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Time trend of exposure to dechloranes: Plasma samples of German young adults from the environmental specimen bank collected from 1995 to 2017

Fromme, Hermann; Thomsen, Cathrine; Aschenbrenner, Bettina; Haug, Line Småstuen; Weber, Till; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Völkel, Wolfgang; Schober, Wolfgang International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 229 (2020), August 2020, 113593; online 12. August 2020 Dechloranes, like Dechlorane Plus ® are commonly used flame retardants identified by the EU as substances of very high concern (SVHC) because of their persistence and bioaccumulation potential. To characterize the dechlorane exposure of Germans in the last two decades, 180 archived blood plasma samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank (students aged 20–29 years) collected at six time points between 1995 and 2017 were analyzed for four dechloranes; namely Dechlorane Plus ® (syn- and anti-DDC-CO), dechlorane 602 (DDC-DBF), and dechlorane 603 (DDC-Ant). These were quantified using a GC-MS/MS method. Overall, anti- and syn-DDC-CO were detected in 88% and 98% of the samples, whereas DDC-DBF and DDC-Ant were found in 40% and 37% of the samples, respectively. The median (95th percentile) values were 1.0 ng/g lipid weight (l.w.) (3.0 ng/g l.w.). for anti-DDC-CO, 0.6 ng/g l.w (1.9 ng/g l.w.). for syn–DDC-CO, 0.1 ng/g l.w (0.6 ng/g l.w.). for DDC-DBF, and 0.1 ng/g l.w (0.2 ng/g l.w.). for DDC-Ant. The 95th percentile concentrations of the sum of syn- and anti-DDC-CO decreased from 4.2 ng/g l.w. in 1995, to 2.9 ng/g l.w. in 1999, and subsequently increased to 3.7 ng/g l.w. in 2008, and up to 5.9 ng/g l.w. in 2017. A statistically significant decrease with time was observed for DDC-DBF and DDC-Ant, but not for DDC-CO. Our medians found in blood samples in 2017 are similar to those observed in Germany in 2013/14, but higher compared to values reported in other European countries. Overall, more toxicological and monitoring data is needed to better characterize the potential impact on health. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113593

Levels and trends of industrial chemicals (PCBs, PFCs, PBDEs) in archived herring gull eggs from German coastal regions

Fliedner, Annette; Rüdel, Heinz; Jürling, Heinrich; Müller, Josef; Neugebauer, Frank; Schröter-Kermani, Christa Environmental Sciences Europe 2012, 24:7 Polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], perfluorinated compounds, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers [PBDEs] were retrospectively analyzed in archived herring gull (Larus argentatus) eggs from the North and the Baltic Sea over the last 20 years. The aim was to assess temporal trends and effects of regulatory measures. PCBs (sum of 7 congeners) were highest in eggs from the North Sea island Trischen, i.e., 3,710 to 20,760 ng/g lipid weight [lw] compared to 2,530 to 11,650 ng/g lw on the North Sea island Mellum and 4,840 to 9,190 ng/g lw on the Baltic Sea island Heuwiese. During the study period, PCBs decreased significantly. Concentrations of PFOS ranged between 46 and 170 ng/g wet weight [ww] at Trischen, 39 to 99 ng/g ww at Mellum, and 20 to 159 ng/g ww at Heuwiese. Since 2000 and 2003, concentration levels decreased in eggs from Mellum and Heuwiese, respectively. Perfluorooctanoic acid was the dominant perfluorinated carboxylic acid in the North Sea eggs (Trischen 2.0 to 74 ng/g ww; Mellum 2.6 to 118 ng/g ww), whereas perfluoroundecanoate [PFUnA] and perfluorodecanoate [PFDA] (means 3.9 +/- 3.6 ng/g and 2.9 +/- 2.3 ng/g ww, respectively) dominated in the Baltic Sea eggs. At all three locations, longer-chained perfluorinated carboxylic acids (perfluorononanoate, PFDA, PFUnA, perfluorododecanoate) increased during the monitoring period. PBDE concentrations (sum of 35 congeners) in eggs were in the ranges of 282 to 2,059 ng/g lw (Mellum), 116 to 1,722 ng/g (Trischen), and 232 to 2,021 ng/g lw (Heuwiese). Congeners associated with commercial Penta- and Octa-BDE formulations decreased during the study period. No decrease was observed for technical Deca-BDE. Effects of regulatory measures were apparent for PCBs and Penta- and Octa-BDE, while no consistent trend is noticeable for PFOS. doi:10.1186/2190-4715-24-7 (open access)

Retrospective monitoring of synthetic musk compounds in aquatic biota from German rivers and coastal areas

Rüdel, Heinz; Böhmer, Walter; Schröter- Kermani, Christa J. Environ. Monit. 8 (2006), 812-823 The polycyclic musk compounds HHCB (Galaxolide) and AHTN (Tonalide) are commonly used as synthetic fragrances in personal care products and household cleaners. These and other synthetic musk fragrances were quantified in different aquatic samples from the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB). While HHCB and AHTN were found in almost all samples, most of the other musk fragrances were detected only in a few samples and mostly at lower concentration levels. Blue mussels from the North Sea showed varying levels of 0.5-1.7 ng g(-1) ww for HHCB and 0.4-2.5 ng g(-1) ww for AHTN (ww, wet weight) in the period from 1986 to 2000, while blue mussels from the Baltic Sea were only slightly contaminated with synthetic musk fragrances. Lipid weight-related concentrations of synthetic musk compounds in blue mussels were higher than in eelpout muscles, bladder wrack and herring gull eggs. In comparison to the marine specimens, muscles of bream from German rivers had higher concentrations of HHCB and AHTN. The ranges of HHCB and AHTN concentrations in bream from the Elbe River were 545-6400 ng g(-1) lw and 48-2130 ng g(-1) lw, respectively (lw, lipid weight; five sampling sites, period 1993-2003). In the Rhine River, HHCB and AHTN levels of bream muscles were highest at the Iffezheim site (up to 9750 ng g(-1) lw HHCB, 1998). Even higher synthetic musk levels were detected in bream from the rivers Saale and Saar. In recent years, levels of both compounds determined in bream from most sampling sites have decreased from maximum values in the 1990s. As the concentrations of AHTN have decreased faster, the ratio of HHCB to AHTN increased from 2-4 in the 1990s to 10-20 in recent years. Zur Veröffentlichung (Volltext) | DOI:10.1039/B602389B

Biota monitoring under the Water Framework Directive: On tissue choice and fish species selection

Fliedner, Annette; Rüdel, Heinz; Lohmann, Nina; Buchmeier, Georgia; Koschorreck, Jan Environmental Pollution 235 (2018), 129-140; online 23. Dezember 2017 The study addresses the topic of suitable matrices for chemical analysis in fish monitoring and discusses the effects of data normalization in the context of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Differences between species are considered by comparing three frequently monitored species of different trophic levels, i.e., chub (Squalius cephalus, n = 28), (bream, Abramis brama, n = 11), and perch (Perca fluviatilis, n = 19) sampled in the German Danube. The WFD priority substances dioxins, furans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCDD/F + dl-PCB), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), α-hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCDD), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), mercury (Hg), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) as well as non-dioxin-like (ndl)-PCB were analyzed separately in fillet and carcass and whole body concentrations were calculated. Hg was analyzed in individual fish fillets and carcasses, all other substances were determined in pool samples, which were compiled on the basis of fish size (3 chub pools, 1 bream pool, 2 perch pools). The data were normalized to 5% lipid weight (or 26% dry mass in the case of Hg and PFOS) for comparison between matrices and species. Hg concentrations were generally higher in fillet than in whole fish (mean whole fish-to-fillet ratio: 0.7) whereas all other substances were mostly higher in whole fish. In the case of lipophilic substances these differences leveled after lipid normalization. Significant correlations (p ≤ .05) were detected between Hg and fish weight and age. Hg concentrations varied least among younger fish. PCDD/F, dl-PCB, ndl-PCB, PBDE, α-HBCDD and HCB correlated significantly (p ≤ .05) with lipid concentrations. Fillet-to-whole fish conversion equations and/or conversion factors were derived for all substances except α-HCBDD. Although more data also for individual fish would be desirable the results are nevertheless a step on the way to translate fillet concentrations of priority substances to whole fish concentrations. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.052

Biometric parameters of the bream (Abramis brama ) as indicators for long-term changes in fish health and environmental quality - data from the German ESB

Teubner, Diana; Paulus, Martin; Veith, Michael; Klein, Roland Environ Sci Pollut Res 22 (2015), 3, 1620-1627 Piscifaunal health depends upon the state and quality of the aquatic environment. Variations in physical condition of fish may therefore be attributed to changes in environmental quality. Based on time series of up to 20 years of biometric data of bream from multiple sampling sites of the German environmental specimen bank (ESB), this study assessed whether changes in biometric parameters are able to indicate long-term alterations in fish health and environmental quality. Evaluated biometric parameters of fish health comprised length and weight of individuals of a defined age class, the condition factor, lipid content and hepatosomatic index (HSI). Although there are negative trends of the HSI, the overall development of health parameters can be interpreted as positive. This seems to suggest that health parameters conclusively mirror the long-term improvement of water quality in the selected rivers. However, the applicability of the condition factor as well as lipid content as indicators for fish health remained subject to restrictions. Altogether, the results from the ESB confirmed the high value of biometric parameters for monitoring of long-term changes in state and quality of aquatic ecosystems. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-3008-3

Retrospective study of triclosan and methyl-triclosan residues in fish and suspended particulate matter: Results from the German Environmental Specimen Bank

Rüdel, Heinz; Böhmer, Walter; Müller, Martin; Fliedner, Annette; Ricking, Mathias; Teubner, Diana; Schröter-Kermani, Christa Chemosphere 91 (2013), 11, 1517-1524 A retrospective monitoring of triclosan (TCS; period 1994-2003 and 2008) and its potential transformation product methyl-triclosan (MTCS; period 1994-2008) was performed using archived fish samples from German rivers (16 sites, including Elbe and Rhine). At four of these sites suspended particulate matter (SPM) was also investigated covering the period 2005-2007. Samples were analyzed by GC/MS, either directly (MTCS) or after derivatization (TCS). TCS burdens of fish muscle tissue ranged from <0.2-3.4 ng g -1 ww (wet weight; corresponding to <2-69 ng g -1 lw, lipid weight) without apparent concentration trends over time. MTCS was detected at considerably higher concentrations in fish ranging from 1.0-33 ng g -1 ww (47-1010 ng g -1 lw) and increased until about 2003-2005. Thereafter, concentrations generally were lower, although at some sites single higher values were observed in recent years. In SPM, decreasing MTCS concentrations in the range 1-4 ng g -1 dry weight were detected while TCS was always below the limit of quantification. Assuming that MTCS concentrations are correlated to TCS consumption, the observed decrease in MTCS levels may be partly a result of the voluntary renunciation of TCS use in detergents for, e.g., laundry or dishwashing declared by a manufacturers’ association in 2001. Because of a lack of ecotoxicity studies for MTCS, a QSAR-derived predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) was compared to averaged ambient water concentrations of fish which were calculated from maximum tissue residues by applying an appropriate bioconcentration factor from literature. Since these calculated water concentrations were below the PNEC it is assumed that MTCS alone poses no immediate risk to aquatic organism. The conversion to a PNEC for SPM organisms and comparison with detected SPM levels of MTCS also revealed no risk. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.030

Biota monitoring and the Water Framework Directive - can normalization overcome shortcomings in sampling strategies?

Fliedner, Annette; Rüdel, Heinz; Teubner, Diana; Buchmeier, Georgia; Lowis, Jaqueline; Heiss, Christiane; Wellmitz, Jörg; Koschorreck, Jan Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. (2016), online 18. August 2016 We compare the results of different monitoring programs regarding spatial and temporal trends of priority hazardous substances of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Fish monitoring data for hexachlorobenzene (HCB), mercury (Hg), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) sampled in German freshwaters between the mid-1990s and 2014 were evaluated according to the recommendations of the 2014 adopted WFD guidance document on biota monitoring, i.e., normalization to 5 % lipid content (HCB) or 26 % dry mass (Hg, PFOS) and adjustment to trophic level (TL) 4. Data of the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) (annual pooled samples of bream) were compared to monitoring data of the German federal states (FS), which refer to individual fish of different species. Significant decreasing trends (p < 0.01) were detected for Hg in bream (Abramis brama) sampled by both, the ESB and the FS between 1993 and 2013 but not for FS samples comprising different fish species. Data for HCB and PFOS were more heterogeneous due to a smaller database and gave no consistent results. Obviously, normalization could not compensate differences in sampling strategies. The results suggest that the data treatment procedure proposed in the guidance document has shortcomings and emphasize the importance of highly standardized sampling programs in trend monitoring or whenever results between sites have to be compared. doi:10.1007/s11356-016-7442-2

Charakterisierung von Exosomen nach in vitro und in vivo Bestrahlung als Marker der Strahlenexposition - Vorhaben 3616S32260

Exosomen sind eine Klasse extrazellulärer Vesikel, die von den allermeisten Zelltypen freigesetzt werden. Sie enthalten Proteine, Lipide und Nukleinsäuren. Zunächst wurden Exosomen lediglich als Instrumente zur Ausschleusung zellulärer Bestandteile gesehen. Mittlerweile ist aber auch bekannt, dass Exosomen von anderen Zellen aufgenommen werden und deren Phänotyp beeinflussen und somit ein Element der Zell-Zell Kommunikation darstellen. In einigen Tumorzelllinien wurde bereits gezeigt, dass ionisierende Strahlung die Zusammensetzung und Funktion von Exosomen verändert (AP1). Untersuchungen zum Einfluss ionisierender Strahlung auf die exosomen-vermittelte Zell-Zell Kommunikation von nicht-malignen normalen Zellen fehlen derzeit noch weitgehend. In diesem Projekt wurden strahlen-induzierte Veränderungen in der Protein und microRNA Zusammensetzung von Exosomen aus verschiedenen nicht-malignen Zellkultur Modellsystemen identifiziert (Lymphozyten, Fibroblasten, Endothel- und Epitehlzellen, AP2-AP4). Dabei bezogen sich die Proteinveränderungen sowohl auf Proteine in den Exosomen als auch auf deren Oberfläche (AP3). Unter anderem wurden auch Veränderungen in Exosomen nachgewiesen, die aus primären Lymphozyten von gesunden Spendern nach ex vivo Bestrahlung freigesetzt wurden. Um diese Ergebnisse in vivo Daten gegenüberzustellen wurden in AP5 Kandidatenproteine und microRNAs in Exosomen aus dem Blut von Strahlentherapiepatienten untersucht. Insgesamt zeigte dieses Projekt, dass exosomale microRNA und Protein Signaturen nach in vitro Bestrahlung der Donorzellen zelltyp- und dosis-spezifisch verändert werden. Auch nach in vivo Bestrahlung (Strahlentherapiepatienten) wurden Veränderungen in der exosomalen microRNA und Proteinzusammensetzung festgestellt. Da sich Exosomen durch ihre Stabilität auszeichnen und außerdem biologische Marker beinhalten, die nicht immer in den korrespondierenden Körperflüssigkeiten vorkommen, könnten diese besonders empfindliche und spezifische diagnostische Signaturen liefern. Die hier gefundenen Veränderungen sollten in weiteren strahlen-relevanten Kollektiven validiert werden um deren Eignung als Biomarker für Strahlenexposition zu testen. Zum weiteren Verständnis von Strahlenrisiken sollten auch potentielle funktionelle Unterschiede von Exosomen aus bestrahlten und nichtbestrahlten Zellen in einem Folgeprojekt abgeschätzt werden.

GW-Messstelle BERGB 8-NORDICK- (Betreibermessstellen)

Grundwassermessstellen dienen der Überwachung des Grundwassers. Dieser Datensatz enthält die Messdaten der Messstelle BERGB 8-NORDICK-. Wasserart: reines Grundwasser

Einfluss von Wasser auf die Erhaltung von Lipiden in Böden

Das Projekt "Einfluss von Wasser auf die Erhaltung von Lipiden in Böden" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Bayreuth, Fachgruppe Geowissenschaften, Bayreuther Zentrum für Ökologie und Umweltforschung (BayCEER), Lehrstuhl für Agrarökosystemforschung durchgeführt. Changing precipitation patterns i.e. an increase in intense rain events during the winter season and a higher frequency in drought conditions during the summer season, are predicted in the near future within Central and Western Europe. The influence of such climate changes on plant, microbial biomass and organic matter in soil are not completely understood. Our collaborative (UK/German) research programme will focus on the incorporation, degradation and preservation of plant and microbial derived lipids present at different depths in grassland soils. We will compare the lipid composition and preservation in grassland soils under stagnic (permanently wet) or drained (more frequent drying and rewetting) conditions. New shared approaches, including isotopic tracers like 15N, 13C, and 14C (latter only laboratory.) at the molecular level, will be used by both UK and German members of the research team in number of linked collaborative field and laboratory experiments. In collaboration with Roland Bol, Jennifer Dungait, Liz Dixon (all North Wyke Research, Okehampton, UK) and Richard Evershed (University of Bristol, Bristol, UK).

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