Das Projekt "Waste heat utilization of a blast furnace by the use of a heat pump" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Krupp Hoesch Stahl durchgeführt. Objective: To utilize the waste heat of blast furnace using a heat pump. The temperature of the coolant circuits is 57 deg. C which is raised to 90 deg. C by means of a heat pump and so waste heat is fed into the existing hot water heating networks. It is expected to achieve a 2265 TOE//year energy saving at project level. Payback time estimated at 3.1 years. In case of success, this technology could be transferred to about 100 blast furnaces in the Community, corresponding to an available waste heat potential of about 885 000 TOE/year. General Information: Blast furnaces are generally cooled by three cooling water circuits: the circuit for cooling the blast tuyerers, the hot blast slide valves, and the staves. About 42 GJ/h of waste heat are dissipated today unutilized by the water/air cooling systems. The cooling water temperature at the blast furnace No 7 of the Hoesch Stahl AG is about 57 deg. C, and the heat pump proposed to be installed will raise the temperature level at 90 deg. C, and feed the waste heat into the existing hot water heating networks. The heat pump will be powered by a back pressure turbine. With this turbine the unutilized steam energy (enthalpy) of the reduction station between the existing 33 bar and 12 bar steam network can be utilized. The first step of the project is to combine the separately operated heating centers. After the installation of the heat pump unit and the integration of the heating centres, the heat pump will supply the hot water network with heat. The construction costs are estimated at 3.8Million DM (year 85). Costs reduction of up to 20 per cent are expected for units of this type. In addition to the energy saving the annual operating and maintenance costs will decrease significantly by establishing a central hot water network. Compared to the units operating today, a saving of about 225 000 DM (year 85) is taken into account for operating and maintenance costs.
Das Projekt "PV power supply for a bird watching and weather station (north sea)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Telefunken Systemtechnik Hamburg durchgeführt. Objective: To demonstrate the use of a PV array (4.6 KWp) to provide a silent and non-polluting power supply for a remote bird sanctuary in a very harsh environment. General Information: This project employs a PV generator to provide power for equipment in a research station at the bird sanctuary on the island of Scharhoern, about 19 km from the shore in the Elbe estuary. The silent, non-polluting operation of the PV generator makes it well suited for operation near to the birds during the critical season from March to September when the birds mate, nest and nurture their young. The 4.6 kWp PV array consists of 240 AEG polycristalline modules of type PQ 10/20/0, connected in 8 parallel strings of 30 modules to give an operating voltage of 220 V. The modules are mounted on 10 racks of galvanized steel with special foundation, resisting to extreme storms (200 km/h.). The battery consists of 19 series connected ANKER lead/acid blocks, type 12V/4 OGi100, forming a 220 V battery of 100 Ah capacity (22 kWh). The kVA 220 Vdc/220 ac AEG -Transopuls' - G220E/23/2rtg-P5 inverter, self-commutated, single phase, with an efficiency of 93 per cent at full load allows all equipment to operate with conventional 50 Hz ac. The total investment cost of 92149 ECU (without the data acquisition system amounts to 20 ECU/kWp for this demonstration system and is estimated to about 6100 ECU (13 ECU/kWp) for repeated systems. A data acquisition system of SET, DAM 800, (total cost 38144 ECU) measures every 5 seconds the relevant data and stores them as hourly averages on MS-Dos diskettes in accordance with the JRC Guidelines. Achievements: The system produces 1200 kWh per year to the entire satisfaction of the user with a potential for higher production, to be exploited in the near future. The user appreciates especially the high availability and the low maintenance requirements and has converted nearly all its bird stations to solar power supply.
Das Projekt "250-KW-Windturbine fuer Husum" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Husumer Schiffswerft durchgeführt. Objective: To achieve maximum use of wind energy and to gain experience by the construction of a 250 kW wind turbine at Husumer Schiffswerft. General Information: A 3 bladed, 25 m diameter, 250 kW wind turbine has been constructed by Husumer Schiffswerft and will be installed near the factory. The energy generated is fed into the factory grid; possible surplus is returned to the grid. The construction in modules aiming to obtain maximum capacity is innovative, as well as the single bearing basement of the nacelle. Furthermore, universal rotor hub allowing the installation of fixed pitch and variable pitch blades with improved blade-flange and blade-surface. The estimated annual yield at the site of installation is 500 MWh/yr which yields to a cost of energy generated of about 0,123DM/kWh. Payback time is estimated to 11 years which is expected to be reduced at about 5 years when the machine will be produced in series. Achievements: Machine installed on the 25.03.88. Continuous unmanned operation up to date considered as very successful. The measurement data acquisition system has regularly recorded the operating data and electricity outputs. The plant runs perfectly on automatic and feeds its energy into the grid. In 1989 the HSW-250 produced 361 MWH of electricity, operating 5616 h, with a mean annual wind speed of 5.1 m/s. Some changes have been made to the production machines as a result of experience with the prototype. Tip breaks are no longer used because of the noise the generate. Emphasis paid to the inclusion of a 'soft start' system. Over 100 machines have been built, derived directly from the prototype funded by this project, very high level of replication. A 750 kw W.T. was also developed along similar lines.
Das Projekt "Car-Sharing-Tagung" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Rheinisches Institut für Ökologie durchgeführt.
Das Projekt "Gas-enrichment installation to upgrade coal-mine gas for the use in the Oberhausen gas distribution network" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Ruhrkohle AG durchgeführt. Objective: To build a compressor and a gas-enrichment installation (pressure-change-adsorption system) to bring the coal-mine exhaust gas of the Sterkrade mines to a fuel value equivalent to that of natural gas and feed this gas into the gas network of Oberhausen. The nominal output of the installation is 3500 Nm3/h of upgraded gas. The reuse of the mine exhaust gas currently flared is estimated to save 9,152 TOE/year. In the FRG there are 22 coal-mines where this technology could be applied with similar benefits leading to a total saving of 1 per cent of the gas imported in the FTG (62.9 billion m3) equivalent to 192,890 TOE/year. General Information: The Sterkrade pit has 3 gas suction devices whose function is to eliminate the methane gas from the coal-mine. Some 20 per cent of the mine gas can be reused in the central boiler of the mine, but 80 per cent finds no application and is flared. This project intends to upgrade this gas to a quality suitable for distribution in the natural gas network of the town. The mine gas contains a methane portion varying from 26 to 44 per cent and must be enriched to 87 per cent. This is achievable by using a 'pressure-change-adsorption' installation (DWA-Anlage) which consists of separation-columns and a buffer storage tank containing molecular sieves. The mine gas passes through the separation-columns where the methane is adsorbed leaving a methane-free exhaust which is then partly recirculated into another column where it re-collects the previously adsorbed methane until the necessary concentration. The upgraded gas is then compressed and fed +/- 80 per cent into the network, and the remaining 20 per cent is used for covering the requirements of the mine. The total cost of the project amounts to DM 10,619,590.-. The 'DWA' equipment will be installed by Berghau AG Niederrhein (BAN), a 100 per cent subsidiary of the contractor. A contract covers the subcontracting by Ruhrkohle to BAN. Patent coverage exists.
Das Projekt "Bau und Erprobung einer FRAK-Anlage fuer Bodensanierung" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Hegemann Engineering durchgeführt. Objective: A FRAK installation for facilitating the clean-up of heavy soils is to be designed and built. The aggregate consists of a series of pipes mounted on a hydraulic excavator; the pipes are equipped with venting holes at their ends and can be pushed into the ground. By high-pressure air blasts from the vents will change the entire pore structure of the soil, opening consolidated soil structures in particular. Similar installations have been tested to improve agricultural soil structure; the main difference is the heavy-duty layout of the installation. General Information: In-situ treatment of polluted soil is frequently prevented by the soil structure: if the soil contains much clay or has been compressed by heavy loads, neither water nor air will penetrate the dense layer, save along a few channels that are correspondingly washed out, forming channels to guide water and air through the soil layer without much affecting the layer itself. To extend the range of soils to be treatable, the FRAK process has been conceived, which works by applying gas shocks to the dense soil and thus changing the entire pore structure of the soil. The Commission of the European Communities has, within the frame of the ACE 89 demonstration programme, granted financial assistance to the development of a FRAK apparatus that is able to work under the condition of industrial grounds, i.e., stones and other obstacles occurring from time to time, and of not impairing industrial use of the ground; the site selected for demonstration was a railway station polluted with oil. The construction was carried out by the Bremen-based DETLEF HEGEMANN ENGINEERING GmbH who made a very flexible apparatus, operating vertically as well as in inclined mode, the four venting pipes being each separately adjustable for optimal re-shuffling of the entire soil. Commission assistance was restricted to the period of 1-10-90 through 30-4-92, during which time the FRAK apparatus was constructed and tested in operation. First results show that the FRAK apparatus performs according to expectations in rugged industrial environment, increasing the water flow rate through the treated soil by a factor of 5. Every blast will reshuffle up to 60 m2 of soil. The working depth extending up to 4 m, up to 240 m3 of soil may be treated by this apparatus in every drilling step; up to 25 drilling steps may be made per hour. Thus, with Commission assistance, a major break-through has been achieved to make polluted soils of low permeability accessible to in-situ treatment. This will be particularly important for the application of biological treatment systems whose performance usually suffer from bad aeration of the soil to be treated. FRAK will help to condition this kind of soil for biological in-situ treatment...
Das Projekt "Risk of subsidence due to evaporite solution. A european prediction and management scheme" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Tübingen, Institut und Museum für Geologie und Paläontologie, Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Geologie durchgeführt. General Information: Objectives: 1- To determine the controlling processes of land subsidence arising from solution of gypsum and other evaporite rocks. 2- To devise management techniques for preventing land subsidence in areas underlain by evaporites. 3- To develop risk assessment and zonation criteria to be used in mapping hazardous areas. While assessment schemes for other causes of land subsidence exist, no such scheme has been developed for subsidence due to dissolution of evaporites (most usually gypsum). This is unfortunate, since subsidence due to evaporite dissolution is very widespread in Europe. Risk assessments for this hazard can only be undertaken if there is a scientific, process-based, understanding of the principal factors controlling the phenomenon. Predictions of the response of a given system to future conditions (which differ markedly from those presently observed) can only be made with any confidence where the physics of the system is understood. With these principles in mind, ROSES will provide a framework for the collation of results of previous field studies, and for the collection of supplementary field and laboratory evidence on evaporite dissolution processes. These data will be analysed using innovative conceptual and mathematical modelling techniques, to deduce the controlling processes for void growth and collapse in evaporite terrains. Once the key processes governing subsidence risk have been identified, it will be necessary to formulate technical responses for the most common hazards. These responses will be identified in ROSES, drawing upon established geotechnical practices in other subsidence-prone terrains (e.g. limestone karst, mined land etc), adapting them as necessary for the particular physical (e.g. rock strength) and chemical (e.g. salinity of waters) circumstances to be expected in evaporite terrains. Experience with other types of subsidence suggests that there will be considerable local variation in the degree of subsidence risk within areas underlain by evaporites. It is therefore desirable to be able to delineate zones with different levels of risk to provide a basis for land-use planning and technical intervention. ROSES will thus provide the mapping methodology for the delineation of such zones. We will disseminate the results of ROSES to relevant industrial practitioners (planners, engineers etc) in the form of a practical manual describing the use of the new methodologies. Prime Contractor: University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Department of Civil Engineering Water Resource Systems Research Unit; Newcastle upon Tyne; UK.
Das Projekt "Angewandte Forschungsfragen des Ausbaus von Windenergie auf See" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Deutsche WindGuard GmbH durchgeführt. Das 2020 novellierte Windenergie-auf-See-Gesetzes sieht den Ausbau der Windenergie auf See auf 20 Gigawatt bis 2030 vor. Der Koalitionsvertrag von 2021 erhöht die Ausbauziele für Windenergie auf See weiter auf 30 GW bis 2030, 40 GW bis 2035 und 70 GW bis 2045. Die rechtlichen Vorgaben werden ergänzt und umgesetzt durch planerische Rahmenbedingungen wie die Raumplanung für die AWZ (Raumordnungsplan 2021) und den Flächenentwicklungsplan für die Ausschließliche Wirtschaftszone (AWZ) von (Stand 2020, Fortschreibung für 2023 geplant). Insgesamt nimmt der Ausbau von Windenergieanlagen auf See deutlich zu. Der zunehmende Offshore Ausbau bringt eine Vielzahl technischer und fachplanerischer sowie zum Teil rechtlicher Fragestellungen mit sich. Das Vorhaben soll insbesondere folgende Aspekte begleitend klären und wissenschaftlich unterlegen: 1) Überblick über technologische Entwicklungen der Anlagentechnik in Bezug auf Einspeiseleistungen und Flächenpotentiale in der deutschen AWZ liefern. 2) den Stand der Forschung in Bezug auf Abschattungseffekte begleiten 3) die Potentiale durch Mehrfachnutzung von Flächen unter Beachtung prognostizierter Technikentwicklungen ermitteln. Schwerpunkt des Vorhabens liegt auf den Fragen zur umweltverträglichen Mehrfachnutzung von Flächen, um die erhöhten Ausbauziele für Windenergie auf See zu erreichen. Das Vorhaben soll konkrete Optionen für Mehrfachnutzungen von Flächen in Nord- und Ostsee sowie in anderen Nordseeanrainerstaaten analysieren und Potentiale und Risiken einer Erhöhung des Flächenpotentials für Windenergie in der deutschen AWZ ermitteln. Der AN steht ebenfalls für drei Ad-hoc-Beratungen zu spezifischen Fragestellungen zum Ausbaus der Windenergie auf See zur Verfügung.
Das Projekt "Improvement of energy-tie up by using the high temperature cooling crystallization" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Südzucker AG durchgeführt. Objective: Demonstrates high temp cooling crystallization of sugar beet juices. Energy saving is 4.1 litres of oil per tonne of beet processed. For annual output of 900000 t saving juices in the cooling crystallization stage. Expected payback time is about 4 years. General Information: Sugar crystallization takes place through the thickening of aqueous solutions. It is not possible to put the water evaporated in vacuum to meaningful further use for heating purposes. With the state of engineering so far attained in the European Community average juice concentrations of 68 per cent (in exceptional cases up to 74 per cent) are achieved in the multiple evaporation plant preceding the evaporation crystallization stage. Until now it has not been possible technologically to control higher concentrations. The resultant heating vapours have been utilized in the process. By heating juices under vacuum to 110 deg, the process now under discussion achieves concentrations of 85 per cent; it also utilizes the resultant heating vapours and reduces the quantities of water needing to be evaporated in the follow-up evaporation crystallization stage by around 50 per cent compared with the state of the art. The primary energy input shrinks accordingly. The innovative feature of the process lies in the energy tie-up of evaporation plant, new type cooling crystallization and evaporation crystallization, which enables extremely high juice concentrations to be used in the cooling crystallization stage. The latter starts at a temperature of 100 deg and in the course of crystal formation leads to a final temperature of 65 degree of Celsius. Oncentrated juice is couled rapidly to the seed point and then more slowly as the crystals grow. This temperature conforms with the normal operating conditions of the still conventional follow-up evaporation crystallization phase. The process under discussion thus amounts to a new element in existing plant and can be employed in every sugar factory.
Das Projekt "Turbo-charged motor-generator units for electricity generation from waste gas" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Energie-Versorgung Schwaben AG durchgeführt. Objective: To prove the economic viability of using landfill gas for generating electricity by means of a newly developed 240 KW output turbo-charged engine, turbocharged engines, their size suited to the offered amounts of gas. General Information: The gas arising in the landfill sites located in Wangen-Obermooweiler , Maulbronn-Zaisersweiher and Eberstadt (Heilbronn) is being used for the generation of electricity. The project will provide experience of life time and possible kinds of operation of the used engines with the special view to the influence of the quality of the used gas. In this point an interesting aspect is the operation mode as function of methan content and concentration of pollutants. An additional factor are measures taken to conform to the limit values for exhaust gas prescribed in the 'Technical Instructions, Air' (Technische Anleitung zur Reinhaltung der Luft or TA Luft). This entered force in the Federal Republic of Germany on February, 26th 1986 and prescribes the following limits for nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases of plants with combustion engines with a firing heat output greater than 1 MW (300 KWel for unit-type power plants): NOx smaller than500 mg/Nm3 CO smaller than650 mg/Nm3 Achievements: Wangen-Obermooweiler: the output of the installed unit-type power plant is about 265 kW. The plant was set in operation in December 1986. After difficulties in the testing phase the plant is now operating without remarkable problems. The average availability of the plant is more than 85 per cent. Maulbronn-Zaisersweiher: the output of the installed unit-type power plant is 212 kW. The plant was set in operation in may 1987. Due to the little number of working hours and that there are still problems with the gas delivering system it is not possible to give detailed information of this plant. Eberstadt: the output of the installed unit-type power plant is 430 kW. The plant was set in operation in November 1986. The average availability is more than 85 per cent. It is planned to install another plant for the delivering amount of gas is sufficient for more than one plant.
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