Das Projekt "Methoden zur Beurteilung der Chancen und Risiken eines Linking des EU-ETS mit anderen Emissionshandelssystemen" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Adelphi Research gemeinnützige GmbH durchgeführt. Nach der Abschaffung des australischen Emissionshandelssystems durch die neue australische Regierung ist zwar das für 2018 geplante Linking des europäischen mit dem australischen Emissionshandel unwahrscheinlich geworden. In anderen Ländern werden aber weiterhin Emissionshandelssysteme ausgestaltet und implementiert. Das Linking verschiedener Kohlenstoffmärkte bleibt somit ein relevantes zukunftsweisendes Thema. Aufbauend auf bestehende Arbeiten sollen die Kriterien für ein erfolgreiches Linking von Emissionshandelssystemen weiterentwickelt werden (z. B. ökologische Wirksamkeit bzw. Integrität und Stringenz, Abbau von Wettbewerbsverzerrungen, Verteilungswirkungen, Investitionsanreize). Im weiteren Verlauf des Projekts sollen ökonomische Kennzahlen bestimmt werden, mit deren Hilfe anhand von vorhandenen bzw. zu ermittelnden Daten (z.B. Baseline der Emissionsentwicklung, Wirtschafts-/Bevölkerungsentwicklung, Vermeidungspotenziale und -kosten, Handelsintensität zwischen den Linking-Partnern, etc.) eine Analyse der ökonomischen Auswirkungen des Linkings zweier Emissionshandelssysteme vorgenommen werden kann. Zudem sollen ergänzend zu den Arbeiten laufender UFOPLAN Projekte die aktuellen Entwicklungen in anderen relevanten Themenfeldern (z.B. Cap Bestimmung, Register, Allokationsregeln, Marktaufsicht, Marktregulierung, Umfang Offsetnutzung) untersucht und insbesondere die Ausgestaltungsmerkmale identifiziert werden, die vor einem Linking harmonisiert werden müssten bzw. langfristig konvergieren sollten. Aus diesen grundsätzlichen Arbeiten soll anschließend eine Methode zur strukturierten Bewertung eines Linkings entwickelt werden, die praxisorientiert und einfach in der Handhabung ist und als Orientierungshilfe in Form eines Handbuchs oder excel-basiertem Tool dokumentiert werden sollen. In einem weiteren Arbeitsschritt sollen die Kriterien und die Bewertungsmethode exemplarisch an ein bis zwei im Laufe des Projekts festzulegenden Beispielen überprüft werden.
Das Projekt "FuncTional tOOls for Pesticide RIsk assessmeNt and managemenT (FOOTPRINT)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Institut für Landschaftsökologie und Ressourcenmanagement durchgeführt. FOOTPRINT aims at developing a suite of three pesticide risk prediction and management tools, for use by three different end-user communities: farmers and extension advisors at the farm scale, water managers at the catchment scale and policy makers/registration authorities at the national/EU scale. The tools will be based on state-of-the-art knowledge of processes, factors and landscape attributes influencing pesticide fate in the environment and will integrate innovative components which will allow users to: i) identify the dominant contamination pathways and sources of pesticide contamination in the landscape; ii) estimate pesticide concentrations in local groundwater resources and surface water abstraction sources; iii) make scientifically-based assessments of how the implementation of mitigation strategies will reduce pesticide contamination of adjacent water resources. The three tools will share the same overall philosophy and underlying science and will therefore provide a coherent and integrated solution to pesticide risk assessment and risk reduction from the scale of the farm to the EU scale. The predictive reliability and usability of the tools will be assessed through a substantial programme of piloting and evaluation tests at the field, farm, catchment and national scales. The tools developed within FOOTPRINT will allow stakeholders to make consistent and robust assessments of the risk of contamination to water bodies at a range of scales relevant to management, mitigation and regulation (farm, catchment and national/EU). They will in particular i) allow pesticide users to assess whether their pesticide practices ensure the protection of local water bodies and, ii) provide site-specific mitigation recommendations. The FOOTPRINT tools are expected to make a direct contribution to the revision of the Directive 91/414/EC, the implementation of the Water Framework Directive and the future Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Pesticides. Prime Contractor: Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières; Paris; France.
Das Projekt "Weiterentwicklung des europäischen Emissionshandels nach 2012" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Öko-Institut. Institut für angewandte Ökologie e.V. durchgeführt. Ausgangslage / Zielstellung / Methodik des Vorhabens: Das europäische System für den Handel mit Treibhausgasemissionen stellt einen Eckpfeiler der europäischen Klimaschutzanstrengungen dar. Aufbauend auf den Erfahrungen der ersten beiden Handelsperioden sollen für die Zeit ab 2013 weitreichende Änderungen am System vorgenommen werden. In der Novelle der Emissionshandelsrichtlinie 2003/87/EG, die bis Ende 2008 beschlossen werden soll, zeichnen sich u.a. folgende Änderungen ab: Einführung eines EU-weiten Caps mit festgelegtem jährlichen Minderungspfad; Auktionierung als grundlegende Zuteilungsmethode; kostenlose Zuteilung nur noch als Übergangslösung, vorauss. auf Grundlage von europaweit harmonisierten, produktspezifischen Benchmarks; Einbeziehung weiterer Sektoren wie Flugverkehr und (perspektivisch) Schifffahrt; stärkere internationale Einbindung und ggf. Verknüpfung mit anderen EH-Systemen (linking). Hinzu kommt die Frage, in welchem Umfang der EH zu Verlagerungen von Produktion und Emissionen außerhalb Europas führen kann (Leakage), und wie diesen Tendenzen begegnet werden kann. Auch von Belang ist die Frage nach Wechselwirkungen zwischen EH und anderen Instrumenten. Das Forschungsvorhaben dient der wissenschaftlichen Unterstützung des BMU als federführender Stelle innerhalb der BReg und der DEHSt als vollziehender Behörde. Darin sollen wissenschaftlich fundierte Vorschläge erarbeitet werden, wie die oben beschriebenen Änderungen in der EH-RL praktisch umgesetzt werden können. Zudem soll die Bundesregierung im Komitologie-Verhandlungsprozess zur Ausgestaltung einzelner Regelungen durch Analysen unterstützt werden.
Das Projekt "Supporting SME driven olive industry to comply with EU directives directives by turining olive oil waste water into energy through innovative bioreactor biotechnology, and extraction of olive oil industry by-products (EN-X-OLIVE)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Tecnologias Avanzadas Inspiralia SL durchgeführt. Technical scenario: Olive production is a significant economic sector in southern Member States, especially in Spain, Italy, Greece and Portugal. However, the extraction process involved in olive oil production generates non biodegradable phytotoxic waste, and is therefore a significant source of pollution. Despite the introduction in the 90s of improved separation systems such as 2-phase centrifugation system, that reduce both water use and the quantities of liquid residues produced, the problems of waste toxicity, high energy consumption and the disposal of final residues remain. Olive oil production gives a final waste consisting in a solid and very humid by-product called alperujo (AL) or Olive wet cake. The problem of AL disposal has not been fully resolved and research into new technological procedures that permit its profitable use is needed. In addition, these wastes also contain valuable resources such as phenolic compounds, (approximately 53Prozent in olive oil mill waste waters), characterised by different biological activity properties which could be of interest in industry (i.e. their strong antioxidant activity). Current extraction of these compounds is not available from olive oil waste water, since technology is not fully developed and optimised to get large scale prototyping such as Pilot plant stage. Proposed solution: We propose a method focused on both treatment of olive waste waters with by anaerobic digestion transforming biomass into biogas, basically Methane, and extraction from liquid fraction of valuable products, such as polyphenols. vSynergy between these technologies will allow overcome technical barriers such as polyphenol inactivation of the digestion process, making more efficient the process and letting a higher purity of the waste water product.
Das Projekt "Rechtsfragen im Bereich Klimaschutz" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Ecologic Institut gemeinnützige GmbH durchgeführt. Das Projekt besteht in der laufenden rechtlichen und ökonomischen Beratung in Fragen des Emissionshandels und anderer klimaschutzrechtlicher Instrumente. Schwerpunkte bilden der Review zur Verbesserung der Emissionshandels-Richtlinie, die Einbeziehung des Flugverkehrs in den Emissionshandel, das CO2-Einlagerungsgesetz, die Überführung des TEHG in das UGB V sowie Rechtsfragen der Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung. Es werden die ökonomische Stimmigkeit der Instrumente und ihre Auswirkungen auf Umwelt und Wirtschaft untersucht. Weiterhin werden die Gesetzesentwürfe auf Verfassungsmäßigkeit, Gesetzgebungstechnik und Zusammenspiel mit dem bestehenden Rechtsrahmen geprüft.
Das Projekt "CO2 market; Report: Pathways to a global CO2 market" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung e.V. durchgeführt. The project investigates barriers and opportunities for establishing a global carbon market by linking future emission trading schemes to the European Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS). Applying an explorative model comprising international trade it explores the economics of linking emission trading schemes. Crucial design issues and institutional aspects of linkages are analyzed as well as the possibilities of linking the EU ETS to emerging regional emission trading schemes in the USA.
Das Projekt "Reduction, modification and valorisation of sludge (REMOVALS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, Fachgebiet Verfahrenstechnik I durchgeführt. The adoption of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC imposes the sewage sludge to be subsequently treated so it is expected by 2005 to increase twofold in comparison whit 1992. However, classical incineration to treat this vast amount of sludge must be no longer accepted from an environmental point of view. In addition, the Sewage Sludge Directive 86/278/EEC regulates the uses and properties of stabilised sludge for being either recycled or disposed. Both directives drive specific actions in two complementary ways. Firstly, a deep knowledge of current sludge treatment, such as mesophilic, thermophilic or autothermophilic processes, must be promoted to solve that problem in the UE ambit, taking in account the particular considerations of each treatment facility. In second place, the development of new processes must be supported to open new alternatives that could valorise that waste.The proposal aims at developing strategies for the disposal and reuse of waste sludge. The scope envisages to develop several processes for reducing both amount and toxicity of sludge, with simultaneous transformation into green energy vectors such as methane or hydrogen. In outline, mesophilic and mainly thermophilic and autothermophilic conditions will be deeply explored as classical alternatives for sludge stabilisation, assuring sanitary conditions of the treated sludge. Also, valuable materials will be obtained from sludge, such as activated carbons, which will be used in conventional adsorption processes and in innovative advanced oxidation processes.The main outcomes expected at the end of the projects are guidelines for technology selection in agreement with the geographic, economic and technical characteristics of the sewage plants, demonstration of the feasibility of new applications for the sewage sludge, manufacturing of activated carbon from sludge sewage as innovative recycling of sludge waste, and a deep understanding of the methods involved. Prime Contractor: Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
Das Projekt "Science-policy inferfacing in support of the Water Framework Directive implementation (SPI-WATER)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung e.V. durchgeführt. Many current water-related RTD projects have already established operational links with practitioners, in several catchments / river basins, which allow the needs of policymakers to be taken into account. However, experience has shown that this interrelationship is not as efficient as it could / should be. Often, RTD results are not easily available to policy oriented implementer (policymakers) and, vice versa, research scientists may lack insight in the needs of policymakers. This project proposes a number of concrete actions to bridge these gaps in communication by developing and implementing a science-policy interface, focusing on setting up a mechanism to enhance the use of RTD results in the Water Framework Directive (WFD) implementation. As a first action, existing science-policy links will be investigated. RTD and LIFE projects that are of direct relevance for the implementation of the WFD will be identified and analysed. The results of these projects will be extracted, translated and synthesised in a way that can efficiently feed the WFD implementation. Secondly, an information system (WISE-RTD Web Portal) will be further developed to cater for an efficient and easy to use tool for dissemination as well as retrieval of RTD results. The Web Portal will be tested in 4 selected river basins to better tune the product to the needs of WFD stakeholders, policymakers and scientists. In parallel, the Web Portal will be disseminated to WFD stakeholders. This dissemination will focus on how to better access and use the RTD results and practical experiences. As third action, this science-policy interfacing of WFD related topics will be extended to non-EU countries taking into account their specific needs. An assessment of recent practices and needs of non-EU countries, together with an in-depth analysis of the operational needs in two Mediterranean pilot river basins, will allow to prepare recommendations for an efficient transfer of knowledge. Prime Contactor; Hydroscan NV; Leuven; Belgium.
Das Projekt "Assessment of human health effects caused by bathing waters (EPIBATHE)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Weltgesundheitsorganisation durchgeführt. The scientific evidence base to support credible risk assessment for the design of appropriate microbial standards for bathing waters is insufficient. This is particularly true for Mediterranean waters, for new member states and for effects associated with exposure to toxic algal products. This is a pressing problem as Directive 76/160/EEC is currently in the process of amendment by the EU. It is therefore intended to address three questions, namely: a. What is the nature and level of the risk and how does exposure affect risk? b. What level of protection is afforded by the threshold values in Directive 76/160/EEC and CEC (2004)? c. How do the risks vary between fresh and marine waters and does the 1:2 ratio of the faecal indicator threshold values in coastal waters vs freshwaters ensure a comparable level of protection? In the first 12 months, this proposal will (i) complete a literature review and meta-analysis of current epidemiological data derived principally from UK and German studies, (ii) define data gaps restricting the application of credible health-evidence-based policy to bathing water standards outside these regions and (iii) design and agree a suitable research protocol for filling these data gaps. The second twelve months of research (from month 13 to 24) will (iv) implement this protocol and the project will deliver (v) a scientific report of the findings and detailed policy interpretation before the project end, i.e. 36 months following commencement. Prime Contractor: University Wales, University College Aberystwyth; Aberystwyth; Aberystwyth.
Das Projekt "Methodology Development towards a Label for Environmental, Social and Economic Buildings (LENSE)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Bauphysikbüro Prof. Kornadt und Partner durchgeführt. LEnSE is a research project that responds to the growing need in Europe for assessing a building's sustainability performance. The project draws on the existing knowledge available in Europe on building assessment methodologies. LEnSE aims to develop a truly holistic methodology that addresses the overall, integrating concept of sustainability. The main objective of LEnSE is to develop a methodology for the assessment of the sustainability performance of existing, new and renovated buildings, which is broadly accepted by the European stakeholders involved in sustainable construction. This methodology will allow for future labelling of buildings, in analogy with the Energy Performance Directive. The work should result in increased awareness of the European stakeholders and will allow adequate policy implementation on sustainable construction. The project consists of three main themes. The first theme is the identification and scope of the issues which need to be included in a sustainability assessment. This has to be wide enough to be acceptable and limited enough to be practicable. A broad consensus on these issues will be reached through strategic consultation of the relevant stakeholders. The second theme is the actual development of the assessment methodology. The content of the assessment will be developed for a limited, but representative range of key issues. Guidelines on how to address local variations will be provided. This work will be validated by the development of a prototype tool and tested on case study buildings. The key stakeholders on the European and national level will be highly involved in the development of the methodology, to guarantee a wide acceptance and implementation of the project results. These consultations will include national meetings with stakeholders and trans-national expert workshops. Thematic -stepping stone- publications, will serve as strategic reference and discussion documents for the stakeholder consultation rounds. Prime Contractor: Centre Scientifique et Technique de la Construction; Bruxelles; Belgium.
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