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Land System Archetypes Output Dataset

Land use is a key driver of global environmental change. Unless major shifts in consumptive behaviours occur, land-based production will have to increase drastically to meet future demands for food and other commodities. One approach to better understand the drivers and impacts of agricultural intensification is the identification of global, archetypical patterns of land systems. Current approaches focus on broad-scale representations of dominant land cover with limited consideration of land-use intensity. In this study, we derived a new global representation of land systems based on more than 30 high-resolution datasets on land-use intensity, environmental conditions and socioeconomic indicators. Using a self-organizing map algorithm, we identified and mapped twelve archetypes of land systems for the year 2005. Our analysis reveals similarities in land systems across the globe but the diverse pattern at sub-national scales implies that there are no ‘one-size-fits-all’ solutions to sustainable land management. Our results help to identify generic patterns of land pressures and environmental threats and provide means to target regionalized strategies to cope with the challenges of global change. Mapping global archetypes of land systems represents a first step towards better understanding the global patterns of human–environment interactions and the environmental and social outcomes of land system dynamics.

CA1985: A global approximation of irrigation dam command areas commissioned since 1985

The spatial distribution of irrigation dam benefits is poorly understood at the global scale due to a scarcity of spatial information on irrigation dam command areas. Several studies aimed at mapping irrigated lands globally, but the spatially explicit attribution of irrigated lands to dams has rarely been undertaken. First approaches attributing changes in agricultural production to dams were based on aggregated areal units, such as administrative districts (Duflo and Pande, 2007), or watershed boundaries (Strobl and Strobl, 2011). These approaches represent only indirect approximations of command areas, and may be improved by considering spatially explicit dam- and location-specific parameters (e.g. reservoir storage capacity or topography). Such a refined dataset is required for better understanding the spatial distribution and properties of irrigation dam command areas.We approximated irrigation dam command areas for 1,370 dams with irrigation function which were commissioned across 71 countries since 1985. We approximated a) the extent and b) the location of irrigation dam command areas at 500m spatial resolution using global-scale assumptions motivated by existing literature. We first estimated command area extent [ha] based on reservoir storage capacity [m³], while accounting for country-level variations in the ratio of land irrigated with surface water per unit of total national reservoir storage capacity [ha/m³]. We then spatially allocated the estimated command area extent for each dam, accounting for parameters representing: irrigated cropland abundance (P1), topography relative to the dam (P2), watershed boundaries (P3), reservoir size (P4), national borders (P5), and distance to the dam (P6). To understand the sensitivity of the allocation towards the assumptions underlying the selected parameters, we tested 24 different allocation schemes with varying parameter settings. An overview of the datasets used for the command area extent estimation and the spatial allocation procedure, as well as an illustration of an exemplary allocation is included in the download. For a detailed description of the methods used to produce these data, please see Rufin et al. (2018).

Butterflies

<p>Original data comes from a project which takes or took place as part of the DFG priority program "Exploratories for large-scale and long-term functional biodiversity research". The data is stored together with descriptive metadata, in combination called a dataset, in the project repository (https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de). Species information was extracted from that original dataset. The second paragraph is part of the metadata of the original dataset.</p> <p>Diversity and abundance of day active butterflies along a land use intensity gradient.</p>

Heuschrecken_Raw1

<p>Original data comes from a project which takes or took place as part of the DFG priority program "Exploratories for large-scale and long-term functional biodiversity research". The data is stored together with descriptive metadata, in combination called a dataset, in the project repository (https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de). Species information was extracted from that original dataset. The second paragraph is part of the metadata of the original dataset.</p> <p>The effects of land use on arthropod diversity is studied in all three exploratories during the whole vegetation period 2008</p>

Araneae_Raw1

<p>Original data comes from a project which takes or took place as part of the DFG priority program "Exploratories for large-scale and long-term functional biodiversity research". The data is stored together with descriptive metadata, in combination called a dataset, in the project repository (https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de). Species information was extracted from that original dataset. The second paragraph is part of the metadata of the original dataset.</p> <p>The effects of land use on arthropod diversity is studied in all three exploratories during the whole vegetation period 2008</p>

Kurzflügler_Raw1

<p>Original data comes from a project which takes or took place as part of the DFG priority program "Exploratories for large-scale and long-term functional biodiversity research". The data is stored together with descriptive metadata, in combination called a dataset, in the project repository (https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de). Species information was extracted from that original dataset. The second paragraph is part of the metadata of the original dataset.</p> <p>The effects of land use on arthropod diversity is studied in all three exploratories during the whole vegetation period 2008</p>

Netzfluegler_Raw1

<p>Original data comes from a project which takes or took place as part of the DFG priority program "Exploratories for large-scale and long-term functional biodiversity research". The data is stored together with descriptive metadata, in combination called a dataset, in the project repository (https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de). Species information was extracted from that original dataset. The second paragraph is part of the metadata of the original dataset.</p> <p>The effects of land use on arthropod diversity is studied in all three exploratories during the whole vegetation period 2008</p>

ColRest_Raw1

<p>Original data comes from a project which takes or took place as part of the DFG priority program "Exploratories for large-scale and long-term functional biodiversity research". The data is stored together with descriptive metadata, in combination called a dataset, in the project repository (https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de). Species information was extracted from that original dataset. The second paragraph is part of the metadata of the original dataset.</p> <p>The effects of land use on arthropod diversity is studied in all three exploratories during the whole vegetation period 2008</p>

Wanzen_Raw1

<p>Original data comes from a project which takes or took place as part of the DFG priority program "Exploratories for large-scale and long-term functional biodiversity research". The data is stored together with descriptive metadata, in combination called a dataset, in the project repository (https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de). Species information was extracted from that original dataset. The second paragraph is part of the metadata of the original dataset.</p> <p>The effects of land use on arthropod diversity is studied in all three exploratories during the whole vegetation period 2008</p>

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