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Methane concentration and diffusive flux in the Northern Sea off Heligoland in 2024

As part of the MOSES Project, in April 2023 methane measurements were started in the north-western part of the island Heligoland in the German Bight (North Sea). The objective was to complement the measurements of the Sternfahrten to identify the carbon cycle and its flow from the start of the Elbe river into the North Sea. Therefore, a Contros methane sensor for dissolved methane was deployed under water at about 10 to 12 meter depth (depending on the tide) close to the underwater observatory (UW-OBS) MarGate (54°11' N, 7°52' E), from the COSYNA Project. To ensure correct values latter was cleaned frequently from growing organisms by scientific divers. The present data contains the data from 2024, the second year running the sensors. Based on the concentrations of dissolved methane the methane emissions (diffusive flux) was calculated.

Dissolved methane concentrations, diffusive methane flux and EOVs in the German Bight in September 2024 (Sternfahrt 12)

In continuation of the previous cruises (Sternfahrten) we covered a similar area with the RVs Ludwig Prandtl and Mya II. All instruments were set up in the MOSES laboratory container. Standard hydrographic parameters were determined with a pocket ferrybox running with ship's surface water supply. In addition, dissolved methane was determined continuously. We used a degassing unit which was using surface water from the ship's water supply. The gas mixture was subsequently analysed with a Greenhouse Gas Analyzer from LosGatos. Conversion to methane concentration was performed with water samples, from which the methane content was determined with gas chromatography. Atmospheric methane concentrations were obtained from the ICOS-station Helgoland. Wind speed was obtained from the ships meteorological systems. The diffusive flux was calculated as outlined in the additional meta data description.

Hydrographical time series data of Helgoland, Southern North Sea, 2024

The dataset contains temperature, salinity, oxygen saturation, chlorophyll a and turbidity data from the Helgoland MarGate underwater observatory from the year 2024 in a temporal resolution of 1 hour. The cabled observatory is located in 10m water depth and comprises single or multiple sensors for a specific parameter (see https://www.awi.de/en/science/biosciences/shelf-sea-system-ecology/main-research-focus/cosyna/underwater-node-helgoland.html). For a detailed description of the data see associated metadatafile metadata_heluwobs_2024_hydrography.pdf.

Soil moisture distribution at the Hordorf (Central Germany) groundtruthing site determined by mobile Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing

Cosmic Ray neutron sensing (CRNS) is an emerging technology which is used to close the scaling gap between point measurements, such as TDR or soil samples, and the airborne remote sensing data. CRNS estimates the area-average soil water content by the detection of soil-reflected cosmic-ray neutrons in air. This method is characterized by an non-linearly shaped horizontal footprint of hundreds of meters and a vertical footprint of tens of centimetres (Köhli et al. 2015). During the campaign, a portable sensor (the so-called CRNS Rover) was used to study the spatial soil moisture variability in the target area in Hordorf. The rover was equipped with a CRNS-RV unit from Hydroinnova LLC (HI-RC01 detector) and a polyethylene shield below the detector to better reduce local effects of the field track. Neutron count data were processed including several physical, soil, and terrain corrections (see Schrön 2020, cfg file and the software <https://git.ufz.de/CRNS/cornish_pasdy>) to obtain the spatial soil moisture distribution at the Hordorf ground truthing site.

Dissolved methane concentrations, diffusive methane flux and Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) in the German Bight in January 2024 (Sternfahrt 11)

In January 2024 a river flood by the Elbe and Weser resulted in very high discharge of freshwater into the German Bight. To follow this river, plume the RV Mya II cruised from Sylt and between Helgoland, Cuxhaven, Büsum. All instruments were set up in the MOSES laboratory container. Standard hydrographic parameters were determined with a pocket ferrybox running with ship's surface water supply. In addition, dissolved methane was determined continuously. We used a degassing unit which was using surface water from the ship's water supply. The gas mixture was subsequently analysed with a Greenhouse Gas Analyzer from LosGatos. Conversion to methane concentration was performed with water samples, from which the methane content was determined with gas chromatography. Atmospheric methane concentrations were obtained from the ICOS-station Helgoland. Wind speed was obtained from the ships meteorological system. The diffusive flux was calculated as outlined in the additional meta data description.

Pegel Wintrich (Messstellen-Nr: 2670040000)

Die Pegelmessstelle Wintrich (ID: 628) befindet sich am Gewässer Mosel im Flusseinzugsgebiet Mosel. Die Messstelle dient zur Messung des Wasserstands.

Pegel Trier (Messstellen-Nr: 2650010000)

Die Pegelmessstelle Trier (ID: 557) befindet sich am Gewässer Mosel im Flusseinzugsgebiet Mosel. Die Messstelle dient zur Messung des Wasserstands. Weiterhin wird der Abfluss an der Messstelle gemessen.

Pegel Fastrau (Messstellen-Nr: 2672050500)

'Pegel: Fastrau / Gewässer: Fellerbach' ist eine Pegel-Messstelle und dient zur Überwachung von Oberflächengewässern in Rheinland-Pfalz. Die Pegelmessstelle Fastrau (ID: 436) befindet sich am Gewässer Feller Bach im Flusseinzugsgebiet Mosel. Die Messstelle dient zur Messung des Wasserstands. Weiterhin wird der Abfluss an der Messstelle gemessen.

Pegel Wasserliesch (Messstellen-Nr: 2630050000)

'Pegel: Wasserliesch / Gewässer: Albach' ist eine Pegel-Messstelle und dient zur Überwachung von Oberflächengewässern in Rheinland-Pfalz. Die Pegelmessstelle Wasserliesch (ID: 564) befindet sich am Gewässer Albach im Flusseinzugsgebiet Mosel. Die Messstelle dient zur Messung des Wasserstands. Weiterhin wird der Abfluss an der Messstelle gemessen.

Pegel Bengel (Messstellen-Nr: 2683060500)

'Pegel: Bengel / Gewässer: Alf' ist eine Pegel-Messstelle und dient zur Überwachung von Oberflächengewässern in Rheinland-Pfalz. Die Pegelmessstelle Bengel (ID: 403) befindet sich am Gewässer Alf im Flusseinzugsgebiet Mosel. Die Messstelle dient zur Messung des Wasserstands. Weiterhin wird der Abfluss an der Messstelle gemessen.

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