We present a continuous dataset of carbon and energy fluxes measured over an alpine steppe at Nam Co in the Tibetan Plateau (TP), c. 220 km north of Lhasa.These data were collected to quantify landscape-scale fluxes and understand seasonal ecosystem dynamics in this high-altitude grassland. Measurements were collected using the Eddy Covariance technique, employing a CSAT3 ultrasonic anemometer and a Li-7500RS open-path infrared gas analyzer installed at 19 m above ground.
Compared to the existing long-term measurements at 3 m at this site, the higher measurement height provides a larger footprint (~30 ha), enabling landscape-scale flux estimation and improved alignment with satellite observations. The source area represents a broader area, encompassing the alpine steppe with subtle vegetation density variations, more productive and wetter patches near the lakeshore, and occasional inclusion of the adjacent lake surface.
The dataset spans approximately one year, from 14 July 2018 to 08 June 2019. Flux measurements were quality-filtered and gap-filled to produce a complete seasonal record using two complementary approaches, marginal distribution sampling (MDS) and random forest (RF). The dataset primarily consists of half-hourly flux measurements, including carbon, water, and energy fluxes, quality flags, uncertainty estimates, and footprint diagnostics. Derived daily and monthly files provide aggregated fluxes and associated uncertainties. In addition, site meteorological observations (Biomet) are also included. All data are provided as CSV files, with file and variable descriptions explained in the accompanying data description file.
This publication provides the codes produced for the article "Temporally dynamic carbon dioxide and
methane emission factors for rewetted peatlands. Nature Communications Earth and Environment" by Aram Kalhori, Christian Wille, Pia Gottschalk, Zhan Li, Josh Hashemi, Karl Kemper, and Torsten Sachs (https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01226-9). In the article, the authors estimate the cumulative GHG emissions of a rewetted peatland in Germany using the long-term ecosystem flux measurements. They observe a source-to-sink transition of annual carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes and decreasing trend of methane (CH4) emissions.
This software is written in R and MATLAB. Running the codes ([R files and .m files](Code)) and loading the data files ([CSV files and .mat files](Data)) requires the pre-installation of [R and RStudio] (https://posit.co/downloads/) and ([MATLAB]. The RStudio 2022.07.2 Build 576 version has been used for the R scripts. The land cover classification work was performed in QGIS, v.3.16.11-Hannover. Data were analyzed in both MATLAB and R and plots created with R (R Core Development Team 2020) in RStudio®.
The following external packages are required to be incorporated into the codes in order to run the provided codes:
"zyp" package; "missForest" package;"REddyProc" package and explained in detail in the README.
Files: Codes/Kalhori2023_SenSlopes_fig2.r
"zyp" package, Maintainer David Bronaugh <bronaugh@uvic.ca>
Depends R (>= 2.4.0), Kendall
License: LGPL-2.1
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=zyp
Files: Codes/Kalhori2023_gapfillingMF_validation_figSI1.r
"missForest" package, Maintainer Daniel J. Stekhoven <stekhoven@stat.math.ethz.ch>
Depends randomForest,foreach,itertools
License: GPL (>= 2)
https://www.r-project.org, https://github.com/stekhoven/missForest
Files: Codes/Kalhori2023_NEEpartitioning.r
"REddyProc" package, Maintainer Thomas Wutzler <twutz@bgc-jena.mpg.de>
Depends R (>= 3.0.0), methods
Imports Rcpp, dplyr, purrr, rlang, readr, tibble, magrittr, solartime, bigleaf (>= 0.7)
License: GPL (>= 2)
https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/REddyProc/index.html
Data are provided as .shp, CSV or text files. The MATLAB scripts for footprint calculation and the R scripts used for gapfilling (missForest) and flux partitioning (REddyProc) are also included.The full description of the data and methods is provided in the manuscript.
The data provided here is an exemplary dataset for the flux site Zarnekow from one year (2018). The complete dataset that is needed to run the codes for all the years can be obtained from the European Fluxes Database Cluster under site ID DE-Zrk (Sachs et al., 2016) or provided upon request. This repository is intended to provide the necessary MATLAB and R code to reproduce the results by Kalhori et al. (2024).
The data are provided as zip folder containing (1) a csv file with associated definition of variables and units (file: 2023-004_Kalhori-et-al_README_2018_units.txt), (2) a shapefile (file: 2023-004_Kalhori-et-al_2018_LAiV_DOP.shp) and (3) a Geotiff (file: 2023-004_Kalhori-et-al_2018_LAiV_DOP.tiff).
In addition, we provide a second zip folder containing the data that produced the figures of the related article (Kalhori et al., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01226-9).
This publication contains software that can be used to pre-process data from the Globe at Night citizen science project, and then run an analysis to determine the rate of change in sky brightness. The software requires input data, which can be obtained directly from Globe at Night. The data used for our publication "Citizen scientists report global rapid reductions in the visibility of stars from 2011 to 2022" is published here, and can be used as input to the software. The process requires access to the World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness, which is also available from GFZ Data Services.