Das Projekt "DE-LIGHT Transport" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Center of Maritime Technologies e.V. durchgeführt. DE-LIGHT Transport is a multi-national initiative supported by the European Commission's Framework 6 programme that is investigating the design and manufacturing of lightweight sandwich structures in the marine, rail and freight container industries. Sandwich materials, consisting of two thin facings separated by a low density core, can be used to produce structures that are both light and stiff. They also offer opportunities for parts reduction through design integration, improved surface finish and lower assembly and outfitting costs. DE-LIGHT Transport aims to further promote the use of sandwich materials by developing key technologies that will support the practical realisation of robust sandwich designs. Specifically, this will include: - A multi-material sandwich design tool. Previous work has often focussed on a particular type of sandwich construction (e.g. laser-welded steel or composite). This has tended to yield niche results with limited applicability. DE-LIGHT Transport will implement a more generic design approach that will allow the evaluation and optimisation of a wide range of material and structural mixes according to the requirements of a given application. - Strategies for joining, assembly and outfitting ? the bringing together and integration of separate sandwich panels and/or sub-components to produce finished structures. In particular, modular approaches for the off-line production of sandwich assemblies to exploit economies of scale will be developed. Testing and validation procedures ? to provide accurate and reliable methods of determining fitness for purpose. The above technologies will be demonstrated within the project through the design and manufacturing of six prototype structures. These will include deck and deckhouse structures for ships, a rail vehicle cab, and a freight container. Risk-based design principals will be applied throughout to ensure that the new designs comply with existing regulatory frameworks. It is anticipated that DE-LIGHT Transport will provide designers of vehicles and vessels with practical approaches to the implementation of sandwich solutions as an alternative to traditional stiffened-plate designs. In this way, the benefits of sandwich construction will be unlocked for a wider range of applications.
Das Projekt "Grey water treatment in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Institut für Abwasserwirtschaft und Gewässerschutz B-2 durchgeführt. In ecological sanitation, the wastewater is considered not only as a pollutant, but also as a resource for fertiliser, water and energy and for closing water and nutrients cycles (Otterpohl et. al., 1999; Otterpohl et. al., 2003; Elmitwalli et al. 2005). The ecological sanitation based on separation between grey and black water (and even between faeces and urine), is considered a visible future solution for wastewater collection and treatment. Grey water, which symbolises the wastewater generated in the household excluding toilet wastewater (black water), represents the major volume of the domestic wastewater (60- 75 percent) with low content of nutrients and pathogens (Otterpohl et. al., 1999; Jefferson et al., 1999; Eriksson et al., 2002). Most of grey-water treatment plants include one or two-step septic-tank for pre-treatment (Otterpohl et al., 2003). The grey-water treatment needs both physical and biological processes for removal of particles, dissolved organic-matters and pathogens (Jefferson et al., 1999). Recently, many researchers have studied the grey-water treatment either by application of high-rate aerobic systems, like rotating biological contactor (Nolde, 1999), fluidised bed (Nolde, 1999), aerobic filter (Jefferson et al., 2000), membrane bioreactor (Jefferson et al., 2000), or by application of low-rate systems, like slow sand filter (Jefferson et al., 1999), vertical flow wetlands (Otterpohl et. al., 2003). Although high-rate anaerobic systems, which are low-cost systems, have both physical and biological removal, no research has been done until now on grey water in these systems. The grey water contains a significant amount (41 percent) of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the domestic wastewater (Otterpohl et al., 2003) and this amount can be removed by the highrate anaerobic systems. Although high-rate anaerobic systems have been successfully operated in tropical regions for domestic wastewater treatment, the process up till now is not applied in lowtemperature regions. The COD removal is limited for domestic wastewater treatment in high-rate anaerobic systems at low temperatures and, therefore, a long HRT is needed for providing sufficient hydrolysis of particulate organic (Zeeman and Lettinga, 1999; Elmitwalli et al. 2002). The grey water has a relatively higher temperature (18-38 degree C), as compared to the domestic wastewater (Eriksson et al. 2002), because the grey water originates from hot water sources, like shower (29 degree C), kitchen (27-38 degree C) and laundry (28-32 degree C). Therefore, high-rate anaerobic systems might run efficiently for on-site grey water treatment, even in low-temperature regions. The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor is the most applied system for anaerobic domestic waster treatment. Accordingly, the aim of this research is to study the feasibility of application of UASB reactor for the treatment of grey water at low and controlled (30 degree C) temperatures.
Das Projekt "Phase 1: Earth and Space Based Power Generation Systems" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Technische Thermodynamik, Abteilung Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung durchgeführt. This study has to be understood in the frame of the global Energy Policy. A great part of world energy production is currently based on non-renewable sources: oil, gas and coal. Global warming and restricted fossil energy sources force a strong demand for another climate compatible energy supply. Therefore, fossil energy sources will nearly disappear until the end of this century. The question is to find a viable replacement. By using viable' it is meant a low-cost and environmental friendly energy. In other words, the question is to find an alternative to nuclear energy among all proposed but still not mature renewable energies. One of the solutions proposed is solar energy. Yet, two major concerns slow down its development as an alternative: first, it lacks of technological maturity and secondly it suffers from alternating supply during days and nights, winters and summers. The idea proposed by Glaser in the sixties to bypass this inconvenient is to take the energy at the source (or at least, as near as possible): in other words, to put a solar station on orbit that captures the energy without problems of climatic conditions and to redirect it through a beam to the ground. That is the concept of Solar Power Satellites. Its principal feasibility was shown by DOE / NASA in 1970 years studies (5 GW SPS in GEO). Project objectives: This phase 1 study activity is to be seen as the initial step of a series of investigations on the viability of power generation in space facing towards an European strategy on renewable, CO2 free energy generation, including a technology development roadmap pacing the way to establish in a step-wise approach on energy generation capabilities in space. The entire activity has to be embedded in an international network of competent, experienced partners. As part of this, an interrelationship to and incorporation of activities targeting the aims of the EU 6th FP ESSPERANS should be maintained. In particular, the activities related to following objectives are described: The generation of scientifically sound and objective results on terrestrial CO2 emission free power generation solutions in comparison with state-of-the-art space based solar power solutions The detailed comparison and trades between the terrestrial and the space based solutions in terms of cost, reliability and risk The identification of possible synergies between ground and space based power generation solutions The assessment on terrestrial energy storage needs by combining ground based with space based energy generation solutions The investigation of the viability of concepts in terms of energy balance of the complete systems and payback times.
Das Projekt "Optimised Radar to Find Every buried Utility in the street (ORFEUS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Tracto-Technik GmbH & Co. KG durchgeführt. This project addresses the requirement for advanced technologies for locating, maintaining and rehabilitating buried infrastructures (area II.3.3). Specifically it fulfils the requirement for locating buried assets. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is the only known non-invasive technique that can detect metallic and non-metallic buried objects, but conventional pulse time-domain technology has reached the limit of its development potential. This project will use innovative techniques to provide a clear advance in the state of the art. The project has three major objectives: - To provide a step change in the depth penetration and spatial resolution of GPR used for surveys carried out from the ground surface. This will be achieved by increasing the frequency and dynamic range of the radar by researching and developing Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave techniques and ultra wide-band antennas whose performance is independent of ground characteristics. - To prototype an innovative GPR-based real-time obstacle detection system for steerable bore- heads of Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) pipe and cable laying systems so that they can operate more safely below ground. This will require new antenna designs to be developed to provide a look-ahead capability and robust systems to be designed to protect against the hostile mechanical environment. - To increase knowledge of the electrical behaviour of the ground, by means of in-situ measurements to enhance understanding of the sub-soil electrical environment, and to provide information for scientifically based antenna design. The project will lead to practical solutions that can be implemented cost-effectively to provide a capability to locate buried infrastructure with accuracy and reliability. This will reduce the need for excavations in the highway, thus minimising direct and indirect costs, reducing the incidence of pollution and enhancing safety. Prime Contractor: Osys Technology Ltd., Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Das Projekt "Further treatment of digested blackwater for extraction of valuable components and conversion to dry matter" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Institut für Abwasserwirtschaft und Gewässerschutz B-2 durchgeführt. Phosphorus and nitrogen are valuable and should not be wasted or even worse recycled to the environment. An important resource in the sludge is nutrients which can be utilized through using sludge as fertilizer in the agriculture. Wastewater and excreta contain valuable nutrients that can be used in agriculture and aquaculture. Most of the nutrients, like phosphorous (P) and nitrogen (N), that a person consumes end up in the excreta. Nutrients are needed in developing countries as much as developed ones. Therefore, they should not be wasted. In nature there is no waste, all products of living things are used as raw materials by others (Esrey et al, 1998). Ecological sanitation systems (also called ecosan') are closed-loop systems, which treat human excreta as a resource. In this system, excreta are processed on site until they are free of pathogenic (disease-causing) organisms. Afterwards, sanitized excreta are recycled by using them for agricultural purposes. Key features of ecosan are therefore: - prevention of pollution and disease caused by human excreta; - treatment of human excreta as a resource rather than as a waste product; and - recovery and recycling of the nutrients. The problem of nutrient recovery from municipal sewage or excess sludge is not a new problem. In the literature, several papers have addressed the recovery of ammonia or phosphate from industrial and domestic wastewater, but not much with black water. So far many attempts have been made to control the process of self-deposition and recover nutrients as a fertilizer, which can be used directly for agricultural purposes as ecological sanitation advises. The aim of this research project is to find out further treatment methods of digested black water for extraction of valuable nutrients and convert them to dry matter and find solutions for dense urban areas and make usable compounds easier transportable.
Das Projekt "SAFIRA - Abstracts of the Workshop of November 17-18, 1999 at Bitterfeld / Germany" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig-Halle, Projektbereich Industrie- und Bergbaufolgelandschaften durchgeführt. The SAFIRA project (Sanierungsforschung in regional kontaminierten Aquiferen) focuses an the development of reactive walls for the treatment of regional contaminated aquifers. The project is managed by UFZ (Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig-Halle) and the University of Tübingen. Within the SAFIRA project, different research groups are investigating a number of different technologies at an underground test site in Bitterfeld. Among them is a consortium from the Netherlands, lead by TNO (Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research), with Tebodin, HBG/HWZ and Shell as partners. The Dutch research project is supported by NOBIS (Netherlands Research Programme for Biological in situ Remediation). Fall 1999, the SAFIRA programme at Bitterfeld had come at an interesting point. The test site had been officially opened, most results of the on-site mobile test unit had been obtained and the in-situ reactors had been started up. On November 17-18, 1999, UFZ and TNO jointly organised a workshop at the test site in Bitterfeld. The Workshop was attended by about 50 representatives from the different research groups involved in SAFIRA, NOBIS representatives and members of the Knowledge Exchange Group related to the Dutch research project. The workshop focused on: - the methods applied; - the results obtained so far; - practical, large scale solutions for the regional groundwater problem. This report presents the workshop programme, the abstracts of the presentations and a selection of the slides that were used within the brainstorm session. We do hope that the workshop and this report will be followed-up by a further and fruitful knowledge exchange between all parties involved and that this may contribute to finding innovative, optimal solutions for the regional groundwater problems in Bitterfeld and other areas.
Das Projekt "Sustaining the long-term efficacy of CpGV-based products agaings codling moth" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum - Rheinpfalz durchgeführt. The efficient and environmentally friendly control of insect pests is a major challenge of modern crop protection. Cydia pomonella Granulovirus (CpGV) meets these requirements par excellence. CpGV-based products are used to control the codling moth (CM), the most severe pest on apples and pears. CpGV products play a key role for different producing and distributing European SMEs and are applied on more than 100000 ha in Europe. Last year, the first reports became available of CM populations with a dramatically decreased susceptibility to CpGV products. A spread of the observed resistance is a threat to the continued success of CpGV products and to the economic basis of the CpGV producing and distributing SMEs. Sustaining the long-term efficacy of CpGV products is of fundamental importance for these SMEs. It is also to the benefit of the consumers and meets the strategic targets of the Community Agricultural Policy. A multinational consortium including all European CpGV producers and research groups that demonstrated excellence in CpGV research was founded to develop scientific solutions for the SMEs. This consortium aims to achieve the following research and development (R&D) related objectives: 1) Determination of the susceptibilities of different European CM populations as a first step in looking at the possible differences in their response to CpGV; 2) Determination of the mechanisms involved in resistance development of CM against CpGV; 3) Identification and characterization of more virulent CpGV isolates as an alternative to the presently commercialised CpGV isolate; 4) Production, formulation and field efficacy of novel CpGV isolates. By focussing on these research tasks and providing alternatives to the presently used virus isolate, this project will become a pivotal step towards the preservation of CpGV and thus the competitiveness of the SMEs producing and selling them.
Das Projekt "Potentials and constraints of the link of agriculture and ecological sanitation" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Institut für Abwasserwirtschaft und Gewässerschutz B-2 durchgeführt. By 2020, the number of people living in developing countries will grow from 4.9 billion to 6.8 billion. Ninety percent of this increase will be in rapidly expanding cities and towns. More than half the population of Africa and Asia will live in urban areas by 2020. Growth in urban poverty, food insecurity, and malnutrition and a shift in their concentration from rural to urban areas will accompany urbanization. Severe environmental degradation and hygienic problems caused by the lack of infrastructure are additional problems. The linking of urban and peri-urban agriculture and ecological sanitation could play an important role for the solution of the mentioned problems. Agriculture within city limits, socalled urban agriculture, became a survival strategy for many poor families in the last decades. These families would not be able to secure their nutrition without urban agriculture. This form of agriculture can be a vehicle to increase food security and health, to generate economic opportunities for people with low income, and to promote recycling of waste and waste water. The philosophy of ecosan is based on the consequent implementation of the closing the loops approach (Nutrient Cycling). Urine and faeces are regarded as resources rather than waste. If collected separately they could easily used as fertilizer respectively as soil conditioner. The objective of the research is to evaluate the potentials and constraints of the link of urban and peri-urban agriculture and ecological sanitation, in short UPA-Ecosan-Concept. The UPA-Ecosan-Concept enables sustainable resource management, prevention of environmental degradation through urban agriculture, an increase in soil fertility and therefore higher yields. The challenge is to prove this theoretical statement scientifically. It has to be evaluated, if an UPA-Ecosan concept fulfils the requirements of a system, which is safe, easy to maintain, and transferable to local conditions. However, such a system has to be as effective as possible with respect to nutrient recycling, sanitation and public health. A vital part of the studies will be the investigation of the safe reuse of faeces and urine and the social acceptability of re-circulation of human-derived nutrients. The results should lead to a catalogue of appropriate methods and technologies on which a sustainable UPA-Ecosan concept can be based. Such a catalogue is imperative for the development of clear political guidelines, which should allow an effective integration of urban and peri-urban agriculture and ecological sanitation in existing urban economies. As a final result, the catalogue should address the challenge of rapid urbanisation and corresponding growth of food insecurity and sanitation deficits of the urban poor.
Das Projekt "Sustainable Water management Improves Tomorrow's Cities'Health (SWITCH)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Ingenieurgesellschaft Prof. Dr. Sieker mbH durchgeführt. Context: With increasing global change pressures, and due to existing limitations, and un-sustainability factors and risks of conventional urban water management (UWM), cities experience difficulties in efficiently managing the ever scarcer water resources, their uses/services, and their after-use disposal, without creating environmental, social and/or economic damage. In order to meet these challenges, SWITCH calls for a paradigm shift in UWM. There is a need to convert adhoc actions (problem/incident driven) into a coherent and consolidated approach (sustainability driven). This calls for an IP Approach. Research conceptSWITCH therefore proposes an action research project which has as a main objective: The development, application and demonstration of a range of tested scientific, technological and socio-economic solutions and approaches that contribute to the achievement of sustainable and effective UWM schemes in 'The City of the future'.The project will be implemented by different combinations of consortium partners, along the lines of seven complementary and interactive themes. The research approach is innovative for the combination of: action research: address problems through innovation based upon involvement of users.learning alliances: to link up stakeholders to interact productively and to create win-win solutions along the water chain; multiple-way learning: European cities learn from each other and from developing countries, and vice versa.multiple-level or integrated approach: to consider the urban water system and its components (city level) in relation to its impacts on, and dependency of, the natural environment in the river basin (river basin level), and in relation to Global Change pressures (global level).Instruments and scopeAn IP with 30 partners, their resources, and a total budget of 25,191,396 EURO including budget for demonstration activities in 9 Cities in Europe and developing countries. Prime Contractor: UNESCO - Institute for Water Education, Delf, Netherlands.
Das Projekt "Improving the Livelihood of the Rural Population through the Production of Bushmeat in Ghana" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Arbeitsbereich für Weltforstwirtschaft und Institut für Weltforstwirtschaft des Friedrich-Löffler-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit durchgeführt. Background: Ghanas transition forests, neighbouring savannahs and timber plantations in the Ashanti region face a constant degradation due to the increased occurrence of fires. In most cases the fires are deliberately set by rural people for hunting purposes. Main target is a cane rat, here called grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus), whose bushmeat is highly esteemed throughout the country. The animal is a wild herbivorous rodent of subhumid areas in Africa south of the Sahara. The grasscutter meat is an important source of animal protein. Existing high-value timber plantations (mainly Teak, Tectona grandis) are affected by fires for hunting purposes. Thus resulting in growth reduction, loss of biomass or even complete destruction of the forest stands. It became obvious that solutions had to be sought for the reduction of the fire risk. Objectives: Since 2004 the Institute for World Forestry of the Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products, Hamburg, Germany is cooperating with a Ghanaian timber plantation company (DuPaul Wood Treatment Ltd.) the German Foundation for Forest Conservation in Africa (Stiftung Walderhaltung in Afrika) and the Center for International Migration with the purpose to improve the livelihood of the rural population in the surroundings of the forest plantation sites and simultaneously to safeguard and improve the timber plantations. The introduction of grasscutter rearing systems to local farmers accompanied by permanent agricultural and agroforestry practices appeared to be a promising approach for the prevention of fires in the susceptible areas. Additionally a functioning grasscutter breeding system could contribute to the improvement of food security, development of income sources and the alleviation of poverty. The following measures are implemented: - Identification of farmers interested in grasscutter captive breeding, - Implementation of training courses for farmers on grasscutter rearing, - Delivery of breeding animals, - Supervision of rearing conditions by project staff, - Development of a local extension service for monitoring activities, - Evaluation of structures for grasscutter meat marketing. Results: After identification of key persons for animal rearing training courses were successfully passed and animals were delivered subsequently. Further investigations will evaluate the effects of the grasscutter rearing in the project region. This will be assessed through the - Acceptance of grasscutter rearing by farmers, - Success of the animal caging, - Reproduction rate, - Meat quality, - Marketing success of meat, - Reduction of fire in the vicinity of the timber plantations, - Improvement of peoples livelihood.
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