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The continuous agricultural soil monitoring program (BDF) by the Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture, and Geology (LfULG) is operational since 1995, collecting and analysing samples periodically from 60 monitoring sites across Saxony, Germany. Stepped thermal analysis allows for the fast and cost-effective determination of different carbon fractions of ground soil samples. This dataset reports the analysis of 902 archive samples from the Soil Monitoring Program of the State Office for Environment, Agriculture, and Geology (LfULG) collected between 1995 and 2023, and 462 samples collected during a sampling campaign in September 2023. We report the thermal soil carbon fractions TOC400, ROC (ROC600), and TIC900 measured in air-dried and ground samples according to DIN19539 / DIN EN 17505 using an Elementar soliTOC cube. This dataset is part of a mid-infrared soil spectral library for agricultural soils in Saxony, Germany.
The continuous agricultural soil monitoring program (BDF) by the Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture, and Geology (LfULG) is operational since 1995, collecting and analysing samples periodically from 60 monitoring sites across Saxony, Germany. This dataset contains additional soil physical data for 441 samples collected during a sampling campaign in September 2023. Samples were collected from four sites across Saxony using different sampling devices (split spoon push core, steel syringe, sampling spade, soil rings) to evaluate their suitability for true-to-volume sampling. Total bulk density, fine soil bulk density and the fine soil stock were calculated using both air-dry and oven-dry weights. Particle size distribution was determined by wet sieving and the integral suspension pressure method (ISP+) using the Meter Pario+ system. This dataset is part of a mid-infrared soil spectral library for agricultural soils in Saxony, Germany.
This dataset presents a mid-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (mid-DRIFTS) Soil Spectral Library (SSL) for agricultural soils in Saxony, Germany. The SSL was developed using archive soil samples from the Soil Monitoring Program of the State Office for Environment, Agriculture, and Geology (LfULG). A total of 123 physicochemical soil properties (with varying availability) are included in the presented dataset, covering soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, various total and extractable elemental contents, soil pH, cation exchange capacity, particle size distribution, bulk density and soil water retention. In addition to archive samples, the dataset includes supplementary soil samples collected during an intensive sampling campaign in September 2023, which also incorporates soil physical properties data. Mid-IR spectra were recorded from 7500 cm-1 to 400 cm⁻¹, using a Bruker Alpha II DRIFT. All samples were (re-) analysed using stepped thermal analysis according to DIN 19539 / DIN EN17505. The presented SSL was built as part of the LfULG project FuE 42-Z771/2 and constitutes the foundation for integrating quantitative mid-DRIFTS as an analytical tool in Saxony's agricultural soil monitoring program.
The continuous agricultural soil monitoring program (BDF) by the Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture, and Geology (LfULG) is operational since 1995, collecting and analysing samples periodically from 60 monitoring sites across Saxony, Germany. Mid-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (mid-DRIFTS) is a promising analysis technique that allows for the determination of several soil properties simultaneously using chemometric models. For the calibration of such models, a Soil Spectral Library (SSL) including both soil spectra and analytical reference data is required. This dataset consists of soil spectra of 902 archive samples from the Soil Monitoring Program of the State Office for Environment, Agriculture, and Geology (LfULG), which were collected between 1995 and 2023, as well as soil spectra of 462 samples collected during an intensive sampling campaign in September 2023. Mid-IR spectra were recorded from 7500 cm⁻¹ to 400 cm⁻¹ at a resolution of 1 cm⁻¹ from air-dried and ground fine soil samples, using a Bruker Alpha II DRIFT with 32 device-internal replicate scans and averaging the spectra of four sample replicates. This dataset is part of a mid-infrared soil spectral library for agricultural soils in Saxony, Germany.
The continuous agricultural soil monitoring program (BDF) by the Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture, and Geology (LfULG) is operational since 1995, collecting and analysing samples periodically from 60 monitoring sites across Saxony, Germany. This dataset provides physicochemical soil property data for 920 archive samples available from the Saxon soil information system FIS Boden, including soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, various total and extractable elemental contents, soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and particle size distribution. Additional soil physical data (bulk density, soil water retention) have been merged from undisturbed sample data, resulting in a total of 123 variables, though with varying availability. This dataset provides the majority of reference data for the mid-infrared soil spectral library for agricultural soils in Saxony, Germany.
In Europe, atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen species is one of the major threats to ecosystems. Thus, quantification of the different fluxes and their interactions is essential to provide the basis for assessment tools to combat nitrogen accumulation in the environment. This project combines a range of established concepts to determine N-flux with a highperformance technique in infrared laser spectroscopy, which is based on novel quantum cascade lasers (QCL). The spectrometer is the first world-wide field application of continuous wave QCLs without cryogenic cooling, i.e. suited for long-term applications. It is based on two lasers at 1273 cm-1 (for CH4, N2O, H2O) and 1600 cm-1 (for NO2). The system was optimized and validated in the laboratory from August 2007 to November 2007 and has then been operational at the Swiss CarboEurope and NitroEurope Grassland site near Oensingen on the Swiss plateau until Mai 2009, allowing for integrated measurements at the field scale, which are otherwise not accessible. Our analysis of eddy covariance measurements in conjunction with semi-continuous chamber flux data and continuous N2O soil profiles suggests that gross production and gross consumption of N2O are of the same order, and as consequence only a minor fraction of N2O molecules produced in the soil reaches the atmosphere (Neftel et al., Tellus, 2007). Furthermore, the detailed analysis of laboratory and field data revealed that flux measurements of trace gases which rely on spectroscopic methods may be subject to significant bias due to a small but relevant cross sensitivity to water vapour (Neftel et al., Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2009). This insight has been published for N2O but has since been recognized as a general effect in laser based trace gas measurements. Furthermore, a comparison of analyzers for flux measurements of CH4 has been performed using a new field setup to simulate fluxes of trace compounds that would otherwise be below the detection limit and thus difficult to validate.
This project is aimed at the development of laser-photoacoustic spectroscopy to trace gas monitoring. Part A involves a home-made mobile CO2 laser photoacoustic system whose potential is further extended by the implementation of several new features such as the use of laser isotopes, photoacoustic Stark cell, multipass cells, etc. The regional field studies focus on VOC, ozone and ammonia monitoring in different environments. In collaboration with FAW Waedenswil the emission of key substances of fruits that are stored under different and varying atmospheres is investigated. Compounds of interest for the fermentation process include ethanol, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate and others. The second part concerns our high-pressure CO2 laser photoacoustic setup. Thanks to the continuous, rather than only discrete, wavelength tunability and the narrow linewidth of the laser source, this device is particularly suited for the analysis of multicomponent trace gas mixtures. Furthermore, time-resolved monitoring of the generated acoustic pulses and photothermal beam deflection signals is performed. These results yield new insights into molecular relaxation processes and reaction kinetics. Leading Questions: - How versatile are laser spectroscopic detection schemes with respect to atmospheric trace gas monitoring? - Which levels of detection sensitivity and selectivity can be achieved and how do they compare with more conventional techniques? - How suitable are laser techniques for field applications? - How could novel laser developments further improve the potential for environmental sensing?
In order to assess pollution with large microplastics (L-MP, 500-5000 µm) in the Lower Weser and transition to the German North Sea, surface water samples were collected with the RV Otzum (ICBM, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment), as well as with the RV Uthörn (AWI, Alfred-Wegener-Institute) in April 2018. Sampling was performed using a microplastic net (mesh size: 300 µm), followed by filtration in the laboratory over a 500 µm stainless steel sieve. Putative MP items in the size range 500-5000 µm were analysed by means of Attenuated Total Reflection - FTIR in order to determine the underlying synthetic polymer. Dominant polymer type in the L-MP sample fraction was polyethylene. Concentrations ranged between 1 × 10⁻² m⁻³ and 9.8 × 10⁻¹ m⁻³. The highest MP concentration was measured upstream the Weser Weir.
In order to assess pollution with small microplastics (S-MP, 11-500 µm) in the Lower Weser and transition to the German North Sea, surface water samples were collected with the RV Otzum (ICBM, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment), as well as with the RV Uthörn (AWI, Alfred-Wegener-Institute) in April 2018. Sampling was performed using a pumping system containing of a floating suction basket (mesh size: 500 µm) for pre-filtration, followed by the concentration onto a 15 µm stainless steel screen. Samples were isolated from the filter screens in the laboratory, thoroughly processed and measured via µFTIR imaging. Dominant polymer type in the S-MP sample fraction was acrylates/polyurethanes/varnish, and concentrations ranged between 2.3 × 10¹ and 9.7 × 10³ m⁻³, with maximum values in the area of the turbidity Maximum Zone of the River Weser.
<div>In order to assess pollution with small microplastics (S-MP, 11-500 µm) in the Lower Weser and transition to the German North Sea, surface water samples were collected with the RV Otzum (ICBM, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment), as well as with the RV Uthörn (AWI, Alfred-Wegener-Institute) in April 2018. Sampling was performed using a pumping system containing of a floating suction basket (mesh size: 500 µm) for pre-filtration, followed by the concentration onto a 15 µm stainless steel screen. Samples were isolated from the filter screens in the laboratory, thoroughly processed and measured via µFTIR imaging. Dominant polymer type in the S-MP sample fraction was acrylates/polyurethanes/varnish, and concentrations ranged between 2.3 × 10¹ and 9.7 × 10³ m⁻³, with maximum values in the area of the turbidity Maximum Zone of the River Weser. Citation: Roscher, Lisa; Fehres, Annika; Reisel, Lorenz; Halbach, Maurits; Scholz-Böttcher, Barbara; Gerriets, Michaela; Badewien, Thomas Henry; Shiravani, Gholamreza; Wurpts, Andreas; Primpke, Sebastian; Gerdts, Gunnar (2021): Abundances of small microplastics (S-MP, 11-500 µm) in surface waters of the Weser estuary and the German North Sea (April 2018) [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.937685 <div style="overflow-x: auto;", aria-label="Table of data for this location"><table>\n <tr> <th>Event</th> <th>Method comm</th> <th>Date/Time</th> <th>Project</th> <th>Location</th> <th>Latitude</th> <th>Longitude</th> <th>Samp vol [l]</th> <th>Duration (of sampling in hours)</th> <th>Microplastic [#/m**3]</th> <th>PE [#/m**3]</th> <th>PE-Cl [#/m**3]</th> <th>PP [#/m**3]</th> <th>PS [#/m**3]</th> <th>PC [#/m**3]</th> <th>PA [#/m**3]</th> <th>PVC [#/m**3]</th> <th>Cellulose chem modif [#/m**3]</th> <th>Nitrile rubber [#/m**3]</th> <th>PES [#/m**3]</th> <th>AC/PU/Varnish [#/m**3]</th> <th>Polysulfone [#/m**3]</th> <th>PEEK [#/m**3]</th> <th>PLA [#/m**3]</th> <th>PCL [#/m**3]</th> <th>EVA [#/m**3]</th> <th>POM [#/m**3]</th> <th>AB [#/m**3]</th> <th>Rubber [#/m**3] (type 1)</th> <th>Rubber [#/m**3] (type 3)</th> </tr> <tr> <td>U_10_30b</td> <td>Inhouse pumping system with 500 µm pre-filtration, subsequent filtration onto 10 µm filter screen</td> <td>2018-04-16T15:17</td> <td>PLAWES</td> <td>Outer Weser</td> <td>53.744</td> <td>8.238</td> <td>700.0</td> <td>01:47</td> <td>126</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>24</td> <td>14</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>31</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>0.00</td> <td>3</td> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>29</td> </tr> </table></div></div>
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