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oWLK-GCM objective weather types derived from General Circulation Models (Reanalysis data and Global Climate Model Simulations)

Objective weather types of Deutscher Wetterdienst derived from different Reanalysis and Global Climate Model simulations for the control run (1951-2000) and the projection period (2000-2100). On the one hand, the dataset is useful for evaluation of representative circulation statistics in Central Europe, on the other hand, for the analysis of future weather types due to climate change. Added temperature and precipitation data allow to study the weather type effectiveness for these important climate parameters.

HVZ - Hochwasservorhersagezentrale

- Analyse der hydro- meteorologischen Lage - Überwachung der Wasserstände und Durchflüsse hochwasserrelevanter Pegel des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt, der Nachbarländer und des Bundes. - Prognose von Hochwasserentwicklungen, Information Betroffener - Herausgabe von Hochwasserwarnungen, Hochwasserstandsmeldungen, Hochwasservorhersagen, Hochwasserinformationen gemäß der Hochwassermeldeordnung des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt Inhalt: Geofachdaten (gewässerkundliche Daten) verwendete Standards: Geodatenviewer, Shape, PDF Formen: Web-Applikation mit Viewer und Download-Service

Ozone soundings as a tool for detecting ozone change

Das Projekt "Ozone soundings as a tool for detecting ozone change" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung - Institut AWI - Forschungsstelle Potsdam durchgeführt. Objective: 1. To measure the rate and extent of ozone loss both inside the Arctic vortex and at middle latitudes during the winters of 1995-96, 96-97 and 97-98. 2. To follow the ozone destruction as it develops during an individual winter and from one winter to the next. 3. To investigate the structure and duration of laminae episodes. 4. To extend the important record of ozonesonde data obtained during the last four winters. 5. To build a data base of quality controlled ozonesonde data collected since 1988. 6. To provide this and other projects with meteorological analyses and forecasts from ECMWF. General Information: The work programme consists of five work packages: 1. Purchase and distribution of sondes and sonde operation 2. Match campaign and analysis If ozone loss occurs it will be detected by launching sondes from different stations into the same air mass a few days apart. This is achieved by using forecast trajectories. A large number of such matching pairs is needed in order to get a good statistics. It is the aim to investigate the ozone loss both inside the polar vortex and at middle latitudes. Sondes launched in Canada will be used as primary sondes, and the same air mass will be measured by the European stations. 3. Ozone laminae, climatology and trends 3.1 Mean ozone field 3.2 Ozone versus potential vorticity (PV) The effects of dynamics will be isolated from chemical effects by considering the relative evolution of ozone and PV. 3.3 Extension to subtropical latitudes This activity will address changes in the ozone distribution caused by dynamical changes, which can then be linked to the effects seen at middle latitudes. 3.4 Ozone trends on isentropic levels The temporal evolution of the ozone mixing ratio at isentropic surfaces will be studied. Diabatic descent will be accounted for. Data will be sorted according to the PV values at the sounding site. 3.5 Measurement of ozone laminae A newly improved ozone lidar will measure ozone from 4 to 18 km. It will be used to measure the passage of ozone laminae over Aberystwyth, in order to determine the typical along-flow scales of these features. 4. Quality control and homogeneous ozonesonde data base Ozonesonde data will be subject to daily quality control. A comparison of how the different stations convert raw data to geophysical data will be carried out before winter 1996-97. Common sounding instructions will be distributed to the stations. After the campaign the post mission quality control will verify the correctness of the final data in close collaboration with the station PIs. An archive of quality controlled data from 1988-1998 will be made and disseminated on CD-ROM. 5. Data centre and ECMWF data Ozonesonde data will be collected from the sounding stations in near real time. Data from ECMWF will be collected for use by OSDOC and some other projects. Prime Contractor: Norwegian Institute for Air Research; Kjeller; Norway.

METimange Phase B, Angebot Nr. 023-1-2008

Das Projekt "METimange Phase B, Angebot Nr. 023-1-2008" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Jena-Optronik GmbH durchgeführt. 1.Vorhabenziel: Durchführung einer Phase B Untersuchung für ein Multispektral-Radiometer für die satellitengestützte meteorologische Erdbeobachtung, das im Rahmen des EUMETSAT-Programms Post-EPS eingesetzt werden soll. 2. Arbeitsplanung In der ersten Hälfte des Projekts erfolgen im wesentlichen Architekturentwurf und Trade-offs auf Systemebene. Diese werden gestützt durch Trade-offs auf Subsystemebene bezüglich der resultierenden Anforderungen. Dabei werden neben den Nutzeranforderungen auch die resultierenden Kosten zukünftiger Phasen berücksichtigt. Parallel wird ein sog. 'SNR-Demonstrator' aufgebaut und getestet. In der zweiten Hälfte erfolgt ein vorläufiger Entwurf der Subsysteme, um die Realisierbarkeit der Subsystemspezifikationen zu belegen. Wesentliche Ergebnisse werden System- und Subsystemspezifikationen sowie Planungen für die C/D Phase sein. 3. Erfolgsaussichten Die Erfolgsaussichten des Projekts sind sehr gut, da auf umfangreiche Vorarbeiten (Untersuchung Phase A, Technologieentwicklungen 'Rotierendes Teleskop' und 'IR-Detektoren') aufgebaut werden kann.

Towards the prediction of stratospheric ozone II

Das Projekt "Towards the prediction of stratospheric ozone II" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Karlsruhe, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung durchgeführt. General Information: Most of the research effort in understanding the processes controlling the observed ozone decline have concentrated on the polar vortex and on the interaction of the polar vortex with mid-latitudes. There are other regions that are also important for future prediction of ozone change where significant uncertainty exists. Two such regions are the tropics, where the transport between mid-latitudes and the tropics is a key unresolved issue, and the mid-latitude lowermost stratosphere, where the amount of transport from the troposphere into the stratosphere is uncertain. There is a clear requirement for validation and development of three-dimensional chemical transport models in relation to these regions. This is the objective of this proposal. The improvement of our modelling capability in these regions is necessary for assessing the impact of anthropogenic emissions on stratospheric ozone and other trace gases. In particular, it is important to understand the impact of CFCs and aircraft emissions. An accurate modelling capability for stratospheric ozone is vital for good policy decisions in the European Commission and for international protocols. The proposal brings together a number of European modelling groups who are at the forefront of stratospheric research. They will examine the behaviour of 3-dimensional chemical transport models (CTMs) in these two key regions. The sensitivity to CTM formulation and resolution will be addressed. The output from the CTMs will be validated against recently collected datasets. The CTMs will be integrated using either winds from European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses or from dynamical models. The results of the CTMs using winds from a number of different dynamical models will be compared. The dynamical models will include a state-of-the-art global circulation model (GCM), a mechanistic middle atmosphere model, and a simplified GCM. This will indicate how well these dynamical models can capture the key transport processes. Perturbation experiments will be performed in the dynamical models to assess the effects on tracer transport of the quasi-biennial oscillation, aerosol radiative heating from volcanic eruptions, and increased amounts of greenhouse gases. This proposal will benchmark low-resolution CTMs, which can be used in multi-year ozone assessment studies, against much higher-resolution CTMs. Multi-year integrations will be performed to assess the impact of increased aircraft emissions on stratospheric ozone. Prime Contractor: University of Oxford, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics Clarendon Laboratory; Oxford.

Emissionen von N2O, NO und NO2 aus Boeden zweier Fichtenstandorte im Schwarzwald (STEP-ENCORE - Teilprojekt)

Das Projekt "Emissionen von N2O, NO und NO2 aus Boeden zweier Fichtenstandorte im Schwarzwald (STEP-ENCORE - Teilprojekt)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Angewandten Forschung, Fraunhofer-Institut für Atmosphärische Umweltforschung durchgeführt. Bei der Bilanzierung des Stickstoffkreislaufs von Waldoekosystemen spielen gasfoermige Stickstoffverbindungen eine wesentliche Rolle. Zur Abschaetzung der Stofffluesse wurden deshalb die in-situ Emissionsraten von N2O, NO und NO2 aus den ARINUS-Versuchsflaechen der Standorte Schluchsee und Villingen quantifiziert. Mit Hilfe der Untersuchung sollten zum einen der Einfluss der N-Duengung, der Kalkung und des Bodentypus, zum anderen der Einfluss meteorologischer und biologischer Faktoren auf die Emissionen von N2O, NO und NO2 aus den Boeden der Standorte in Schluchsee und Villingen bestimmt werden. Ferner sollte untersucht werden, welche mikrobiellen Prozesse an den Emissionen aus den Boeden beteiligt sind, zu welchem Anteil sie zu der beobachteten Stickstoffspurengasemission beitragen und ob sich in Abhaengigkeit von der Behandlung Unterschiede in der Zusammensetzung der Bodenorganismen-Population erkennen lassen. Die Bestimmung der N2O-Emissionsraten erfolgte ueber die statische Kammermethode, bei der die emittierten Gase im Kammerinnenraum ueber eine definierte Zeit akkumulieren. Fuer die Bestimmung der NO/NO2-Fluesse kam die dynamische 'box-Methode' zum Einsatz, bei der die Luft mit einer Pumpe durch die Kammer gezogen und die Konzentration jeweils an den Kammerein- und ausgaengen gemessen wird. Die in-situ-Emissionsraten wurden von 1991 bis 1993 waehrend mehrwoechiger Messkampagnen quantifiziert und die an den Emissionen beteiligten mikrobiellen Prozesse identifiziert. In den Jahren 1991 und 1992 wurden nicht nur am Standort Schluchsee, sondem auch am Standort Villingen, der durch N-Hunger charakterisiert ist, hohe N2O-Emissionen (mittlere jaehrliche N2O-Emissionsraten: 24 bzw. 30 Mikrogramm N2O-N pro m2 und h)nachgewiesen. In dem nasskalten Jahr 1993 hingegen waren an beiden Standorten die N2O-Emissionen gegenueber den beiden Vorjahren um mehr als den Faktor 10 reduziert. Der Gesamt-N-Verlust in Form von gasfoermigen N-Verbindungen (N2, N2O, NO/NO2) konnte in Villingen in den Jahren 1991 bzw. 1992 auf 6 bzw. 7 kg pro ha und a und in Schluchsee auf 5 bzw. 4 kg N pro ha und a abgeschaetzt werden. Die N-Duengung fuehrte zu einer signifikanten Erhoehung der Emissionen von N2O und NO, waehrend die Kalkung einen positiven Effekt nur auf die NO-Emissionen hatte. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass neben der Denitrifikation die heterotrophe Nitrifikation und andere, bisher nicht identifizierte mikrobielle Prozesse in erheblichem Ausmass an der N2O- und NO-Emission beteiligt waren.

Die Landwirtschaftlichen Vergleichsgebiete im Freistaat Sachsen

Das Klima, der Boden und die naturräumliche Gliederung bilden die Grundlage für die Bewertung und Beurteilung von landwirtschaftlichen Gebieten hinsichtlich ihrer Produktionsfaktoren und Ertragsfähigkeit. Das Material enthält Darstellungen der Standortfaktoren, gegliedert nach landwirtschaftlichen Vergleichsgebieten und Gemeinden aus betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht. Für den Freistaat Sachsen werden die Einflüsse von Boden, Klima und Höhenlage auf Regionen bezogen dargestellt. Diese Regionen sollen "Landwirtschaftliche Vergleichsgebiete" sein, die auf der Grundlage von vergleichbaren Standortvoraussetzungen für die landwirtschaftliche Erzeugung basieren. Die Einteilung Sachsens in insgesamt zwölf landwirtschaftliche Vergleichsgebiete erfolgte in Anlehnung an die naturräumliche Gliederung Deutschlands. Des weiteren wurden auch meteorologische Daten auf der Basis langjähriger Mittel und die Ergebnisse der Reichsbodenschätzung, sowie die Hangneigungsklassen, Untersuchungen zur verfügbaren Feldkapazität und phänologische Daten bei der Einteilung berücksichtigt. Ausgewählte Angaben zur Entwicklung der Struktur der landwirtschaftlichen Unternehmen lassen im Hinblick auf das Zusammenwirken von Standortfaktoren und Faktorausstattungen weitere Aussagen im Sinne von Synergieeffekten innerhalb und zwischen den Regionen für eine differenzierte Betrachtung der wirtschaftlichen Tätigkeit erkennen.

Smart monitoring of historic structures (SMOOHS)

Das Projekt "Smart monitoring of historic structures (SMOOHS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Stuttgart, Otto-Graf-Institut, Materialprüfungsanstalt durchgeführt. Objective: Historic structures are often of extraordinary architecture, design or material. The conservation of such structures for next European generations is one of the main future tasks. To conserve historic structures it is more and more required to understand the deterioration processes mainly caused by the environment. In certain cases continuous monitoring systems have been installed to obtain information about the deterioration processes. However, most of these monitoring systems were just weather or air pollution data acquisition systems and use only basic models for data analysis. The real influence of the environment to the structure or the structural material is often unaccounted for. That means that the structural resistance is just calculated from the measurements and not determined by sufficient sensors. Another aspect is the fact that most monitoring systems require cabling, which is neither aesthetically appealing nor in some cases applicable due to the needed fastening techniques. The proposed project aims at the development of competitive tools for practitioners which goes beyond the mere accumulation of data. Smart monitoring systems using wireless sensor networks, new miniature sensor technologies (e.g. MEMS) for minimally invasive installation as well as smart data processing will be developed. It will provide help in the sense of warnings (e.g. increase of damaging factors) and recommendations for action (e.g. ventilation or heating on/off, etc.) using data fusion and interpretation that is implemented within the monitoring system. The development will consist of small smart wireless and robust sensors and networks, with sensors for monitoring of e.g. temperature, humidity, air velocity, strain and crack opening, acoustic emissions, vibration, inclination, chemical attack, ambient and UV light, with built-in deterioration and material models, data pre-processing, and alarm functions to inform responsible persons about changes of the object status.

Developing Hardware and Design Methodologies for Heterogeneous Low Power Field Programmable Servers (FiPS)

Das Projekt "Developing Hardware and Design Methodologies for Heterogeneous Low Power Field Programmable Servers (FiPS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von OFFIS e.V., FuE-Bereich Verkehr durchgeführt. Goals: Many of today's technical blessings, e.g. weather forecast, fuel efficient car-shapes, medical tomography analysis or even a simple Google query depend on massive computer programs that are executed on super-computing centers with thousands of computers, which consume a lot of electrical energy. With increasing super-computing demand severe economic and ecological problems arise. Already 15% of the world-wide electrical energy is used to power all the computers in use today, and this number is quickly increasing. There are alternative kinds of computing devices such as smart-phone processors, 3D graphic chips and reconfigurable FPGA hardware (as used in DSL modems and network switches), which can provide much higher energy efficiency than traditional processors. Today, a typical super-computing program consists of a huge number of small jobs. Some of them can be run on these alternative architectures, reducing the demand and therefore the required number of traditional high-energy, high performance processors. Motivation: The FiPS project thus proposes to build a new heterogeneous super-computer class. It combines traditional high performance processors for complex tasks with many of the efficient alternative processors for simple tasks. As the total number of processors increases, these new super-computers will be slightly faster, but will at the same time substantially reduce the energy demand. FiPS will not only have an ecological impact by reducing energy demand (and thus carbon dioxide emission), but also an economic impact by cutting one of the major costs of running a super-computing center, its energy costs. Supercomputing will become cheaper and thus affordable for many other applications. Promotion: This project has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 609757. Technology: The drawback of building super-computers from a heterogeneous network of processors rather than a regular grid of identical processors is that heterogeneous systems are much harder to program, as the individual properties of many different components have to be considered. For instance, different processors require different programming languages, and it has to be decided, which processor type will finally run a computation job, either to get the result as fast as possible or with the lowest energy costs. And finally, all processors working on different parts of the same problem have to synchronize on their intermediate results. This is up to now only possible in a regular grid of homogeneous processors. To solve these issues, FiPS will setup a programming methodology, in which just a single programming language is used to write the super-computing program. The final software is then analyzed and splitted into chunks by the FiPS methodology. (abridged text)

Ozonhaushalt ueber dem Nordatlantik

Das Projekt "Ozonhaushalt ueber dem Nordatlantik" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Meteorologie Consult durchgeführt. The objective of this proposal is to improve our knowledge of the Budget of Ozone over the North Atlantic (BOA). The project is directly related to NARE. To understand the ozone budget in the marine troposphere, it is important to quantify and to compare the magnitudes of the different sources and sinks. An important question is to understand the correlations between ozone and its anthropogenic precursors observed in the marine troposphere and the anticorrelation between ozone and nitrate aerosol. The research will based upon datasets on ozone, precursors and other photooxidants that have been gathered in the frame of the EUROTRAC sub-project TOR and on vertical profiles of ozone and water vapour being collected routinely at Tenerife. It is planned to expand the activities by complementary measurements and by episodic studies of the vertical structure of ozone in certain episodes. Trough co-operation with the AEROCE programme, we also have access to data which document the composition of atmospheric aerosols with regard to nitrate, non-seasalt sulfate, 210-pb and 7-BE. Besides statistical and meteorological analysis dedicated model studies for long-range transport episodes will be used to answer the above question. The BOA project will be carried out by five groups from four European countries. CEC funds would make it possible to expand the ongoing activities and strengthen the European position in NARE.

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