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Found 152 results.

F 2.2: Risk management of farm households in Northern Vietnam

Das Projekt "F 2.2: Risk management of farm households in Northern Vietnam" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Agrar- und Sozialökonomie in den Tropen und Subtropen durchgeführt. Sub-project F2 Rural financial services and sustainable rural development in Northern Vietnam assessed in the 1st phase (July 2000 - June 2003) of the Uplands Program (SFB 564) the conditions of effective financial market functioning in rural Vietnam serving rural economic development with particular emphasis on sustainable agricultural production systems. The sub-project F2-1 analysed the factors that determine access to financial services, particularly credit and savings services, by farm households. The main results of the 1st phase of F2 were threefold. First, the so-called Conjoint Analysis showed that poor rural households are capable and willing to save. Second, the study of the secondary and primary data (118 households in Bac Kan province and 142 households in Son La province) indicated that the two state-owned rural development banks, the Vietnam Bank for the Poor (VBP) and the Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (VBARD) together have already an enormous outreach as it concerns the supply of microcredit. The two banks reach 58Prozent of all rural households in Vietnam. Nevertheless, the microcredit is heavily restricted to specific uses, among the uses being the purchase of livestock, one of the most popular presently. Third, participatory workshops with the farm households revealed that the debtors perceive their livelihood as severely threatened by the risk of failing debt-financed investments and other individual risks. As a consequence to the manifold risks that a rural household is exposed to, the households have adopted risk coping strategies to smooth consumption, nevertheless, adaptive strategies to stabilize income are lacking. This can result in coping strategies focusing on the exploitation of natural resources and human capital resulting in unsustainable livelihoods. Based on these results, the consequent conclusion is that more research is needed regarding the third corner-stone of rural finance in developing countries, which is microinsurance. Acquiring microinsurance counts to the adaptive strategies of vulnerable households. In phase 2 (July 2003 - June 2006) of the Uplands Program, sub-project F2 will therefore concentrate its research on livelihood clusters of vulnerable rural households, and their adaptive and coping strategies regarding risks. While adaptive strategies are ex-ante strategies and aim at secure income even in times of crises, coping strategies are a reaction to acute risks and are employed ex-post. Informal social networks and semi-formal microinsurance schemes count to the former strategies and either keep vulnerability levels constant or even reduce them. The latter strategies try to smooth consumption, nevertheless, often at the expense of the future livelihood, thereby increasing vulnerability. (abridged text)

Mapping EU heat supply: Mapping and analyses of the current and future (2020 - 2030) heating/cooling fuel deployment (fossil/renewables)

Das Projekt "Mapping EU heat supply: Mapping and analyses of the current and future (2020 - 2030) heating/cooling fuel deployment (fossil/renewables)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung durchgeführt. Heating and cooling (H/C) account for the major share of final energy demand in industry, services and the residential sector in the EU. It therefore plays a central role in achieving energy policy goals like climate change mitigation, security of supply and competitiveness. At the same time, the official statistics only provide an incomplete picture regarding H/C: Data is often scattered, incomplete or not available. This project aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the current state of the EU's H/C sector as well as possible future trajectories until 2020 and 2030. Main objectives: 1. End-use energy balances for H/C for 2012: A consistent end-use energy balance is compiled for Europe's H/C sector. The results are disaggregated by country, sector, sub-sector, building type, energy carrier end-use and temperature level. - 2. Current state of H/C technologies: This work package gathers information on the current stock of H/C technologies in European countries. It distinguishes technologies in buildings, industry and district heating and assesses the current performance of H/C technologies. 3. Scenarios up until 2030: Using the bottom-up models FORECAST, Invert/EE-Lab and Green-X, this work package develops scenarios for the evolution of the H/C sector up until 2030. The results are analysed with regard to final, useful and primary energy, CO? emissions, import shares, induced investments and RES-H/C shares. 4. Analysis of economic impacts up until 2030: The macro-economic model ASTRA is then used to assess the economic impacts of the different scenario results in terms of induced employment and economic growth. 5. Analysis of barriers, best practices and policies: Based on the existing literature and expert interviews, we analyse and discuss the barriers, best practices and policies for the increased use of RES in the individual market segments of the H/C sector.

Minirhizotron: Phenology And Root TraitS (Mr.PARTS)

Das Projekt "Minirhizotron: Phenology And Root TraitS (Mr.PARTS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie durchgeführt.

Tackling Leakage in a world of unequal carbon prices

Das Projekt "Tackling Leakage in a world of unequal carbon prices" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von International Network To Advance Climate Talks, c,o Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) durchgeführt. For the future changes of the EU emission trading scheme (ETS) the competitiveness and carbon leakage effects are amongst the most controversial issues in the debate an stricter caps and auctioning of emission rights. While carbon leakage is of major concern to climate policy makers, industry and industrial policy makers pronounce competitive disadvantages from carbon pricing for energy-intensive industry with trade exposure. Leakage effects are becoming increasingly relevant for the next unilateral climate policy steps in the EU and in a number of countries (Australia, New Zealand, regions and provinces within the United States and Canada). Producers who cannot pass through carbon costs may adjust by reconsidering investment and production locations. If carbon pricing through stricter policies at home gives room for more emissions abroad, this clearly needs to be addressed by the governments that have or will be committed to mitigation in their territory. Moreover, in a world of unequal carbon prices, industries with carbonintensive production need certainty about the policies that address leakage, and remedies should be considered at an early planning stage. Any of such measures, including free allocation, sectorspecific agreements an emission standards, and border cost adjustments, need to be coordinated with trade partner countries and in the general negotiation process an a global climate regime under the UNFCCC. The focus of the Climate Strategies Project an 'Tackling Leakage in A World of Unequal Carbon Prices' is to come up with 1. Framing the debate an leakage from the EU emission trading scheme after 2013. 2. Giving special attention to border cost adjustments and their role for major EU trade partners. 3. Providing insights by comparing border cost adjustments to free allocation and sectoral agreement, and their effectiveness in contributing to reduction of price differentials between different countries committed to GHG mitigation. 4. Delivering legal, institutional and quantitative analysis of border taxes. 5. Connecting the debate an border measures against leakage to the international negotiations an a new global climate regime after 2012. Further information available under www.climatestrategies.org.

KSI: B.A.U.M. Zukunftsfonds - Pilotprojekt in drei Kommunen

Das Projekt "KSI: B.A.U.M. Zukunftsfonds - Pilotprojekt in drei Kommunen" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Bundesdeutscher Arbeitskreis für Umweltbewusstes Management (B.A.U.M.) e.V. durchgeführt. Ziel des Projekts ist die Umsetzung eines neuen, innovativen Modells, mittels dessen privates Kapital zur Finanzierung und Realisierung von regionalen Maßnahmen zur Energie-und CO2-Einsparung mobilisiert wird. Gerade auch vor dem Hintergrund des vielfach in den Kommunen kaum noch vorhandenen finanziellen Spielraums kann dies einer Kommune neue Möglichkeiten erschließen, die Energiewende aktiv mit umzusetzen. Die Bürger haben somit die Möglichkeit sich aktiv in die Energiewende einzubringen, durch die hohe Profitabilität vieler Energieeffizienzprojekte mit Ihrer Geldanlage wieder Zinsen zu bekommen, wobei Sie über die Risiken selber entscheiden. Der Zukunftsfonds basiert auf dem Konzept der eingetragenen Genossenschaft, um allen gesellschaftlichen Gruppen und Institutionen sowie Einzelpersonen eine direkte Beteiligung zu ermöglichen, sowie die mit einer Genossenschaft verbundenen positiven Eigenschaften dieser Rechtsform zu nutzen.

Support for development of CDM projects in Thailand

Das Projekt "Support for development of CDM projects in Thailand" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von GFA Envest GmbH durchgeführt. The objective of the project is to support the client for successful development of CDM projects in the agro-industry sector in Thailand. Sector for CDM project development is agro-industry with focus on starch factories. Starch industry is highly energy intensive and produces significant amounts of wastewater. Furthermore, as part of the Cassava processing, pulp is separated as organic waste. The projects aim to introduce biogas generation from organic waste in starch production and decrease the factories dependence on fossil fuels. The supported CDM projects consist of two components: methane avoidance and fuel switch of electricity from the grid and fossil fuels to renewable energy. The technical solutions included the treatment of wastewater and pulp from starch industry for biogas production. The generated biogas will be used for electricity and heat generation. The development of the projects as CDM projects enables co-financing of the investment via the carbon sales. Services provided: The support consisted of 3 packages: Revision of the PDD for biogas from wastewater project: Technical revision of the Project Design Document as a '3rd party'; Assessment and revision of the 'additionality of the project and emission reduction calculations; Development of the PDD for the pulp to energy biogas projects: Development of a project design document (PDD) according to the regulations of the Kyoto protocol; Assessment and demonstration of the 'additionality of CDM projects which use pulp from starch factories for biogas generation; Preparation of the study about the pulp in the starch factories in Thailand: Development of the concept for the study; Determination of methodology, approach and stakeholders for the study development.

CLIMARK: Towards an Integrated Framework for Climate Change Impact Assessments for International Market Systems with Long-Term Investments

Das Projekt "CLIMARK: Towards an Integrated Framework for Climate Change Impact Assessments for International Market Systems with Long-Term Investments" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Berlin (Humboldt-Univ.), Department für Nutzpflanzen- und Tierwissenschaften, Professur für Agrarmeteorologie durchgeführt. Das Projekt wird von der MSU geleitet (Julie Winkler) und von der US-NSF gefördert. Partner sind Universtäten und Institutionen aus Polen, Ungarn, der Ukraine und Deutschland. In Deutschland ist die Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät involviert (Principal Investigators: Prof. v. H. Witzke, Prof. D. Kirschke, Prof. F.-M. Chmielewski)

Impacts of Solar Home System Usage in Rural Burkina Faso

Das Projekt "Impacts of Solar Home System Usage in Rural Burkina Faso" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung e.V. RWI, Kompetenzbereich Umwelt und Ressourcen durchgeführt. In remote areas with low electrification rates, Solar Home Systems (SHS) can be seen as a promising alternative to the investment-intensive extension of the electricity grid. The Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs provides funding to a project in Burkina Faso that offers SHS to rural households using a market-based approach. The SHS that are distributed can provide electric lighting and - depending on the chosen capacity of the system - allow for the usage of small electric appliances up to colored television. As part of the series of impact evaluations of development activities supported by the Netherlands on behalf of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, RWI and ISS assess the socio-economic impact of the usage of SHS such as improved living conditions, time savings, increased security, better health conditions, and educational attainment trough extended study hours. The idea is to conduct a difference-in-difference approach based on household surveys before and after the intervention, in combination with propensity score matching (PSM) to better match control and treatment households on pre-program characteristics (e.g. education, socio-economic status, income, asset-ownership, characteristics of the villages they live in). Following the roll-out plan of Yeelen Ba's activities, a baseline survey was conducted in November 2010 based on a random sample of villages that are in the program's catchment area. In total, 1,200 households in 40 villages (30 households per village) were interviewed. A particular focus was on the use of appliances and energy expenditures, as well as convenience and comfort aspects before and after the SHS was installed. For the difference-in-difference approach the sample will be divided into a treatment group consisting of households who will have obtained an SHS in the meantime and a control group consisting of untreated households. The follow-up survey will be conducted two years after the baseline survey in November 2012. All households will be revisited and differences in the changes in the outcome variables between the treatment group and the control group will be assessed, providing insights about how ownership of an SHS changes the socio-economic living conditions of the households.

Strategic Dialogue on Sustainable Raw Materials for Europe (STRADE)

Das Projekt "Strategic Dialogue on Sustainable Raw Materials for Europe (STRADE)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Öko-Institut. Institut für angewandte Ökologie e.V. durchgeführt.

Analysis for CDM potential in the biogas sector (Vietnam)

Das Projekt "Analysis for CDM potential in the biogas sector (Vietnam)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von GFA Envest GmbH durchgeführt. Objective of the assignment was to undertake an analysis of the CDM potential in Vietnam for a German electricity utility with emphasis on the general framework conditions for CDM projects and on the biomass sector. In a first phase the general framework conditions were analyzed and a screening of different sectors performed. In the second phase a detailed analysis of different companies was undertaken GFA ENVESTs responsibilities included Analysis and description of the general framework for CDM projects (institutions, approval process, challenges); Analysis of the AgroIndustry sector; Additional Screening of CDM project options (gas flaring, coal sector); Detailed analysis and visits to companies in the gas and oil industry, beer industry, starch industry, sugar factory; Elaboration of recommendations for a potential investment strategy.

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