Improvement of tools and knowledge suitable for manufacturers, operators, developers and consultants to exploit wind energy utilization in ice-endangered and cold climate environment. The detailed objectives are: A. Improved formulas to predict ice accretion from meteorological parameters available; B. New icing map for entire Europe including number of icing days, distribution of intensity of icing, expected ice loads due to in-cloud icing; C. Statistics and correlations on wind speed, temperature and solar radiation over Europe; D. Effects of icing on power production and environmental safety for stall and pitch regulated turbines under different icing conditions in Europe; E. Analyses of operation of 'standard' and 'arctic' wind turbines located at harsh conditions in Europe; F. Specifications for wind turbines and their components for harsh climates; G. Improved safety; H. Market study for 'arctic' wind turbines.
