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MKonthly assessment of TPW for Europe

Assessment texts on monthly mean tropospheric precipitable water, provided by ECSM - European Climate System Monitoring, WMO Regional Climate Centre (RCC) on Climate Monitoring

Pegel Müsch 2 (Messstellen-Nr: 2718009400)

'Pegel: Müsch 2 / Gewässer: Ahr' ist eine Pegel-Messstelle und dient zur Überwachung von Oberflächengewässern in Rheinland-Pfalz. Die Pegelmessstelle Müsch 2 (ID: 613) befindet sich am Gewässer Ahr im Flusseinzugsgebiet Ahr. Die Messstelle dient zur Messung des Wasserstands.

Grundwasser-Messstelle 4102

Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des Grundwassers in Berlin. Überwacht wird der Elsterzeitl. GW-Leiter (GWL 3). Die Höhe der Geländeoberkante (GOK) liegt bei 30.57 m über NHN. Die Rohroberkante (ROK) liegt bei 30.42 m über NHN. Die Filteroberkante (FOK) liegt bei 65.80 m unter GOK. Die Filterunterkante (FUK) liegt bei 84.80 m unter GOK.

Grundwasser-Messstelle 7055

Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des Grundwassers in Berlin. Überwacht wird der Elsterzeitl. GW-Leiter (GWL 3). Die Höhe der Geländeoberkante (GOK) liegt bei 56.78 m über NHN. Die Rohroberkante (ROK) liegt bei 57.08 m über NHN. Die Filteroberkante (FOK) liegt bei 66.26 m unter GOK. Die Filterunterkante (FUK) liegt bei 94.26 m unter GOK.

Grundwasser-Messstelle 8063

Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des Grundwassers in Berlin. Überwacht wird der Elsterzeitl. GW-Leiter (GWL 3). Die Höhe der Geländeoberkante (GOK) liegt bei 37.25 m über NHN. Die Rohroberkante (ROK) liegt bei 37.84 m über NHN. Die Filteroberkante (FOK) liegt bei 59.45 m unter GOK. Die Filterunterkante (FUK) liegt bei 63.45 m unter GOK.

Global particulate organic carbon flux derived from Th-234: 13 ocean regions, 3 export depths

The 234Th–238U disequilibrium technique has been widely used to estimate the amount of particulate organic carbon (POC) exported from surface ocean layers to the deep sea. This method is based on determining 234Th fluxes from vertical 234Th–238U profiles in the water column and converting them into POC fluxes using POC/234Th ratios measured in sinking particles at a given calculation depth. We present here an extensive repository of POC fluxes, together with Th fluxes and POC/234Th ratios. Covering all the global ocean, classified in 13 regions, season and moment of the bloom and calculated at three different depths: i) a fixed depth (100 m) ii) the reference depth in the paper associated to the base of the euphotic zone iii) the 234Th–238U equilibrium depth. To ensure a compilation representative of the global ocean, the dataset were selected using the division areas proposed by the international network JETZON (Joint Exploration of the Twilight Zone Ocean Network); that agreed a division of the oceans in 13 regions based on their contrasted physics and biogeochemical characteristics. The stations from 234Th publications associated to each JETZON region were carefully selected according to their ability to represent regional environmental conditions. Furthermore, station selection was based on essential criteria such as data quality and accessibility, availability of time series, clear definition of export depth, measurements from established programs, e.g. GEOTRACES, and the presence of other additional relevant ancillary data. The data in the compilation are thus organized by region and include geographic coordinates, season, selected export depth, and other key factors (such as a description of the flux evaluation depth or the export depth zone). After 234Th–238U compilation, 234Th fluxes were calculated, when possible, at the three different depths, i), ii) and iii), under the assumption of steady-state conditions, following Le Moigne et al. 2013. Using POC/234Th ratios, POC fluxes are estimated from Th fluxes and both fluxes were included in the repository. POC/234Th ratios were chosen from pump samples, prioritizing particles larger than 53 μm when available. These ratios must be estimated at the flux calculation depth [i), ii) and iii)]. When they were not available at the calculation depth POC/234Th values were interpolated as described in the readme text file. The values of the ratios are included in the repository, specifying the depth at which they were determined and indicating whether they have been interpolated. Similarly, when 234Th, 238U concentrations were not available at the calculation depth, values were interpolated (see readme text file).

Welse, Blumenhagen, Neue Mühle UP (6950900)

Hochwasserberichte und Messwerte werden für die Flussgebiete in Brandenburg herausgegeben. Die Flussgebiete sind auf Basis der Hochwassermeldedienstverordnung festgesetzt. Mit Hilfe der Karte des Flussgebietes ist eine räumliche Orientierung möglich. Unter Pegeldaten sind Terminwerte des Wasserstandes und wenn möglich des Durchflusses der Pegel eines Flussgebietes aufgelistet. Über die Karte und Tabellen der Pegeldaten sind die Pegelseiten mit Grafiken und weiteren Informationen verlinkt.

Gewaessernetz_DLM25

Gewässernetz auf Basis des Digitalen Landschaftsmodells 1:25000 (DLM25), aufbereitet ursprünglich aus den ATKIS-Daten (Amtliches Topographisch-Kartographisches Informationssystem), mehrmals überarbeitet, mit zusätzlichen wasserwirtschaftlichen Attributen versehen.

Methane measurements at lander_2 in a coastal peatland at the German Baltic Sea in 2021

Rewetting peatlands is an important measure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, after rewetting, the areas are highly heterogeneous in terms of GHG exchange, which depends on water level and source, vegetation, previous use, and duration of rewetting. These challenging conditions require new technologies that go beyond discrete sampling. Here we present data from two autonomous lander platforms deployed at the sediment-water interface (bottom lander) of a shallow coastal peatland (approx. 1 m water depth) that was rewetted by brackish water from the Baltic Sea, thus becoming part of the coastal water through a permanent connection. These landers were equipped with six commercially available state-of-the-art sensors, and temporal high-resolution measurements of physico-chemical variables, including partial pressures of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), were made. The resolution of the field data ranged from 10 seconds to 120 minutes and was obtained for partial pressure of CO2 (Contros HydroC-CO2) and CH4 (Contros HydroC-CH4), temperature, salinity, pressure (water depth), oxygen (O2) (CTD-O2 with SBE-37SMP-ODO), the concentrations of phosphate (SBE HydroCycle PO4), nitrate (SBE SUNA V2), chlorophyll a and the turbidity (both with SBE-FLNTUSB ECO) as stationary measurements at two different locations in close proximity. The CTD and oxygen measurements provide exact water depth data for the respective lander locations. In the other data sets (e.g., CO2 measurements) rounded data are inserted instead of the exact depth data, which is 0.6 m for lander_1 and 0.9 m for lander_2. SUNA raw data are provided for completeness. However, we found them of insufficient quality to estimate nitrate concentrations due to interferences and biofouling. The deployment and recovery of the landers, and thus the measurements, took place between 02 June 2021 and 09 August 2021, and the sensors were operated under permanent wired power supply and a centralized timestamp. The sensors were maintained and cleaned bi-weekly. Results show considerable temporal fluctuations expressed as multi-day, diurnal, and event-based variability, with spatial differences caused by biologically-dominated variables.

Bottom water data of sediment incubation experiments under anoxic conditions

Enhanced mineral dissolution in the benthic environment is currently discussed as a potential technique for ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. This study explores how biogeochemical processes affect the dissolution of alkaline minerals in surface sediments during laboratory incubation experiments. These involved introducing dunite and calcite to organic-rich sediments from the Baltic Sea under controlled conditions in an anoxic to hypoxic environment. The sediment cores were incubated with Baltic Sea bottom water. Eight sediment cores were positioned vertically in a rack. Since the sediment surface was slightly oxidized by the bottom water (∼125 μmol l−1 upon recovery), the cores were left plugged on the top for 13 days to settle after recovery until the sediment surface was anoxic. To achieve chemical conditions that are expected in the natural system, 500l of retrieved sea water were degassed via bubbling with pure dinitrogen gas in batches of 100 l. Afterwards, between 50 and 60 l were transferred into an evacuated gas tight bag. After the transfer, pH and total alkalinity (TA) were measured to determine the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of the water. Afterwards the DIC was increased via adding pure CO2 until a CO2 partial pressure (pCO2 ) of ∼2,300–∼3,300 μatm was established mimicking conditions prevailing in Boknis Eck during summer. Stirring heads were installed on the cores. To prevent the development of oxic conditions, it was ensured that as little gas phase as possible was left in the cores. Elimination of pelagic autotrophs, heterotrophs, and suspended particles was achieved by flushing the cores with modified bottom water for 2 days with a flow rate of 1.5 mml min−1. Afterwards, a continuous throughflow of 700 μl min−1 from the reservoir of modified bottom water was applied, leading to a residence time of ∼2.1 days inside the cores. For the experimental incubations, six cores received additions of alkaline materials, three with calcite (Cal1 - Cal3) and three cores with dunite (Dun1 - Dun3), leading to three replicates per treatment. Two control cores remained untreated (C1, C2). The amount of added substrate was based on the rain rate of particulate organic carbon observed in Boknis Eck (0.5 mmol cm−2 a−). The incubation lasted for 25 days. The volume of water in each core was determined at the end of the experiment via measuring the height of the water column after removing the stirring heads. Bottom water samples were taken from the outflow of each core over a time period of several hours. Thus, samples represent the average outflow over the respective time period. Sampling intervals increased from daily during the first two weeks to every three to four days and weekly towards the end of the experiment. All samples were filtered through a 0.2 µm cellulose membrane filter and refrigerated in 25 ml ZinsserTM scintillation vials. Samples for TA were analyzed directly after sampling by titration of 1 ml of bottom water with 0.02N HCl. Titration was ended when a stable purple color appeared. During titration, the sample was degassed by continuous bubbling with nitrogen to remove any generated CO2 and H2S. The acid was standardized using an IAPSO seawater standard. Acidified sub-samples (30 μl suprapure HNO3- + 3 ml sample) were prepared for analyses of major and trace elements (Si, Na, K, Li, B, Mg, Ca, Sr, Mn, Ni and Fe) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES, Varian 720-ES).

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