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Processed seismic data of Cruise SO7 1978

In the period from October 16, 1978 to December 9, 1978 geophysical investigations have been carried out on SONNE cruises SO-7A and SO-7B on the Lord Howe Rise off eastern Australia and in the northern Coral Sea by the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (Hannover) in co-operation with the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology & Geophysics (Canberra), Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (Wellington), Geological Survey of Papua New Guinea (Port Moresby). A total of 10,500 km of bathymetric, magnetic and gravity profiles, 7,000 km of digital seismic reflection profiles and 50 sonobuoy refraction profiles were recorded during this survey. Objective of cruise SO-7A was to determine the depth and nature of the basement of the Lord Howe Rise, the configuration of the early rift basin, and the thickness and internal structure of the enclosed sediments. A new sea-mount in the southern Norfolk Basin rising some 2200 m above sea floor characterized by a free air anomaly of about 80 mgal and by a magnetic anomaly of some 500 nT was found. A complex horst and graben zone often associated with volcanic intrusions underlies the western flank of the Lord Howe Rise. Within some grabens the "breakup"-unconformity seems to exist, supporting the model that the Lord Howe Rise and the Dampier Ridge were once part of the Australian continent. The thickness of pre-breakup sediments is normally small on the Lord Howe Rise. Only in some grabens the thickness of these sediments exceeds 1 second reflection time. The Oligocene/Eocene unconformity and a Miocene unconformity are clearly recognizable in all our seismic records. Best explanation of these unconformities seems to be relative falls in sea level due to swelling and subsidences of oceanic crust. Strong variations in the character of the acoustic basement have been observed. Besides blocks with flat-lying acoustic basement zones with hummocky and irregular basement surface exist which may relate to areas of stretched continental basement contaminated by basaltic intrusions. The eastern edge of the Lord Howe Rise is characterized by an edge anomaly rising to +1000 nT. The general magnetic and gravity features of the western flank of Lord Howe Rise and the Dampier Ridge are: A generally quiet magnetic field with isolated large anomalies, consistent with the faulted acoustic basement of low or moderate susceptibility, with low susceptibility, dense intrusives in places, and also high susceptibility intrusions or flows. Gravimetric/magnetic "edge anomalies" between the outer and western edge of the Lord Howe/Dampier Ridge and the Tasman Sea are apparently absent. The objective of cruise SO-7B was to search for marginal graben zones off the Queensland and Papuan Plateaus associated with the initial rifting of the Coral Sea Basin. In the seismic records at least two regional unconformities are recognizable which represent periods of erosion or non-deposition during Oligocene/Eocene respectively in Miocene time. Further an older unconformity exists in block-faulted regions of the Queensland and Papuan Plateaus. Beneath the present continental slopes the Miocene and Oligocene/Eocene unconformities lie close together and are sometimes coincident. The transition from oceanic crust of the Coral Sea Basin to continental crust of the Queensland and Papuan Plateaus occurs in the surveyed area over a narrow ( 50 km) zone and is associated with a sediment filled graben. The graben-zone observed beneath the present slope of the Queensland and Papuan Plateaus contains more than 2 sec (reflection time) thick sediments of pre-Oligocene/Eocene age. The oceanic crust, as it approaches the plateaus, either rapidly deepens or abruptly stops and/or changes its seismic character so as not to be recognizable. In the seismic records from the outer part and slope of the Queensland and Papuan Plateaus, 5 to 10 km wide, convex, reflectionless zones exist. These features are interpreted as drowned fossil reefs. All observed reefs lie beneath the Oligocene/Eocene unconformity indicating these present deep-water areas were at shallow depths in pre-Eocene time. In the surveyed area post-Oligocene fossil reefs do not exist suggesting these areas were already at upper bathyal depths in the Oligocene. Assuming a seismic velocity for reefal material of 4000 m/s, the reefs on the outer Papuan Plateau have an approximate thickness of 3000 meters. Assuming a reef-growth rate of 25 m/m.y. the growth of the reefs started in upper Jurassic time (120 m.y. + 29 m.y. (assumed age of the Oligocene/Eocene unconformity) yields to 149 m.y.). The basement of the Papuan and Queensland Plateaus is probably crystalline Paleozoic rocks. This is suggested for the Queensland Plateau in particular by their relatively shallow depth, refraction velocities of 6.0 - 6.3 km/s (Ewing et al.) and 5.0 (this survey) and high intensity magnetics. A complex system of horst and graben structures exist on the Queensland and Papuan Plateaus. A larger graben appears to trend in an East-West direction on the southern Papuan Plateau. This graben is about 1 second (reflection time) deep and varies in width from 5 to 20 km.

Markt für Zinn

technologyComment of tin production (RoW): The technology used by the Ausmelt Furnace, for the smelting of tin concentrates, is based on the patent developed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization of Australia CSIRO. None technologyComment of tin production (PE): The technology used by the Ausmelt Furnace, for the smelting of tin concentrates, is based on the patent developed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization of Australia CSIRO. The slag is sent to San Rafael mine where is used for the paste- filling process, therefore the system does not include slag storage and treatment.

Innovative glazings for high solar gains and daylighting

Das Projekt "Innovative glazings for high solar gains and daylighting" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme durchgeführt. General Information/Objectives: The objectives of this project are to develop advanced window systems with a widely variable solar transmittance, a low u-value (smaller than 1.1 W/m2K) and in special cases improved day lighting performance. In order to meet the objectives, different new technologies will be pursued and integrated into one system. Thus the main task is to develop: (1) highly transparent coatings with low thermal emittance in order to achieve glazings with uvalues smaller than 1.1 W/m2K (2) a switching system with a very wide dynamic range for the transmittance modulation (between 0.7 and 0.05) (3) broad-band antireflection layers with a gain in solar transmittance of at least 5 per cent per pane (4) daylight directing and distributing components with a maximum efficiency higher than 40 per cent. Technical Approach New materials and production technologies are available on a small scale in research laboratories. During the project these new materials and technologies have to be combined to build up new window systems. The scaling up will be done in close cooperation with the consulting industrial companies. At the end of the project a decision has to be made as to which technologies will be available for large scale industrial production. Complete systems will be constructed, characterised and tested. In close cooperation with industry and architects, the appearance and technical acceptance will be tested and the cost of the systems analysed. Expected Achievements and Exploitation In the course of the project, results in the different fields will be presented at conferences and discussed with the scientific world. Positive feedback from outside will be included in the project. At the end of the project the results will be presented in a special workshop during Eurosun II, which will be held in Ljubljana in September 1998. For this workshop, a short summary of the final report will be available. The workshop will be organized by the industrial partners so that they can demonstrate their interest in this field. Depending on the success of the project, demonstration projects are planned within the THERMIE Programme afterwards. Prime Contractor: Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Fördeung der Angewandten Forschung e.V., Institut für Solare Energiesysteme; Freiburg im Breisgau; Germany..

Low thermal budget processing for continuous manufacturing of silicon solar cells

Das Projekt "Low thermal budget processing for continuous manufacturing of silicon solar cells" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Angewandte Solarenergie durchgeführt. General Information/Objectives: In order to reach thermal cost reduction as well as environmental safety, new approaches are necessary in the silicon solar cells industry. The aim of the present project is to investigate a new continuous manufacturing line based on low thermal budget processing steps relying on an optical energy transfer to the sample. The general goal of the LOWTHERMCELLS project, carried out by five laboratories (CNRS-PHASE, FhG-ISE, IMEC, ENEA and INSA) in association with industrial companies (AST, ASE and SOLTECH), is the replacement of all conventional thermal processing steps in solar cell manufacturing by Rapid Thermal (RT) steps using lamp furnaces. The main objective is a reduction of the total number of steps. In particular, for homogeneous emitter solar cells, the goal is to perform an entirely passive 'npp+ structure in a single thermal cycle and to suppress masking and photolithographic steps for selective emitters. Technical Approach This project concerns, for three of the five tasks, the development of the cell structure. Rapid thermal diffusion is used for a simultaneous formation of the emitter and back surface field (BSF) from different doped sources such as glasses, SiO2 or polysilicon layers deposited by spin-on, screen-printing or CVD processes. For surface passivation, rapid thermal oxidation, PE-CVD and doped or un-doped glass deposition are to be investigated together with a rapid thermal sintering of screen printed contacts. For selective emitter solar cells, an additional laser treatment is used to over-dope the regions under the contacts and to perform the grooving of buried contacts. The two other tasks concern the characterisation and production of the solar cells as well as the conceptual design and evaluation of the process by the industrial partners. They will test the stability under encapsulation of the cells (Soltech), design a continuous processing line integrating all the RT steps (AST) and perform an accurate economic evaluation of the LOWTHERMCELLS process (ASE). As preliminary results, 16.3 and 14.1 per cent conversion efficiencies have respectively been obtained by FhG-ISE for 5 x 5 cm2 CZ and by IMEC for 10 x 10 cm2 multicrystalline silicon solar cells. Expected Achievements and Exploitation The main output of this project is a simplification and reduction of the duration and number of thermal manufacturing steps of high efficiency silicon solar cells. The measurable goal is to achieve for 10 x 10 cm2 industrial cells a conversion efficiency of 17.0 per cent on CZ silicon and 15.5 per cent on multicrystalline substrates as well as 17.5 and 16.0 per cent on small 2 x 2cm2 laboratory cells, respectively. .. Prime Contractor: European Renewable Energy Centers Agency, Eurec Agency EEIG; Heverlee; Belgium.

Stoffliche Nutzung von Fetten und Ölen als nachwachsenden Rohstoffen: Synthese von Zwischenprodukten der chemischen Industrie, hier: 4. Workshop Fats and Oils as Renewable Feedstock for the Chemical Industry

Das Projekt "Stoffliche Nutzung von Fetten und Ölen als nachwachsenden Rohstoffen: Synthese von Zwischenprodukten der chemischen Industrie, hier: 4. Workshop Fats and Oils as Renewable Feedstock for the Chemical Industry" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von abiosus Gemeinnütziger Verein zur Förderung der Forschung über nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V. durchgeführt. Internationale wissenschaftliche Diskussion und Gedankenaustausch der neuesten Ergebnisse auf dem Gebiet der chemischen Nutzung von Fetten und Ölen als nachwachsenden Rohstoffen. Die wichtigsten Forschungsgruppen, die auf dem Gebiet der Nutzung von Fetten und Ölen als Rohstoff für die chemische Industrie aktiv sind, werden eingeladen, auf diesem 4. Workshop ihre neuesten Ergebnisse insbesondere zur Synthese von Zwischenprodukten für die chemische Industrie und der Anwendung neuer, insbesondere katalytischer Reaktionen auf Fette und Öle zu diskutieren. Es ist besonders wichtig, dass auch junge Wissenschaftler, die auf diesem Gebiet aktiv sind, eingeladen werden, ihre Ergebnisse zu präsentieren sowie ein Reisestipendium und den Erlass der Teilnahmegebühren zu beantragen.

Li-Five- Fünf-Volt-Lithium-Ionen-Zelle mit hoher Lebensdauer

Das Projekt "Li-Five- Fünf-Volt-Lithium-Ionen-Zelle mit hoher Lebensdauer" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Li-Tec Battery GmbH durchgeführt. Ziel ist eine Lithium-Ionen-Batteriezelle auf Basis neuartigen nanoskaligen Kompositmaterialien. Hierzu werden Nanopartikel mit einem hohen Anteil an aktiver Oberfläche mit einer zweiten Phase zu einem Nanokomposit verbunden. Die vorgeschlagenen Arbeiten zur Entwicklung von Zellen für Großbatterien gliedern sich in vier Arbeitspakete, die die Ansätze zur Materialentwicklung abdecken. Übergeordnete Arbeiten umfassen die Analytik und den Zellaufbau und -test. Die Projektdauer beträgt vier Jahre. Das Vorhaben ist im Grenzbereich zwischen der Grundlagenforschung und der anwendungsorientierten Industrieforschung angesiedelt. Die Hochskalierbarkeit der verwendeten Herstellungsverfahren wird durch die Erfahrung der Industriepartner sichergestellt. Während am Forschungszentrum die Materialtest in Knopfzellen durchgeführt werden, besteht durch die Beteiligung der Firmen Li-Tec und Litarion der Zugang zur industriellen Zellfertigung.

DFVLR-Kampagne Skandinavien. Beteiligung am Projekt: The use of Nimbus-7 coastal zone color scanner, the NTNF fluoroscanner system and other in-situ techniques to measure algal bio-mass

Das Projekt "DFVLR-Kampagne Skandinavien. Beteiligung am Projekt: The use of Nimbus-7 coastal zone color scanner, the NTNF fluoroscanner system and other in-situ techniques to measure algal bio-mass" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Optoelektronik durchgeführt. DFVLR-Kampagne 'Skandinavien'. Das Vorhaben hat die Beteiligung der DFVLR/FB-NE Oberpfaffenhofen an einem Projekt zur Untersuchung der Verschmutzung von Kuestengewaessern in Nord- und Ostsee zum Ziel (use of Nimbus-7 coastal zone color scanner). Das Projekt wird vom Royal Norwegian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research koordiniert, unter Mitwirkung von Forschungsinstituten in Daenemark, Norwegen, Schweden und der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Die Beteiligung der DFVLR umfasst folgende Aufgaben: - Durchfuehrung einer Befliegung von fuenf Testgebieten mit dem erdwissenschaftlichen Forschungsflugzeug, parallel zu Satellitenpassagen von Nimbus 7. - Aufbereitung des gewonnenen Datenmaterials (Scannerdaten und Luftbildfilme). - Unterstuetzung der Experimentatoren bei der Auswertung der Daten am interaktiven Arbeitsplatz des Dibias-Bildauswertungssystems.

Advanced solar cells and modules from multicrystalline silicon

Das Projekt "Advanced solar cells and modules from multicrystalline silicon" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Konstanz, Fakultät für Physik durchgeführt. General Information: The ASCEMUS project has been initiated by PV cell and system manufacturers (BP Solar, Eurosolare S.p.A and Shell Solar Energy) including the leading European research groups in the field of low cost solar cell processing (IMEC and University of Konstanz) and wafer manufacturer (Bayer AG). The main objective is to create the efficiency break-through of the industrial multicrystalline solar cells and modules produced in Europe. The project will start with the selection and testing of these laboratory solar cell processing steps which give the highest chances for a rapid improvement of the cost performance ratio. A compromise between the final cell efficiency and the capability for a low cost mass production will be emphasised. The ultimate goal is an integral, low cost, high efficiency solar cell process with well defined fabrication steps tested for implementation in the industrial environment. Apart from the solar cell process itself much attention will be paid to module fabrication since the process of integrating solar cells in a module, contributes with one third to the overall module cost. The expected technical achievements of the projects can be summarised: 1. Development of the wafering technique of larger area (up to 150 x 150 mm2) and thin (200 micrometers) multicrystalline silicon wafers. 2. Thorough testing and optimisation with respect towards implementation into mass production lines of the following, multicrystalline cell processing steps which are crucial for efficiency improvement - uniform texturization process: chemical, mechanical or plasma - high efficient emitter diffusion process: homogeneous and selective emitter - surface and bulk passivation by means of PECVD SiNx - fine line screen printing of contacts - light trapping 3. Combining the most efficient processing steps developed on laboratory and pilot line scale into an industrially compatible integral process: - simplification of the industrial solar cell process by incorporation of co-processing techniques - thorough test on the pilot and production line with respect to efficiency, reproducibility, spreading and through-put. 4. Development of new module type with a simplified manufacturing process and high packing density The quantified objectives of the project are summarised below: - cell efficiency from production line: 16 per cent (cell area 125 x 125 mm2). - best solar cell efficiency in a pre-production(pilot) line: 17 per cent - module power of 36 cells in series of 85 Wp(16 per cent efficient cell) and 90 Wp (17 per cent efficient cell) respectively. - cost target of 1 ECU/Wp within the APAS/MUSIC cost model (production scenario of 500MWp/year) ... Prime Contractor: Interuniversitair Mikro-Electronika Centrum VZW, Materials and Packaging Department Solar Cells; Leuven; Belgium.

FuE zu Waermepumpen zur Waermerueckgewinnung aus der Abluft bei der Papiertrocknung, Erzeugung von Betriebsdampf

Das Projekt "FuE zu Waermepumpen zur Waermerueckgewinnung aus der Abluft bei der Papiertrocknung, Erzeugung von Betriebsdampf" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Battelle-Institut e.V. durchgeführt. General Information: Different possibilities have been studied to produce heat at 125 - 145 degrees c for a paper dryer from its waste heat at 80 - 90 degrees c. A comparison of the possible systems was made regarding technical feasibility, energy saving potential and costs. The two-staged absorption heat pump with libr/h2o was found to be able to work under the specific operating conditions of the reference paper machine. A 100 kw heat pump of this type was built and tested on a test rig. As a result of these tests the following modifications are being brought about: - installation of a pump to control the solution and avoid crystallization of libr - continuous measurement of the libr concentration - design of a new libr solution distribution system - replacement of the solution heat exchanger by a new apparatus with low losses.

Large area cadmium telluride electrodeposition for thin film solar cells

Das Projekt "Large area cadmium telluride electrodeposition for thin film solar cells" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme durchgeführt. General Information: The aim of this project is to develop further CdTe thin film technology and to drive the manufacturing costs for modules towards 1 ECU/Wp. Such cost targets are more easily achievable if the thin film material deposition can be scaled in size from 30 cm x 30 cm up to 60 cm x 120 cm which is an industrial objective. Thus the technical challenge is to develop and optimise large area chemical deposition methods for uniform CdS and-CdTe thin films capable of delivering large area CdTe cells with efficiencies over 8 per cent. This will require an increased fundamental understanding over the CdS/CdTe bulk material and cell properties and correlation of these to the large area deposition parameters. The objectives against the expected achievements are; - To develop, low cost, chemical methods for the deposition of large area (up to 60 cm x 120cm), uniform, CdS and CdTe thin films with solar conversion efficiencies higher than 8 per cent over the entire area. - To develop high conductivity fine line printed wires on large area tin oxide coated glass to improve the lack of conductivity for electroplating. - To develop a process for the integration of printed fine line wires on TO/glass with the large area cell interconnection. - To develop formulation chemistry for the fast electro deposition of CdTe. - To increase fundamental understanding of materials and cell operation in order to control large area thin film deposition and cell fabrication. Initially conducting fine lines (200 m wide, 60 cm long) on large area tin oxide coated glass, with good precision, will be developed. The synthesis of inks and pastes will be necessary to tailor material properties to suit TO/glass substrate and chemical deposition systems. The fine lines are expected to be alkali solution resistant (or encapsulated) for the CdS CBD process. Subsequently, large area CdTe electro deposition from an aqueous solution will be optimised. Characterisation of material properties and cell performance is expected to help control deposition and post-deposition annealing parameters for uniform performance; Cell and sub-module stability will be monitored. The summary of the partners in this project are; BP Solar, Europe's leading PV manufacturing company, PHILIPS (CFT) one of Europe's leading centre for manufacturing technologies, Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chime Analytique de Paris (ENSCP), world leaders in the chemical bath deposition of II-VI materials, Fraunhofer Institude (ISE) one of the Europe's leading PV institutes, Institut für Neu Materials (INM) one of Europe's leading research institutes in composit material science and technology, EC's research center at Ispra (JRC), Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Industrielle Forschung (AFIF)-ETH tecnopark, an industrial research expert. They are going to join their R and D efforts to develop large area CdS and CdTe thin film deposition methods and cell fabrication technology. Prime Contractor: BP Solar Ltd.; Sunbury on Thames;

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