Das Projekt "Fuel cell power trains and clustering in heavy-duty transports (FELICITAS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Fraunhofer-Institut für Verkehrs- und Infrastruktursysteme IVI durchgeführt. Objective: The FELICITAS consortium proposes an Integrated Project to develop fuel cell (FC) drive trains fuelled with both hydrocarbons and hydrogen. The proposed development work focuses on producing FC systems capable of meeting the exacting demands of heavy-dut y transport for road, rail and marine applications. These systems will be: - Highly efficient, above 60Prozent - Power dense, - Powerful units of 200kW plus, - Durable, robust and reliable. Two of the FC technologies most suitable for heavy-duty transport applic ations are Polymer Electrolyte FuelCells (PEFC) and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC). Currently neither technology is capable of meeting the wideranging needs of heavy-duty transport either because of low efficiencies, PEFC, or poor transient performance,SO FC. FELICITAS proposes the development of high power Fuel Cell Clusters (FCC) that group FC systems with other technologies, including batteries, thermal energy and energy recuperation.The FELICITAS consortium will first undertake the definition of the requirements on FC power trains for the different heavy-duty transport modes. This will lead to the development of FC power train concepts, which through the use of advanced multiple simulations, will undertake evaluations of technical parameters, reliab ility and life cycle costs. Alongside the development of appropriate FC power trains the consortium will undertake fundamental research to adapt and improve existing FC and other technologies, including gas turbines, diesel reforming and sensor systems f or their successful deployment in the demanding heavy-duty transport modes. This research work will combine with the FC power trains design and simulation work to provide improved components and systems, together with prototypes and field testing where ap propriate.The FELICITAS consortium approach will substantially improve European FC and associated technology knowledae and know-how in the field of heavv-duty transport.
Das Projekt "Effect of lake level rise on vertical transport and mixing processes in Lake Van (Turkey)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Konstanz, Limnologisches Institut durchgeführt. Lake Van ist der größte See der Türkei. Er ist abflusslos und sein Wasser ist stark salzhaltig (21 g kg-1). Wegen des hohen Salzgehaltes ist zu erwarten, dass vertikale Mischungsprozesse im Lake Van sehr sensitiv auf erhöhte Süßwassereinträge reagieren. In diesem Projekt werden die für den vertikalen Transport im Lake Van verantwortlichen Prozesse identifiziert und der vertikale Austausch quantifiziert. Es wird untersucht, wie sich Seespiegelschwankungen (als Indiz für veränderte hydrologische Bedingungen), auf die Tiefenwassererneuerung und die Mischungsprozesse auswirken. Die Arbeit wird ihre Analysen auf Informationen aus einem breiten Spektrum von Umwelttracern stützen (Temperatur, Salzgehalt, Lichttransmission, gelöster Sauerstoff, SF6, CFC-12, 3H, 3He und weitere Edelgase). Die entsprechenden Daten und Proben für Laboranalysen werden in zwei Feldkampagnen auf dem Lake Van erhoben. Der Seespiegelanstieg des Lake Van in den letzen Jahrzehnten bietet eine ausgezeichnete Möglichkeit, die Auswirkung von Veränderungen in den hydrologischen Bedingungen im Einzugsgebiet auf die Mischungsdynamik in salzhaltigen Seen zu untersuchen. Insbesondere ist dies der Fall, da am Lake Van neue Tracermessungen mit einem bereits vorhandenen Datensatz verglichen werden können, der 1989 kurz nach Beginn des letzten signifikanten Seespiegelanstiegs erhoben wurde. Eine Veränderung der Mischungsdynamik hat eine Auswirkung auf die Wechselwirkungen im Ökosystem und kann so Signale in Sedimentkernen beeinflussen. Daher liefert dieses Projekt wichtige Hintergrundinformation für die Interpretation paläolimnologischer Daten aus Sedimentkernen. Dies ist von besonderem Interesse, da der Lake Van als vielversprechender Ort für ein 'International Continental Drilling Project' (ICDP) ausgesucht wurde, um Klimaveränderung mit Hilfe von Sedimentkernen zu studieren. Darüber hinaus beabsichtigt die Gruppe für Umweltisotope an der ETH/EAWAG (Schweiz) Edelgase im Porenwasser von Lake Van - Sedimenten zu untersuchen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeiten ist eine Rekonstruktion der Mischungsbedingungen im Lake Van und der paläoklimatischen Bedingungen während des Holozäns (das Projekt ist eingereicht bei der Swiss Science Foundation SNF). Das Project MIXVAN wird eng mit der Gruppe für Umweltisotope an der ETH/EAWAG (Schweiz) zusammenarbeiten, die dem Projekt die Nutzung ihrer Labors zur Analyse von transienten Tracern ermöglicht.
Das Projekt "Developing a model for sustainable water and waste management for rural areas in Bulgaria" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Institut für Abwasserwirtschaft und Gewässerschutz B-2 durchgeführt. The Municipalities of Stara Zagora and Varna will be the targets for a 2,5 year project by WECF and its NGO partners from Bulgaria and the Netherlands; the Earth Forever Foundation, the Institute of Ecological Modernization and WASTE and IRC Netherlands. The project receives financial support from the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs MATRA programme. The Institute of Wastewater Management (TUHH) is supporting this project with respect to the introduction of ecological sanitation and extensive wastewater treatment technologies like planted soil filters. Workshops are given and technical knowledge regarding the design, construction and operation of these facilities is provided. This will help to improve the current situation in the villages and will provide an example for further distribution of appropriate wastewater management in Bulgarian villages. Currently, only a very small part of the population is connected to a central sewer system, which discharges the wastewater without any further treatment into the environment. The remaining families are depending on outdoor pit latrines, soakaways and septic tanks which are very often subject to clogging. Thus, overflowing and discharging of wastewater onto streets is a very common problem.
Das Projekt "Multi-proxy tree-ring analysis of conifer trees disturbed by insect outbreaks" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von University of British Columbia, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Resources Management Vancouver durchgeführt. Insect outbreaks are a major disturbance influencing forest dynamics in many ecosystems and can affect forest productivity worldwide. Reconstruction of insect outbreak history is fundamental to forest management. While the action of cambium feeders on trees leads to the formation of scars, that of defoliators is observable via growth suppression in tree rings. The occurrence of past insect attacks can thus be inferred from such tree-ring signatures. However, it necessitates an accurate dating of events, with high temporal resolution, as well as their correct attribution to the right disturbance agent. Fire also leaves scars on trees that can occur on cross-sectional disks where insect scars are already present, thus making them difficult to distinguish. Furthermore, insect-elicited reductions in radial growth may not be clearly visible on samples, and the radial growth response to defoliation often bears a lag of one or more years. This project tackles these issues directly by proposing a multi-proxy approach aiming at improving tree-ring reconstructions of insect outbreaks. Tree rings will be investigated to study radial variations of tree-ring width, wood anatomy, wood density, and wood chemistry. While dendrochronologists have long relied on tree-ring width variations to track the signal induced by climate, geomorphic and ecological processes, they have scarcely exploited the potential of other proxies and rarely used them in combination. The most advanced studies that have embraced these possibilities are owed to dendroclimatologists. The core of this research therefore lies in the use of multiple wood traits to provide answers to the above mentioned dendroecological questions. Two conifer tree species from British Columbia and their respective pests are within the scope of this study: the mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins), a cambium feeder, on lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas), and the western spruce budworm (WSBW, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman), a defoliator, on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco). It is hypothesized that insect outbreak disturbance in the form of bark beetle or defoliation events results in abrupt significant structural differences between the wood formed prior to and after the insect attack. Based on pioneering tree-ring research on insect outbreaks, there are great prospects that the variations of wood traits be proven useful for differentiating MPB scars from fire scars and for identifying WSBW defoliation events, possibly with higher temporal resolution. The study of multiple wood traits (proxies) will help gain an understanding of the influence of insect outbreak disturbance on wood formation and tree physiological processes, a prerequisite for improving the detection and dating of events in tree-ring series. (...)
Das Projekt "How to Measure Access: Workshop for the European Science Foundation in Dresden Workshop 'Wie ist der Mobilitätszugang messbar?'" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Verkehrsplanung und Straßenverkehr, Lehrstuhl für Verkehrsökologie durchgeführt.
Das Projekt "The effect of potassium and calcium on wood formation and xylem/phloem physology" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Department für Biologie, Zentrum Holzwirtschaft, Ordinariat für Holzbiologie und Institut für Holztechnologie und Holzbiologie des Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und Fischerei durchgeführt. Ions play a fundamental role in the physiology of cambial growth. To gain better knowledge about the role of K, Ca and P in wood formation, we intend to focus on plants grown under different K, Ca and P supply as well as on transgenic plants with modified ion transporter expression produced by P5 and/or P3. Two approaches will be applied on all differently treated plants in this project. First, structural and ultrastructural analysis of stem tissues (phloem, cambium, xylem) will be carried out throughout all seasons by image analysis and high resolution TEM. In order to correlate structural changes to biochemical variations, a second approach deals with the following analysis in all tissues: Seasonal changes of K, Ca and P will be measured by EDXA, whereas K and Ca will also be determined quantitatively by atomic absorption spectrometry. By generating antibodies against different potassium transporters we further will show their distribution in poplar stem tissues throughout all seasons by fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. In order to correlate changes in ion content to sugar concentrations, seasonal variations of different sugars as well as starch will be determined enzymatically. To measure changes in the chemical composition of cell walls, FTIR-spectroscopy will be used to quantitatively detect a range of functional groups in the cell wall.
Das Projekt "Integrated Health, Social and Economic Impacts of Extreme Events: Evidence, Methods and Tools (MICRODIS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von evaplan GmbH durchgeführt. Recent events such as the Pakistan earthquake, Hurricane Katrina, the Indian Ocean tsunami and the European heat waves of 2003 reveal the vulnerability of societies to extreme events. The goal of this project is to strengthen prevention, mitigation and preparedness strategies in order to reduce the health, social and economic impacts of extreme events on communities. The objectives of the MICRODIS project are to strengthen the scientific and empirical foundation on the relationship between extreme events and their impacts; to develop and integrate knowledge, concepts, methods and databases towards a common global approach and to improve human resources and coping capacity in Asia and Europe through training and knowledge sharing. This integrated project involves 19 partners from Asia and Europe, including research, policy and ground roots institutions. The outputs will include an evidence-base on impacts, field methodologies and tools for data compilation, impact models, and integrated vulnerability assessments. It will also strengthen standardised data collection of extreme events and their impacts at local, regional and global levels. Prime Contractor: Université Catholique de Louvain; Louvain-la-neuve; Belgium.
Das Projekt "Safety of Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier (HYSAFE)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Kern- und Energietechnik (IKET) durchgeführt. Objective: The overall goal of HySafe is to contribute to the safe transition to a more sustainable development in Europe by facilitating the safe introduction of hydrogen as an energy carrier of the future. The objectives of the network include: -To contribute to common understanding and approaches for addressing hydrogen safety issues; -To integrate experience and knowledge on hydrogen safety in Europe; -To integrate and harmonise the fragmented research base; -To provide contributions to EU safety requirements, standards and codes of practice; -To contribute into improved technical culture to handle hydrogen as an energy carrier; -To promote public acceptance of hydrogen technologies. These objectives are to be achieved by: -Developing, harmonising and validating methodologies for safety assessments; -Undertaking safety and risk studies; -Establishment of a hydrogen incident and accident database; -Creation of a set of specialised research facilities; -Identification of a set of specialised complimentary codes and models that can be used for safety studies; -Promoting fundamental research necessary to address hydrogen safety issues; -Extracting net outcomes from safety and risk assessment studies as input to EU-legal requirements, standards and codes of practice; -Organizing training and educational programmes on hydrogen safety, including on-line mode (e-Academy); -Disseminating the results through HySafe website, Annual Report on Hydrogen Safety, and Biannual International Symposium on Hydrogen Safety. HySafe network addresses the medium and long term objectives of the Priority 6.1 'Sustainable energy systems'. In particular, the HySafe NoE is directly relevant to the objectives of research area 6.1.3.2.2 concerning development of a robust and reliable framework for assessment of the safety of hydrogen technologies.
Das Projekt "Strategy for Resource Allocation in the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Mitigation Specifics" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Climate Analytics gGmbH durchgeführt. The project provided background research on selected aspects related to the allocation of resources in the Green Climate Fund (GCF). It developed a set of short background studies related to procedural issues, how to define and operationalize 'paradigm shift' and on possible allocation principles for adaptation and mitigation. Objectives As defined in its governing instrument the purpose of the Green Climate Fund is to make a significant and ambitious contribution to the global efforts towards attaining the goals set by the international community. One of the biggest challenges in operationalizing the Green Climate Fund is to define the principles and processes that will determine the flow of funds, between and within the priority result areas. On the mitigation side, this will essentially determine to which extend the GCF will be able to fulfil its purpose of contributing to the agreed common objective to limiting temperature increase below 2?C or even 1.5?C above pre-industrial levels. The governing instrument specifies that the GCF will promote a paradigm shift towards low-emission and climate resilient development in the context of sustainable development as one of the objectives of the fund. It is however unclear how this objective translates into more concrete terms of operation. The proposed research aims to support decision makers in operationalizing the principle of a paradigm shift (or transformational change) with respect to the allocation of funds and related principles, criteria and processes. There are three main guiding questions that need to be addressed: - WHAT activities should be funded to induce transformational change? - WHO receives the funding? - HOW are decisions on 'what' and 'who' taken? - HOW is the funding delivered? The answers to the first two questions on 'what' and 'who should receive funding' establish the fundamental principles and criteria of the allocation and will largely determine if the GCF will be able to trigger the paradigm shift/transformational change. The processes determined by the last question are important to ensure that principles and decisions on the 'what' and 'who' are in fact followed and adhered to in every-day operations of the fund.
Das Projekt "Potential new enzymes in plant NO biosynthesis" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Zierpflanzen- und Gehölzwissenschaften, Abteilung Zierpflanzenbau durchgeführt. This project aims at identifying the source enzyme(s) of polyamine-induced nitric oxide (NO). Polyamine-induced NO synthesis was discovered in the lab of the PI and is unprecedented. In contrast to published information about plant NO synthesizing enzymes, exogenous arginine is less effective than polyamines (putrescine, spermine, spermidine) in inducing rapid NO biosynthesis. As polyamine induction of NO synthesis is very rapid this indicates that perhaps known enzymes of plant NO biosynthesis or a new enzyme group for NO biosynthesis use polyamines as a substrate. The search will encompass the known AtNOS gene family and the polyamine oxidase gene family. The protein identified will be recombinantly purified and tested as a NO synthase and expressed under a chemically controlled promoter in Arabidopsis so that changes in NO biosynthesis and phenotype can be demonstrated. As polyamines have a wide-spread physiological significance in plants the project will give a new foundation to polyamine biology in plants.
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