satellite data with adequate accuracy, and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of applied methods compared to the current field basea Level I inventory. - To demonstrate area-covering monitoring of the different damage types one demonstration area within each of the four major European forest ecosystem regions... Prime Contractor: Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd, Sektionen för Geografisk Informationstecknik; Stockholm/Sweden.

Überprüfung der nicht 'Standarddaten' des GOME-Instrumentes auf dem ERS-2-Satelliten

Untersuchung endokrin wirksamer Substanzen in der Elbe und im Elbeaestuar

Durch systematische Untersuchung von Wasser-, Schwebstoff- und Sedimentproben aus der Elbe und dem Elbeaestuar auf endokrin wirksame Substanzen soll das vorhandene Wirkungs- und Schadstoffpotential erfasst werden. Folgende Teilprojekte sind vorgesehen: - Literaturrecherche zum Vorkommen von endokrin wirksamen Stoffen in Klaeranlagenablaeufen und im Oberflaechenwasser, fokussiert auf die Elbe, das Elbeaestuar und die Deutsche Bucht - Erstellung einer Stoffliste von natuerlichen und synthetischen Oestrogenen und relevanter Metaboliten, die im Untersuchungsgebiet vorkommen koennen. - Chemische Analyse mittels GGMS und GC-MS-MS von ausgewaehlten Stoffen/Metaboliten aus dieser Liste. - Durchfuehrung von Zellinientests zur Pruefung auf endokrine Wirkung mit Proben aus der Elbe (Umweltbehoerde Hamburg).

Study on Methods for Retrival of Atmospheric Constituents

Ziel des Vorhabens ist die Entwicklung von Algorithmen und Software zur Berechnung von Saeulendichten atmosphaerischer Spurenstoffe aus Absorptionsspektren, die von dem Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME Spektrograph) an Bord des ERS-2-Satelliten aufgenommen werden.

Aufbau des GOME Datenprozessors, Atmos Nutzerzentrum: Entwurf und Aufbau eines Prototypen des GOME-Datenverarbeitungssystems (GDP)

Monitoring technogen verursachter Umweltveraenderungen auf der Grundlage von Fernerkundungs- und GIS-Technologien am Beispiel des Tschernobyl-Ljutecher Testgebiets (Projektmanagement), Kurztitel: Projektmanagement Tschernobyl-Folgen

Entsprechend der mit dem Zentrum fuer aerokosmische Fernerkundung (ZAKIS) der Ukrainischen Akademie der Wissenschaften abgeschlossenen Vereinbarung wurden alle Managementaufgaben zum Projekt 'Tschernobyl-Folgen' an das uve Fernerkundungszentrum Potsdam uebertragen. Im Rahmen dieses Auftrages werden durch uve insbesondere folgende Aufgaben realisiert: - Koordinierungs-, Unterstuetzungs- und Abstimmungsaktivitaeten mit dem ukrainischen Partner zur Vorbereitung, Durchfuehrung und Ergebnispraesentation des Vorhabens, - Massnahmen zur Einfuehrung deutscher bzw ESA-Satellitendaten (MOMS, ERs 1) sowie eines in Deutschland entwickelten aufgabenspezfischen GIS in die Arbeiten im ZAKIS, Mitwirkung an Ground Truth-Aktivitaeten im Testgebiet, -Schulung ukrainischer Mitarbeiter in Potsdam, Unterstuetzung bei der Hardwarebeschaffung und -Installation sowie der Softwareimplementation.

Ozonvertikalverteilungen und stratosphaerische Saeulen von NO2, OClO und BrO aus GOME und SCIAMACHY Nadir Satellitendaten: Optimierung der Datenprodukte und wissenschaftliche Studien zur Chemie und Dynamik der unteren Stratosphaere (GOMSTRAT)

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