Das Projekt "D 3: Micro-economic and regional assessment of sustainability of mountain farming systems in Northern Thailand and Northern Vietnam" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Landwirtschaftliche Betriebslehre durchgeführt. High and increasing population pressure in the mountainous regions of northern Thailand and Vietnam has resulted in land use practices that induce heavy soil erosion and degradation of soil and water resources. These land use practices are part of a complex farming system where some long-established ethnic groups, like the Black Thai in Vietnam and the Karen in Thailand, combine irrigated rice fields i n the mountain valleys and adjoining terraces with various upland crops under rotational cultivation in the lower parts of the uplands. Other ethnic groups such as the Dao and Hmong in Vietnam and the Lahu, Akha and Hmong in Thailand, who more recently migrated to these areas, cultivate the higher altitudes in a diversified combination of swidden fallow systems and permanent tree crops. Different types of animal husbandry with varying intensity add to the complexity of the farming systems. Some households members may also be engaged in agricultural processing and in off-farm activities. Overlaying this typical structure are large variations according to agro-ecological conditions and economic and institutional settings. This subproject aims at characterising and modelling these farming systems with their interlinkages, representing typical ecological, ethnic, social and institutional / infrastructural situations. On this basis, it will evaluate the economics of labour use in crops and animal production, resource conservation measures and off-farm activities. This will be the basis for analysing in an interdisciplinary approach the competitiveness of fruit tree production (D1) with improved irrigation (B1) and introduced cover crops (C1) in Thailand and resource conservation measures tested in B3 and improved animal production activities (D2), both in Vietnam. Constraints and requirements for making improved agricultural practices economically viable will be identified. This will provide important feedback to these subprojects to possibly extend or modify research direction, particularly for the next phases of the research program. The subproject will have two components, one carrying out the work in the Northern Thailand project region, the other in Northern Vietnam. The villages and farm households to be selected will include in Thailand those, where the subprojects D1, B1 and C1 are located, and in Vietnam those where B3 and D2 are located. The Thailand component can build on previous research work in Northern Thailand carried out by various Thai researchers (funded under the DAAD-PhD and other programs); it will focus on updating and complementing the earlier work. The Vietnam component will focus on the Son La and Bac Kan provinces and in a similar way as in Thailand complement earlier and ongoing research carried out in the Son La province (see A. Luibrand, own research). The subproject intends to use an innovative approach to address the aggregation problem. (abridged text)
Das Projekt "D 2.2: Efficiency of smallholder animal husbandry depending on intensity of management and genetic potential of livestock in mountainous reg. of Northern VN, development of community driven breeding progr. using genotypes with high productive adapt" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Tierproduktion in den Tropen und Subtropen durchgeführt. During the first project phase a comprehensive analysis of smallholder livestock production systems with a special focus on pig production has been carried out. In a juxtaposition of the smallholder pig production system of 'demand driven' (close to town) and 'resource driven' (farer from town), different production intensity levels have been described and resource limitations have been identified. Production and breeding objectives were identified. The results suggest that the resource driven small-holder pig production can be improved through specific breeding programmes, which utilise genotypes with high productive adaptability in order to make most efficient use of the available local resources, and by integrating breeding between different intensity levels in a stratified approach. At present, no breeding programmes exist for resource poor smallholder systems, because of infra-structural shortcomings and the limited knowledge on the 'productive adaptability' (i.e. performance under harsh production conditions) of the locally avail-able livestock. Therefore in the next step it is required to determine the productive adaptability of different genotypes under field conditions. Special emphasis will be given to disease tolerance/ resistance traits (SP D4.1 Parasitology)). Priority is given to pigs, however further attention will be paid also to ruminants specially in the resource driven systems, whereas under demand driven conditions resource competition between pig and poultry production will be considered. Therefore in the second project phase the emphasis is placed on: - Determination of the productive adaptability of different livestock genotypes and their resource use efficiency (specifically feed, labour and capital efficiency). - Valuation of farmer breed and trait preferences, as well as the trade-offs farmers are willing to make between such breeds or traits, in order to support the definition of breeding goals. - Development of appropriate, cost-effective and sustainable village breeding programmes incorporating these genotypes. - Identification and assessment of the relative importance of the principal policy and market factors determining trends in the utilisation of indigenous breeds. 'Demand driven' and 'resource driven' livestock systems will be assessed in parallel and comparatively. The juxtaposition of these systems producing at different intensity levels and coping with different resource limitations is further used as a principal analytical tool of the study. Methods to conduct on-farm performance testing will be further developed. Appropriate parameters for on-farm performance testing selected for genetic and economic suitability and feasibility of reliable recording (supported by the results of the farmer trait preference work) will be used for regular herd monitoring by farmers (short term benefit). In the long-run they will be fed into a data base and pro-vide a basis for village breeding programmes. (abridged text).
Das Projekt "Methodologies for Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Employment and Incomes" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie gGmbH durchgeführt. Im Auftrag der International Labour Organization (ILO) analysierte das Wuppertal Institut mögliche Methoden zur Quantifizierung der Wirkungen von Klimawandel, Anpassungs- und Vermeidungsmaßnahmen auf Beschäftigung und Einkommen in den verschiedenen Ländern der Welt. Darauf aufbauend wurden Empfehlungen für mögliche weiter gehende Arbeiten der ILO auf diesem Gebiet entwickelt.
Das Projekt "Kompendium: 'Arbeit und Umwelt' für die lokalen Agenda 21 Akteure in Nordrhein-Westfalen" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie gGmbH durchgeführt. Im Rahmen eines Kompendiums werden der derzeitige Wissensstand zur Integration der Politikfelder 'Arbeit' und 'Umwelt' in allgemeinverständlicher Form aufbereitet, Best Practices dokumentiert und Handlungsempfehlungen für lokalpolitische Akteure formuliert. Der inhaltliche Aufbau orientiert sich an folgenden Themen: - Grundbegriffe und Zusammenhänge im Kontext von Nachhaltiger Entwicklung und Zukunft der Arbeit - Entwicklung eines Leitbildes 'Nachhaltige Arbeit' - Internationale Arbeitsteilung, Auswirkungen der WTO-Politik - Arbeitsplatzeffekte nachhaltiger Politik (Energie und Landwirtschaft) - Dokumentation von Best Practices (Schwerpunkt NRW) - Empfehlungen für die Lokale Agenda 21 im Handlungsfeld 'Arbeit und Umwelt'. Die Veröffentlichung erfolgt in enger Abstimmung mit dem zuständigen Fachreferat des Umweltministeriums Nordrhein-Westfalen.
Das Projekt "Einsatz der Nah-Infrarot Spektroskopie (NIRS) zur Ermittlung der Masse und Verteilung von Feinwurzeln in Waldböden" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Freiburg, Waldbau-Institut durchgeführt. Feinwurzeln sind für Untersuchungen der Interaktionen von Boden und Pflanze, sowie des unterirdischen Kohlenstoff- und Nährstoffkreislaufs von sehr großer Bedeutung. In der Vergangenheit basierten diese Untersuchungen entweder auf Feinwurzeln, die durch Bohrungen mitsamt Boden gesammelt und anschließend im Labor analysiert wurden, auf Profilmethoden, oder auf der Beobachtung von Feinwurzeln durch (Mini-) Rhizotrone. Letztere Methoden sind in ihren Einsatzmöglichkeiten limitiert und werden Anforderungen an große Probenzahlen nicht gerecht. Bei der Entnahme von Bohrkernen müssen Feinwurzeln zunächst vom Boden getrennt werden, bevor sie nach Art, Vitalität oder Durchmesser sortiert werden. Dies ist sehr zeit- und arbeitsintensiv. Die hohe räumliche und zeitliche Variabilität von Feinwurzelparametern erfordert aber einen hohen Probendurchsatz um zu gesicherten Aussagen zu kommen. In dem beantragten Projekt soll untersucht werden ob die Nahinfrarot-Spektrospkopie (NIRS) eingesetzt werden kann, um Feinwurzeln verschiedener Pflanzenarten, lebende und tote Wurzeln sowie Wurzel und Bodenmaterial anhand ihrer spektralen Eigenschaften zu unterscheiden und zu quantifizieren. Dies würde in Zukunft das aufwendige Sortieren von Wurzelfraktionen oder auch die Trennung von Wurzeln und Boden erübrigen. Diese Vereinfachung kann unser Verständnis der Dynamik des unterirdischen Ökosystems deutlich vorantreiben. Die NIRS Methode zur Feinwurzelbestimmung soll für forstwirtschaftlich bedeutsame Arten und für eine Bandbreite von Standorten durchgeführt werden, die sich in ihren chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften unterscheiden.
Das Projekt "Capacity Building for Renewable Energy Planning in Cuban Higher Education Institutions (CRECE)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Europa-Universität Flensburg, Interdisziplinäres Institut für Umwelt-, Sozial- und Humanwissenschaften, Abteilung Energie- und Umweltmanagement (EUM) - Industrial durchgeführt. The CRECE project supports Cuba in the provision of regionally relevant multidisciplinary education in sustainable energy engineering and renewable energy development. This is done in order to ensure that Cuban higher education institutions (HEIs) are better equipped and able to provide high-quality experts for the ever-growing societal and energy sector development needs. The Cuban energy sector is undergoing a state-led transformation. So far, this 'Energy Revolution' has improved energy efficiency but harnessing renewable energy (RE) resources is still lagging far behind. In order to attract investors, meet the government's RE targets, and reduce CO2 emissions and environmental pollution from fossil fuels, Cuba needs national expertise and experts in RE development. CRECE answers this call by training skilled experts and enabling cross-sectoral and regional cooperation possibilities. Cuban partners will be better equipped to conduct international-level energy related research and provide sustainable energy experts to the growing labour market needs. In the long run, CRECE will impact on Cuban energy self-sufficiency and domestic growth. By harnessing Cuban RE potential, not only greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced, but also expenditures and dependency on Venezuelan oil imports will be minimised, while simultaneously improving domestic energy access and security. The project begins by creating a roadmap for addressing energy transition needs in Cuba through higher education. Following this roadmap, CRECE improves capacity and internationalisation of partner HEIs through (1) modernising learning outcomes on sustainable energy and sustainability; (2) improving teaching approaches; (3) reviewing curricula and updating learning modules; (5) improving materials, tools, equipment and facilities for quality education; (5) creating networks with relevant energy sector stakeholders; and (6) facilitating International research collaboration and partnerships. The primary objective of the project is to support Cuban partner HEIs in the provision of up-to-date and relevant education in sustainable energy systems to meet current societal and labour market needs. Regional cooperation is fostered through partnering with Costa Rica, showcasing how Costa Rican national policies have had a strong impact on prioritising renewable energy and transforming the energy sector. Cross-regional knowledge transfer is enabled by engaging European RE experts. CRECE project is funded by Erasmus+ Capacity Buiding in Higher Education.
Das Projekt "How labour organization affects technology adoption. The case of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Berlin (Humboldt-Univ.), Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften - Ressourcenökonomie durchgeführt. Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Arbeitsorganisation in der Landwirtschaft und der Übernahme technologischer Fortschritte am Beispiel des integrierten Pflanzenschutzes.
Das Projekt "Development of a European Psychosocial Risk Management Framework (PRIMA-EF)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin durchgeführt. The proposed PRIMA-EF project will focus on the development of a European framework for psychosocial risk management with a special focus on work-related stress, and workplace violence (including harassment, bullying and mobbing). The objectives of the project are: a. to develop existing knowledge in reviewing available methodologies to evaluate the prevalence and impact of psychosocial risks at work and work-related stress, including physical and psychological workplace violence, harassment, bullying and mobbing; b. to identify appropriate means of collecting sensitive data in relation to these issues; c. to develop international standards and indicators on stress and violence at work; d. to develop detailed recommendations and evidence-based best-practice guidance on the management of these issues at the workplace; and e. to disseminate the results of the project to stakeholders and social partners including small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The project will place special emphasis on high risk worker groups and occupational sectors and will address relevant gender issues and key issues relating to the implementation of best practice in the context of different enterprises and in particular SMEs. In addition, and in line with European policy on corporate social responsibility and social dialogue, the project will engage the social partners throughout its implementation and will link the project outcomes to these principles. Through the project consortium, the results will be disseminated widely with the support of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Office (ILO). In addition, the consortium will work in synergy with partners in candidate and third countries and national regulatory bodies to ensure a wide impact of the project outcomes and the initiation of the development of an international network of centres of excellence in psychosocial risk management. Prime Contractor: The University of Nottingham; Nottingham; United Kingdom.
Das Projekt "Strategy and methodology for improved IWRM - An integrated interdisciplinary assessment in four twinning basins (STRIVER)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Bonn, Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung durchgeführt. The ZEF research focuses on the Tungabhadra basin in south India, which is one of the four basins studied in the project. Tungabhadra river is a tributary of the Krishna river. ZEF will be mainly active in Work Package (WP) 9 IWRM in the twinned Tungabhadra and Tejo/Tagus river basins, with a focus and land and water use interactions . The research focuses on the interaction between irrigated and rainfed farming in the lower Tungabhadra basin, in the border area of the states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The districts on the Karnataka side are Raichur, Koppal and Bellary, on the Andhra Pradesh side Mahbubnagar and Kurnool. Some of the sub-themes ZEF will look at, together with other partners, are: 1) Flows and relations (people (livelihood linkages, labour), nutrients and energy, money/income, water); 2) Institutional and policy (dis)integration (departmental coordination, agency coordination, policy contradictions and alignments); 3) Innovations (water saving farming systems (SRI and other), (tiered) water users associations, water pricing and water rights, substitutability of technical and institutional solutions to water problems); 4) History (heads and tails of different kinds: the spatial dimension of social differentiation; evolution of policy regimes, natural resources degradation/conservation in historical perspective, land and water use change over time and its implications). It is part of the research design to compare the situation in the Tungabhadra basin with that in the Tajo/Tegus basin in Spain/Portugal. Other basins studied in the larger project are the Glomma basin in Norway and the Sesan basin in Vietnam/Cambodia).
Das Projekt "Teilprojekt C06: Skalenüberschreitende Verbindungen als Bewältigungsstrategien sozioökonomische Exklusion" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Köln, Philosophischen Fakultät, a.r.t.e.s. Graduate School for the Humanities Cologne durchgeführt. Dieses Projekt untersucht, wie Luo-Migranten aus Westkenia den Maßstab ihres Handelns durch ergebnisoffenes Umherstreifen und zielorientiertes Infrastrukturieren im Rift Valley neu definieren, um an gross-skalige Intensivierungsprojekte Anschluss zu finden. Um zu erforschen, wie Luo-Migranten zwischen Zonen der Intensivierung, der Konservierung und des Zerfalls ihre Zukunft ausbilden und gestalten, liegt der Fokus der Forschung auf a) Lohnarbeit in multinationalen Firmen, b) agrikultureller Nutzbarmachung angemieteter Landflächen und c) Fischfang und Tourismus im Rift Valley.
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