Die Datensammlung "Stadtteil-Profile" enthält Strukturdaten für 105 Hamburger Stadtteile, sieben Bezirke und Hamburg insgesamt zu den Themenbereichen Bevölkerung, Wohnen, Bürgerschaftswahlen, Sozialstruktur, Infrastruktur, und Verkehr. Die Daten ermöglichen eine Standortbeschreibung eines Stadtteils und den Vergleich mit dem zugehörigen Bezirk und der Stadt Hamburg. Die Datensammlung enthält Angaben seit 1987 und wird jährlich fortgeschrieben. Eine aktuelle Fassung der "Stadtteil-Profile" erscheint einmal im Jahr in der Reihe "HAMBURG.regional" und enthält seit 2002 auch Daten für ausgewählte Hamburger Quartiere.
Berichte der Behörden und Ämter über Zuwendungen in Form von Sponsoring, Spenden und mäzenatischen Schenkungen. Sie beinhalten die von den Behörden und Ämtern sowie den direkten hamburgischen Mehrheitsbeteiligungen (öffentlichen Unternehmen) aus ihrem Zuständigkeitsbereich angenommenen privaten Zuwendungen in Form von Sponsoring, Spenden und mäzenatischen Schenkungen ab 5.000 Euro im Einzelwert und die von bestimmten hamburgischen Mehrheitsbeteiligungen aus ihrem Zuständigkeitsbereich geleisteten Spenden und spendenähnlichen Zuwendungen ab 2.500 Euro im Einzelwert.
Der thematische Umweltatlas des Umweltbundesamtes (UBA), im Folgenden kurz als UBA-Umweltatlas bezeichnet, wurde im Rahmen des Forschungs- und Entwicklungsvorhabens als zusätzliches Informationsangebot für die UBA-Website entwickelt. Ziel war es, ein neues Format zu realisieren, mit dem Schwerpunktthemen der Umweltpolitik schutzgut- und sektorübergreifend präsentiert werden können. Es sollte insbesondere auf die Zielgruppe "breite Öffentlichkeit" zugeschnitten sein und darüber hinaus auch Multiplikatorinnen und Multiplikatoren wie Journalistinnen und Journalisten sowie Lehrende adressieren. Der UBA-Umweltatlas wurde vor diesem Hintergrund als integrierte Informationsplattform konzipiert, auf der komplexe Umweltthemen in einzelnen Modulen, sogenannten Bausteinen, grafisch und inhaltlich aufbereitet werden. Die Bausteine vermitteln anhand von interaktiven Karten, Infografiken und Diagrammen, ergänzt durch Bilder und Videos, einen breiten Überblick über den jeweiligen Themenkomplex und dienen als Türöffner zu vertiefenden Detail-Informationen. Im Vorhaben wurde das Konzept für Struktur, Gestaltung und technische Umsetzung für den UBA-Umweltatlas entwickelt und in exemplarischen Bausteinen zu den Themen "Reaktiver Stickstoff" und "Bauen, Wohnen, Haushalte" umgesetzt. Des Weiteren wurden Handreichungen und unterstützende Materialien erstellt, die die Grundlage für die Pflege bestehender Bausteine sowie für die perspektivische Entwicklung weiterer Bausteine durch UBA-Mitarbeitende bilden. Quelle: Forschungsbericht
Der Bericht stellt die Ergebnisse des Vorhabens "Thematischer Umweltatlas: Medienwirksame Aufbereitung von Umweltinformationen durch Verknüpfung von räumlichen Darstellungen, Umweltdaten und Fachbeiträgen" vor. Im Vorhaben wurde ein Rahmenkonzept für einen digitalen UBA-Umweltatlas ausgearbeitet. Zudem wurden zwei Pilotbausteine zu den Themen "Reaktiver Stickstoff" und "Bauen, Wohnen, Haushalte" konzipiert und exemplarisch für die Nutzung in der Berichterstattung umgesetzt. Der Bericht beleuchtet die Vorgehensweise und Arbeitsschritte, die bei der Planung, Konzeption und Umsetzung des Umweltatlas bzw. der Pilotbausteine bedeutsam waren, und zeigt Perspektiven für die Weiterentwicklung auf.
Das Projekt "PV power supply for remote village 'rambla del banco'" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von SET Selected Electronic Technologies GmbH durchgeführt. Objective: Test of new pv components and system technology. Electrification (lights, cooling, TV) of remote mountain village, that had no electricity before. Provide extra power for production and finishing industry. General Information: A central pv system with some innovative ideas: electronic power management (reduces inverter peak power), controller for outdoor lighting, special fluorescent lamps, lightning protection. AC and DC power available in the houses: AC during the day for refrigerators (with cold storage for the night), washing machines, kitchen appliances and for charging the decentralized batteries. DC during night for lights and television. Some modular street lamps, type SELSET 18W. Nr. of subsystems: 2 (one cristalline AEG, one amorphous Chronar France) Power of subsystems: 9.8 + 2 kWp Total power: 11,8 kWp Backup: none Number of modules: AEG:196. CHRONAR:184 Module description: AEG: PQ 10/40 HD50, 50 Wp. CHRONAR: CSB 13, 11Wp. Connection: AEG: four in series, 49 parallel CHRONAR: four in series, 46 parallel. Support: On racks Max power tracker: none Charge controller: Type CDC 48-7-35 and CDC 106 Battery: central storage: distributed storage Batt. (V): 48: 12 Capacity (Ah): 1200: 150 each Inverter: MARATHON (LS), type WRM 48/48 Inv. in (V): 48 Inv. out(V): 220, single phase, square wave Inv. power (kW): 4,8 (with overload tolerance: 20 kW for 10 sec., 10 kW for 5 min., etc.) Load description: DC loads: lamps (150 units, type TWL18 or HAL10) and TV sets. AC loads: Through a load management system (LSE); Refrigerators, washing machines, kitchen appliances, some milking machines. Monitoring: SET data logger 'DAMOS': irradiances, temperatures, input + output currents, tensions, wind speed and direction. Achievements: The system started operation in October 1990. Load management (through the LMS system) is not yet necessary because of low consumption. The abundance of energy continues even after year because people are moving away from the village and the remaining ones have no money to buy ac-appliances. The central battery had to be replaced in 1992 (by Bosch, successor of FEMSA). The cost per unit of energy is calculated to be 3.5 Ecu/kWh for the demonstration project and 2.3 Ecu/kWh for a replication.
Das Projekt "B 2.3: Transport of agrochemicals in a watershed in Northern Thailand - Phase 3" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Bodenkunde und Standortslehre, Fachgebiet Biogeophysik durchgeführt. Land use changes of the last decades in the mountainous regions of Northern Thailand have been accompanied by an increased input of agrochemicals, which might be transferred to rivers by surface and/or subsurface flow. Where the river water is used for household consumption, irrigation and other purposes, agrochemical losses pose a serious risk to the environment and food safety. In the first and the second phase, subproject B2 collected data on and gained knowledge of the vertical and lateral transport processes that govern the environmental fate of selected agrochemicals at the plot and the hillslope scale (Ciglasch et al., 2005; Kahl et al., 2006). In the third phase, B2.3 will turn from the hillslope to the watershed scale. For simulation of water flow and pesticide transport the SWAT model (Neitsch et al., 2002b) will be adapted and used. The study area will be the Mae Sa watershed (138 km2), which includes the Mae Sa Noi subcatchment where B2 carried out detailed investigations during the last two phases. The specific focus of the subproject will be the parameterization and calibration of the SWAT model and its integration into the model network of the SFB. The SFB database has been established and can be used for model parameterization. In addition, high-quality geo-data are available from the Geoinformatic and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA) in Chiang Mai. For model calibration, discharge measurements are available for the Mae Sa Noi subcatchment (12 km2) and for the neighboring Mae Nai subcatchment (18 km2). To collect data on the Mae Sa watershed discharge, at the very beginning of the third phase gauging stations will be established in a midstream position and at the outlet of the watershed. Pesticide fluxes will be measured at each gauging station as well as in the Mae Sa Noi subcatchment, where B2.2 has operated two flumes equipped with automatic discharge-proportional water samplers since 2004. Rainfall distribution and intensity will be monitored with a net of automatic rain gauges. Hydrograph separation will be performed using soil and river temperatures (Kobayashi et al., 1999). Within the watershed temperature loggers will be installed at different soil depths to measure the temperature of the different discharge components. Already at the beginning of the second year of the third phase we will start to couple the SWAT model with land use and farm household models of the SFB and to use the model to assess the effect of land use and land management changes on the loss of pesticides to surface waters.
Das Projekt "E 4.1: Quality and food safety issues in markets for high-value products in Thailand and Vietnam" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Agrar- und Sozialökonomie in den Tropen und Subtropen durchgeführt. The production and marketing of high-value agricultural commodities - such as fruits, vegetables, and livestock products - has been an important source of cash income for small-scale farmers in the northern mountainous regions of Thailand and Vietnam. However, against the background of recent free trade agreements and market liberalization, there is increasing national and international competition, partly leading to significant price decreases. Given structural disadvantages of farmers in northern Thailand and Vietnam, it will be very difficult for them to achieve and maintain a competitive position in markets for undifferentiated high-value products. Therefore, product differentiation - in terms of health attributes (e.g., low-pesticide residues, free from diseases and pathogens), taste (e.g., indigenous livestock breeds), time (e.g., off-season production), or processing characteristics (e.g., packaging, drying, canning) - could be a promising alternative. Quality and safety attributes play an increasing role in domestic and international food trade. The additional value generated could lead to sustainable income growth in the small farm sector, but this potential will only materialize when appropriate institutional mechanisms help reduce transaction costs and allow a fair distribution of benefits. This subproject seeks to analyze how the production and marketing of high-value agricultural products with quality and safety attributes can contribute to pro-poor development in northern Thailand and Vietnam. Quality and safety attributes can only generate value when they directly respond to consumer demand. Furthermore, since they are often credence attributes, the product identity has to be preserved from farm to fork. Therefore, the analysis will cover the whole supply chain, from agricultural production to final household consumption. Interview-based surveys of farmers, intermediate agents, and consumers will be carried out in Thailand, and to a limited extent also in Vietnam. The data will be analyzed econometrically with regard to the structure of high-value markets, trends and their determinants, and efficiency and equity implications of different institutional arrangements (e.g., contract agriculture, supermarket procurement). Since in northern Vietnam, the marketing of high-value products is a relatively recent activity, markets for more traditional crops will be analyzed as well, to better understand the linkages between different cash-earning activities in the semi-subsistent farm households. Apart from their direct policy relevance, the results will contribute to the broader research direction of the economics of high-value agricultural markets in developing countries. Moreover, they will generate useful information for other subprojects of the Uplands Program.
Das Projekt "Grey water treatment in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Institut für Abwasserwirtschaft und Gewässerschutz B-2 durchgeführt. In ecological sanitation, the wastewater is considered not only as a pollutant, but also as a resource for fertiliser, water and energy and for closing water and nutrients cycles (Otterpohl et. al., 1999; Otterpohl et. al., 2003; Elmitwalli et al. 2005). The ecological sanitation based on separation between grey and black water (and even between faeces and urine), is considered a visible future solution for wastewater collection and treatment. Grey water, which symbolises the wastewater generated in the household excluding toilet wastewater (black water), represents the major volume of the domestic wastewater (60- 75 percent) with low content of nutrients and pathogens (Otterpohl et. al., 1999; Jefferson et al., 1999; Eriksson et al., 2002). Most of grey-water treatment plants include one or two-step septic-tank for pre-treatment (Otterpohl et al., 2003). The grey-water treatment needs both physical and biological processes for removal of particles, dissolved organic-matters and pathogens (Jefferson et al., 1999). Recently, many researchers have studied the grey-water treatment either by application of high-rate aerobic systems, like rotating biological contactor (Nolde, 1999), fluidised bed (Nolde, 1999), aerobic filter (Jefferson et al., 2000), membrane bioreactor (Jefferson et al., 2000), or by application of low-rate systems, like slow sand filter (Jefferson et al., 1999), vertical flow wetlands (Otterpohl et. al., 2003). Although high-rate anaerobic systems, which are low-cost systems, have both physical and biological removal, no research has been done until now on grey water in these systems. The grey water contains a significant amount (41 percent) of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the domestic wastewater (Otterpohl et al., 2003) and this amount can be removed by the highrate anaerobic systems. Although high-rate anaerobic systems have been successfully operated in tropical regions for domestic wastewater treatment, the process up till now is not applied in lowtemperature regions. The COD removal is limited for domestic wastewater treatment in high-rate anaerobic systems at low temperatures and, therefore, a long HRT is needed for providing sufficient hydrolysis of particulate organic (Zeeman and Lettinga, 1999; Elmitwalli et al. 2002). The grey water has a relatively higher temperature (18-38 degree C), as compared to the domestic wastewater (Eriksson et al. 2002), because the grey water originates from hot water sources, like shower (29 degree C), kitchen (27-38 degree C) and laundry (28-32 degree C). Therefore, high-rate anaerobic systems might run efficiently for on-site grey water treatment, even in low-temperature regions. The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor is the most applied system for anaerobic domestic waster treatment. Accordingly, the aim of this research is to study the feasibility of application of UASB reactor for the treatment of grey water at low and controlled (30 degree C) temperatures.
Das Projekt "Impacts of Solar Home System Usage in Rural Burkina Faso" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung e.V. RWI, Kompetenzbereich Umwelt und Ressourcen durchgeführt. In remote areas with low electrification rates, Solar Home Systems (SHS) can be seen as a promising alternative to the investment-intensive extension of the electricity grid. The Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs provides funding to a project in Burkina Faso that offers SHS to rural households using a market-based approach. The SHS that are distributed can provide electric lighting and - depending on the chosen capacity of the system - allow for the usage of small electric appliances up to colored television. As part of the series of impact evaluations of development activities supported by the Netherlands on behalf of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, RWI and ISS assess the socio-economic impact of the usage of SHS such as improved living conditions, time savings, increased security, better health conditions, and educational attainment trough extended study hours. The idea is to conduct a difference-in-difference approach based on household surveys before and after the intervention, in combination with propensity score matching (PSM) to better match control and treatment households on pre-program characteristics (e.g. education, socio-economic status, income, asset-ownership, characteristics of the villages they live in). Following the roll-out plan of Yeelen Ba's activities, a baseline survey was conducted in November 2010 based on a random sample of villages that are in the program's catchment area. In total, 1,200 households in 40 villages (30 households per village) were interviewed. A particular focus was on the use of appliances and energy expenditures, as well as convenience and comfort aspects before and after the SHS was installed. For the difference-in-difference approach the sample will be divided into a treatment group consisting of households who will have obtained an SHS in the meantime and a control group consisting of untreated households. The follow-up survey will be conducted two years after the baseline survey in November 2012. All households will be revisited and differences in the changes in the outcome variables between the treatment group and the control group will be assessed, providing insights about how ownership of an SHS changes the socio-economic living conditions of the households.
Das Projekt "D 7: Research for improved fish nutrition and fish health in upland aquaculture systems in Yen Chau, Son La Province, Northern Vietnam" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Tierproduktion in den Tropen und Subtropen (480), Fachgebiet Aquakultur-Systeme und Tierernährung in den Tropen und Subtropen (490i) durchgeführt. Background: Aquaculture significantly contributes to protein supply and cash income of Black Thai farmers in Yen Chau, Son La province, Northern Vietnam. Fish is produced for cash income (2/3rd) and subsistence (1/3rd) while self recruiting species (small fish, crustaceans and molluscs) provide additional protein for home consumption. The current aquaculture system is a polyculture of the macroherbivorous grass carp as main species together with 3-5 other non-herbivorous fish species like Common Carp, Silver Carp, Bighead Carp, Mud Carp, Silver Barb and Nile Tilapia. With a rearing period of 21 months, the productivity of the aquaculture system amounts to 1.54 +- 0.33 t ha-1 a-1 and can be characterized as low. Nearly each household has at least one pond, which serves multiple purposes and is operated as a flow-through-system. The steady water flow is advantageous for the culture of grass carp, but causes a continuous loss of nutrients and high turbidity and thereby limits the development of phytoplankton and zooplankton which are natural food for non-herbivorous species. The farmers are using mainly green leaves (banana, bamboo, cassava, maize and grass) and crop residues (rice bran, rice husk, cassava root peel, distillery residue) as feed input, which is available to Grass Carp while non-herbivorous fish species are not fed specifically. Manure is used as fertilizer. The uneaten parts of fed plants are sometimes accumulating in the pond over several years, resulting in heavy loads of organic matter causing oxygen depletion. Anaerobic sediment and water layers limit the development of zoobenthos and may provide a habitat for anaerobe disease agents. Since 2003 an unknown disease condition has been threatening Grass Carp production and is having a major economic impact on the earnings from fish farming in Yen Chau region. Other fish in the same ponds are not affected. Especially in March-April and in September-October the disease is causing high morbidity and mortalities of Grass Carp in affected ponds and is thereby decreasing the dietary protein supply and income generation of Black Thai farmers. Little is known about the definition or aetiology of the disease condition.
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