High-quality near-real time Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) and its prediction for the next hours (Quantitative Precipitation Nowcasting, QPN) is of high importance for many applications in meteorology, hydrology, agriculture, construction, water and sewer system management. Especially for the prediction of floods in small to meso-scale catchments and of intense precipitation over cities timely, the value of high-resolution, and high-quality QPE/QPN cannot be overrated. Polarimetric weather radars provide the undisputed core information for QPE/QPN due to their area-covering and high-resolution observations, which allow estimating precipitation intensity, hydrometeor types, and wind. Despite extensive investments in such weather radars, QPE is still based primarily on rain gauge measurements since more than 100 years and no operational flood forecasting system actually dares to employ radar observations for QPE. RealPEP will advance QPE/QPN to a stage, that it verifiably outperforms rain gauge observations when employed for flood predictions in small to medium-sized catchments. To this goal state-of-the?art radar polarimetry will be sided with attenuation estimates from commercial microwave link networks for QPE improvement, and information on convection initiation and evolution from satellites and lightning counts from surface networks will be exploited to improve QPN. With increasing forecast horizons the predictive power of observation-based nowcasting quickly deteriorates and is outperformed by Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) based on data assimilation, which fails, however, for the first hours due to the lead time required for model integration and spin-up. Thus, RealPEP will merge observation-based QPN with NWP towards seamless prediction in order to provide optimal forecasts from the time of observation to days ahead. Despite recent advances in simulating surface and sub-surface hydrology with distributed, physicsbased models, hydrologic components for operational flood prediction are still conceptual, need calibration, and are unable to objectively digest observational information on the state of the catchments. RealPEP will prove that in combination with advanced QPE/QPN physics-based hydrological models sided with assimilation of catchment state observations will outperform traditional flood forecasting in small to meso-scale catchments.
Bei dem RV-Komposit handelt es sich um ein Deutschland-Komposit der über einen Zeitraum von 5 Minuten akkumulierten Niederschlagsmenge in mm. Zur graphischen Darstellung wurde in mm/h umgerechnet. Horizontale Auflösung ist 1 km x 1 km. Die horizontale Reichweite des DWD-Radarverbunds beträgt 1200 x 1100 bei einer Klassenzahl von 4095 und einer Verfügbarkeit von 5 min.
Radarprodukt PL mit horizontalen/vertikalen Seitenaufrissen - PL radar images with horizontal/vertical side elevation
Radarkomposit RX (Radardaten ohne Korrektur) des operationellen DWD-Radarverbundes - Radardata RX (Radardata without scaling) from the operational DWD radar composite
Radarkomposit RX (Radardaten ohne Korrektur) des operationellen DWD-Radarverbundes - Radardata RX (Radardata without scaling) from the operational DWD radar composite
Aufgrund von Datensaetzen aus Mitteleuropa, dem Mittleren Osten und dem westlichen Mittelmeerraum geht es darum, den mit Radar und anderen Mitteln erfassten Zugablauf in Raum und Zeit sowie das Zugverhalten verschiedener Vogelgruppen moeglichst umfassend zu charakterisieren und mit den oertlichen Umweltbedingungen (insbesondere Geomorphologie, Wetter und Vegetation) in Verbindung zu bringen. Im Rahmen des Teilprojektes 1 wurde ein neuer Datensatz aus dem westlichen Mittelmeerraum beschafft, um insbesondere den Zugablauf via Iberische Halbinsel bzw. ueber das westliche Mittelmeerbecken zu vergleichen und Rueckschluesse auf die Sahara-Ueberquerung zu ziehen.
The Tree Species Germany product provides a map of dominant tree species across Germany for the year 2022 at a spatial resolution of 10 meters. The map depicts the distribution of ten tree species groups derived from multi-temporal optical Sentinel-2 data, radar data from Sentinel-1, and a digital elevation model. The input features explicitly incorporate phenological information to capture seasonal vegetation dynamics relevant for species discrimination. A total of over 80,000 training and test samples were compiled from publicly accessible sources, including urban tree inventories, Google Earth Pro, Google Street View, and field observations. The final classification was generated using an XGBoost machine learning algorithm. The Tree Species Germany product achieves an overall F1-score of 0.89. For the dominant species pine, spruce, beech, and oak, class-wise F1-scores range from 0.76 to 0.98, while F1-scores for other widespread species such as birch, alder, larch, Douglas fir, and fir range from 0.88 to 0.96. The product provides a consistent, high-resolution, and up-to-date representation of tree species distribution across Germany. Its transferable, cost-efficient, and repeatable methodology enables reliable large-scale forest monitoring and offers a valuable basis for assessing spatial patterns and temporal changes in forest composition in the context of ongoing climatic and environmental dynamics.
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