The heat waves and droughts of 2018 / 2019 and in 2020 have had a devastating impact on the functioning of ecosystems and have led to an increasing vulnerability beyond the duration of heat waves (e.g. degradation and increased erosion, reduced carbon uptake by vegetation, modulated energy balance). Such impacts also include loss of agricultural production. A better understanding of the progression and the consequences of heatwaves and droughts is essential for the development and improvement of adaptation and protection measures. The airborne remote sensing event campaign performed in the agricultural area of the 'Magdeburger Boerde' in Central Germany aimed at providing remote sensing data sets from different platforms to derive high quality data for improving the understanding of influences and lag effects on hydrologic, biological/biogeochemical and atmospheric processes induced by the summer drought 2020. Multiple recurrences of drought periods in previous years may have led to irreversible changes in structure, composition and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems reducing ecosystem services and resilience. A second goal of the campaign with different available sensors in terms of an inter-calibration is to provide comprehensive and reliable data to ensure future campaign inter-comparability. The acquired data set includes airborne remote sensing data covering variable land cover types obtained by optical, thermal and multispectral sensors (see supplementary material: Schulz et al. (2020), Milewski et al. (2021) ). Furthermore, extensive data from various ground-truthing activities are available such as field spectrometer measurements, soil temperature mapping and soil moisture mapping via Cosmic Ray rovering and TDR-measurements. To complete the data set, micrometeorological time series, soil samples and vegetation characteristics were also taken.
Multispectral data from two legume-grass mixtures (clover- and lucerne-grass) were collected in the year 2018 for aboveground biomass and nitrogen fixation (NFix) estimation. In addition to the mixtures, pure stands of legumes and of grasses of the two mixtures were sown in order to represent variable conditions in practical farming (0-100% legumes). All six treatments were cultivated in four replicates and harvested three times within the year (plot size: 1.5 x 12 m). Destructive biomass samples for fresh (FM) and dry matter (DM) and NFix determination were taken three times at harvest. To cover the entire vegetation season, sub-sampling for DM and FM was done five times between the harvests. Flight missions were carried out one day before each of the eight sampling dates. A multispectral sensor (Parrot Sequoia, MicaSense Inc, Seattle, USA) with four spectral bands (green, red, red edge, near infrared) was mounted on a low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV; DJI Phantom 3, Advanced, Shenzhen, China). Eight black and white ground control points (GCPs) were distributed in the pathways. Coordinates of the plot corners and GCPs were measured by a Leica real time kinematic global navigation satellite system (Leica RTK GNSS). Orthomosaics were created by the overlapping images with a photogrammetric processing software (Agisoft PhotoScan Professional, Agisoft LLC, St. Petersburg, Russia). The orthomosaics were georeferenced using the coordinates of the GCPs. The mean reflectance value of the four bands was extracted by zonal statistics in QGIS (Quantum Geografic Infromation System) using the four plot corners of each plot as boundaries. Furthermore, eight texture features of every band were calculated, provided by the processing tool HaralickTextureExtraction of the Orfeo Toolbox library (OTB) in QGIS.
Spatially and temporally high-resolution data was acquired with the aid of multispectral sensors mounted on UAV and a gyrocopter platform for the purpose of classification. The work was part of the research and development project „Modern sensors and airborne remote sensing for the mapping of vegetation and hydromorphology along Federal waterways in Germany“ (mDRONES4rivers) in cooperation of the German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Geocoptix GmbH, Hochschule Koblenz und JB Hyperspectral Devices. Within the project period (2019-2022) data was collected at different sites situated in Germany along the Rivers Rhine and Oder. All published data produced within the project can be found by searching for the keyword ‘mDRONES4rivers‘. In this dataset, the following UAS data and metadata of the project site ‘Nonnenwerth’ (center coordinates [WGS84]: 50.637541°N, 7.208834°E; area: 8 ha) at the Rhine River in Germany is available for download: • Multispectral orthophotos (GeoTiff; 6 bands: B, G, R, Red-Edge, NIR, Flag; camera: Micasense; resolution: 25 cm; abbreviation: MS_RAW) • RGB-orthophotos (GeoTiff; 3 bands: R, G, B; camera: Phantom; resolution: 25 cm; abbreviation: PH_ORTHO) • Digital Surface Models (GeoTiff; 1 band; camera: Phantom; resolution: ca. 5 cm; abbreviation: PH_DEM) • associated Technical Reports (PDF; technical metadata concerning data acquisition, and processing using Agisoft Metashape, 1x for multispectral orthophotos, 1x for RGB-orthophotos + digital surface model) The above-mentioned files are provided for download as dataset stored in one directory per season depending on the date of data acquisition (e.g. mDRONES4rivers_NW_UAV_2019_01_Winter.zip = projectname_projectsite_platform_year_no.season_name.season). To provide an overview of all files and general background information plus data preview the following files are stored in the info.zip folder: • Overview table and metadata of the above-mentioned data (xlsx) • Summary (PDF, Detailed description of sensors and data acquisition procedure, 1x for multispectral orthophotos, 1x for RGB-orthophotos + digital surface models) Note: the data was processed with focus on spectral information and not for geodetic purposes. Georeferencing accuracy has not been checked in detail.
Spatially and temporally high-resolution data was acquired with the aid of multispectral sensors mounted on UAV and a gyrocopter platform for the purpose of classification. The work was part of the research and development project „Modern sensors and airborne remote sensing for the mapping of vegetation and hydromorphology along Federal waterways in Germany“ (mDRONES4rivers) in cooperation of the German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Geocoptix GmbH, Hochschule Koblenz und JB Hyperspectral Devices. Within the project period (2019-2022) data was collected at different sites situated in Germany along the Rivers Rhine and Oder. All published data produced within the project can be found by searching for the keyword ‘mDRONES4rivers‘. In this dataset, the following UAS data and metadata of the project site ‘Laubenheim’ (center coordinates [WGS84]: 49.960007°N, 8.331229°E; area: 11 ha) at the Rhine River in Germany is available for download: • Multispectral orthophotos (GeoTiff; 6 bands: B, G, R, Red-Edge, NIR, Flag; camera: Micasense; resolution: 25 cm; abbreviation: MS_RAW) • RGB-orthophotos (GeoTiff; 3 bands: R, G, B; camera: Phantom; resolution: 25 cm; abbreviation: PH_ORTHO) • Digital Surface Models (GeoTiff; 1 band; camera: Phantom; resolution: ca. 5 cm; abbreviation: PH_DEM) • associated Technical Reports (PDF; technical metadata concerning data acquisition, and processing using Agisoft Metashape, 1x for multispectral orthophotos, 1x for RGB-orthophotos + digital surface model) The above-mentioned files are provided for download as dataset stored in one directory per season depending on the date of data acquisition (e.g. mDRONES4rivers_NW_UAV_2019_01_Winter.zip = projectname_projectsite_platform_year_no.season_name.season). To provide an overview of all files and general background information plus data preview the following files are stored in the info.zip folder: • Overview table and metadata of the above-mentioned data (xlsx) • Summary (PDF, Detailed description of sensors and data acquisition procedure, 1x for multispectral orthophotos, 1x for RGB-orthophotos + digital surface models) Note: the data was processed with focus on spectral information and not for geodetic purposes. Georeferencing accuracy has not been checked in detail.
Spatially and temporally high-resolution data was acquired with the aid of multispectral sensors mounted on UAV and a gyrocopter platform for the purpose of classification. The work was part of the research and development project „Modern sensors and airborne remote sensing for the mapping of vegetation and hydromorphology along Federal waterways in Germany“ (mDRONES4rivers) in cooperation of the German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Geocoptix GmbH, Hochschule Koblenz und JB Hyperspectral Devices. Within the project period (2019-2022) data was collected at different sites situated in Germany along the Rivers Rhine and Oder. All published data produced within the project can be found by searching for the keyword ‘mDRONES4rivers‘. In this dataset, the following UAS data and metadata of the project site ‘Niederwerth’ (center coordinates [WGS84]: 50.386326°N, 7.613847°E; area: 27 ha) at the Rhine River in Germany is available for download: • Multispectral orthophotos (GeoTiff; 6 bands: B, G, R, Red-Edge, NIR, Flag; camera: Micasense; resolution: 25 cm; abbreviation: MS_RAW) • RGB-orthophotos (GeoTiff; 3 bands: R, G, B; camera: Phantom; resolution: 25 cm; abbreviation: PH_ORTHO) • Digital Surface Models (GeoTiff; 1 band; camera: Phantom; resolution: ca. 5 cm; abbreviation : PH_DEM) • associated Technical Reports (PDF; technical metadata concerning data acquisition, and processing using Agisoft Metashape, 1x for multispectral orthophotos, 1x for RGB-orthophotos + digital surface model) The above-mentioned files are provided for download as dataset stored in one directory per season depending on the date of data acquisition (e.g. mDRONES4rivers_NW_2019_01_Winter.zip = projectname_projectsite_year_no.season_name.season). To provide an overview of all files and general background information plus data preview the following files are additionally provided: • Overview table and metadata of the above-mentioned data (xlsx) • Summary (PDF, Detailed description of sensors and data acquisition procedure, 1x for multispectral orthophotos, 1x for RGB-orthophotos + digital surface models) Note: the data was processed with focus on spectral information and not for geodetic purposes. Georeferencing accuracy has not been checked in detail.
Spatially and temporally high-resolution data was acquired with the aid of multispectral sensors mounted on UAV and a gyrocopter platform for the purpose of classification. The work was part of the research and development project „Modern sensors and airborne remote sensing for the mapping of vegetation and hydromorphology along Federal waterways in Germany“ (mDRONES4rivers) in cooperation of the German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Geocoptix GmbH, Hochschule Koblenz und JB Hyperspectral Devices. Within the project period (2019-2022) data was collected at different sites situated in Germany along the Rivers Rhine and Oder. All published data produced within the project can be found by searching for the keyword ‘mDRONES4rivers‘. In this dataset, the following UAS data and metadata of the project site ‘Nonnenwerth’ (center coordinates [WGS84]: 50.637541°N, 7.208834°E; area: 45 ha) at the Rhine River in Germany is available for download: • Multispectral orthophotos (GeoTiff; 5 bands: B, G, R, NIR, Flag; camera system: PanX 2.0 and PanX 3.0; resolution: ca. 30 cm/ca. 16 cm; abbreviation: PanX2_ORTHO/PanX3_ORTHO) • Digital Surface Models (GeoTiff; 1 band; camera system: PanX 2.0 and PanX 3.0; resolution: ca. 30 cm; abbreviation: PanX_DEM) • associated Technical Reports (PDF; technical metadata concerning data acquisition, and processing using Agisoft Metashape, 1x for multispectral orthophotos + digital surface model) The above-mentioned files are provided for download as dataset stored in one directory per season depending on the date of data acquisition (e.g. mDRONES4rivers_NW_GYRO_2019_01_Winter.zip = projectname_projectsite_platform_year_no.season_name.season). To provide an overview of all files and general background information plus data preview the following files are stored in the info.zip folder: • Overview table and metadata of the above-mentioned data (xlsx) • Summary (PDF, Detailed description of sensors and data acquisition procedure, 1x for multispectral orthophotos + digital surface models) Note: the data was processed with focus on spectral information and not for geodetic purposes. Georeferencing accuracy has not been checked in detail.
Spatially and temporally high-resolution data was acquired with the aid of multispectral sensors mounted on UAV and a gyrocopter platform for the purpose of classification. The work was part of the research and development project „Modern sensors and airborne remote sensing for the mapping of vegetation and hydromorphology along Federal waterways in Germany“ (mDRONES4rivers) in cooperation of the German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Geocoptix GmbH, Hochschule Koblenz und JB Hyperspectral Devices. Within the project period (2019-2022) data was collected at different sites situated in Germany along the Rivers Rhine and Oder. All published data produced within the project can be found by searching for the keyword ‘mDRONES4rivers‘. In this dataset, the following UAS data and metadata of the project site ‘Niederwerth’ (center coordinates [WGS84]: 50.386326°N, 7.613847°E; area: 25 ha) at the Rhine River in Germany is available for download: • Multispectral orthophotos (GeoTiff; 5 bands: B, G, R, NIR, Flag; camera system: PanX 2.0 and PanX 3.0; resolution: ca. 30 cm/ca. 16 cm; abbreviation: PanX2_ORTHO/PanX3_ORTHO) • Digital Surface Models (GeoTiff; 1 band; camera system: PanX 2.0 and PanX 3.0; resolution: ca. 30 cm; abbreviation: PanX_DEM) • associated Technical Reports (PDF; technical metadata concerning data acquisition, and processing using Agisoft Metashape, 1x for multispectral orthophotos + digital surface model) The above-mentioned files are provided for download as dataset stored in one directory per season depending on the date of data acquisition (e.g. mDRONES4rivers_NoW_GYRO_2019_01_Winter.zip = projectname_projectsite_platform_year_no.season_name.season). To provide an overview of all files and general background information plus data preview the following files are stored in the info.zip folder: • Overview table and metadata of the above-mentioned data (xlsx) • Summary (PDF, Detailed description of sensors and data acquisition procedure, 1x for multispectral orthophotos + digital surface models) Note: the data was processed with focus on spectral information and not for geodetic purposes. Georeferencing accuracy has not been checked in detail.
Spatially and temporally high-resolution data was acquired with the aid of multispectral sensors mounted on UAV and a gyrocopter platform for the purpose of classification. The work was part of the research and development project „Modern sensors and airborne remote sensing for the mapping of vegetation and hydromorphology along Federal waterways in Germany“ (mDRONES4rivers) in cooperation of the German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Geocoptix GmbH, Hochschule Koblenz und JB Hyperspectral Devices. Within the project period (2019-2022) data was collected at different sites situated in Germany along the Rivers Rhine and Oder. All published data produced within the project can be found by searching for the keyword ‘mDRONES4rivers‘. In this dataset, the following UAS data and metadata of the project site ‘Emmericher Ward’ (center coordinates [WGS84]: 50.385264°N, 6.198692°E; area: 900 ha) at the Rhine River in Germany is available for download: • Multispectral orthophotos (GeoTiff; 5 bands: B, G, R, NIR, Flag; camera system: PanX 2.0 and PanX 3.0; resolution: ca. 30 cm/ca. 16 cm; abbreviation: PanX2_ORTHO/PanX3_ORTHO) • Digital Surface Models (GeoTiff; 1 band; camera system: PanX 2.0 and PanX 3.0; resolution: ca. 30 cm; abbreviation: PanX_DEM) • associated Technical Reports (PDF; technical metadata concerning data acquisition, and processing using Agisoft Metashape, 1x for multispectral orthophotos + digital surface model) The above-mentioned files are provided for download as dataset stored in one directory per season depending on the date of data acquisition (e.g. mDRONES4rivers_NW_GYRO_2019_01_Winter.zip = projectname_projectsite_platform_year_no.season_name.season). To provide an overview of all files and general background information plus data preview the following files are stored in the info.zip folder: • Overview table and metadata of the above-mentioned data (xlsx) • Summary (PDF, Detailed description of sensors and data acquisition procedure, 1x for multispectral orthophotos + digital surface models) Note: the data was processed with focus on spectral information and not for geodetic purposes. Georeferencing accuracy has not been checked in detail.
Spatially and temporally high-resolution data was acquired with the aid of multispectral sensors mounted on UAV and a gyrocopter platform for the purpose of classification. The work was part of the research and development project „Modern sensors and airborne remote sensing for the mapping of vegetation and hydromorphology along Federal waterways in Germany“ (mDRONES4rivers) in cooperation of the German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Geocoptix GmbH, Hochschule Koblenz und JB Hyperspectral Devices. Within the project period (2019-2022) data was collected at different sites situated in Germany along the Rivers Rhine and Oder. All published data produced within the project can be found by searching for the keyword ‘mDRONES4rivers‘. In this dataset, the following UAS data and metadata of the project site ‘Emmericher Ward’ (center coordinates [WGS84]: 50.385264°N, 6.198692°E; area: 53ha) at the Rhine River in Germany is available for download: • Multispectral orthophotos (GeoTiff; 6 bands: B, G, R, Red-Edge, NIR, Flag; camera: Micasense; resolution: 25 cm; abbreviation: MS_RAW) • RGB-orthophotos (GeoTiff; 3 bands: R, G, B; camera: Phantom; resolution: 25 cm; abbreviation: PH_ORTHO) • Digital Surface Models (GeoTiff; 1 band; camera: Phantom; resolution: ca. 5 cm; abbreviation: PH_DEM) • associated Technical Reports (PDF; technical metadata concerning data acquisition, and processing using Agisoft Metashape, 1x for multispectral orthophotos, 1x for RGB-orthophotos + digital surface model) The above-mentioned files are provided for download as dataset stored in one directory per season depending on the date of data acquisition (e.g. mDRONES4rivers_EW_UAV_2019_01_Winter.zip = projectname_projectsite_platform_year_no.season_name.season). To provide an overview of all files and general background information plus data preview the following files are stored in the info.zip folder: • Overview table and metadata of the above-mentioned data (xlsx) • Summary (PDF, Detailed description of sensors and data acquisition procedure, 1x for multispectral orthophotos, 1x for RGB-orthophotos + digital surface models) Note: the data was processed with focus on spectral information and not for geodetic purposes. Georeferencing accuracy has not been checked in detail.
Spatially and temporally high-resolution data was acquired with the aid of multispectral sensors mounted on UAV and a gyrocopter platform for the purpose of classification. The work was part of the research and development project „Modern sensors and airborne remote sensing for the mapping of vegetation and hydromorphology along Federal waterways in Germany“ (mDRONES4rivers) in cooperation of the German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Geocoptix GmbH, Hochschule Koblenz und JB Hyperspectral Devices. Within the project period (2019-2022) data was collected at different sites situated in Germany along the Rivers Rhine and Oder. All published data produced within the project can be found by searching for the keyword ‘mDRONES4rivers‘. In this dataset, the following UAS data and metadata of the project site ‘Reitwein’ (center coordinates [WGS84]: 52.500961°N, 14.629186 °E; area: 60 ha) at the River Oder in Germany is available for download: • Multispectral orthophotos (GeoTiff; 6 bands: B, G, R, Red-Edge, NIR, Flag; camera: Micasense; resolution: 25 cm; abbreviation: MS_RAW) • RGB-orthophotos (GeoTiff; 3 bands: R, G, B; camera: Phantom; resolution: 25 cm; abbreviation: PH_ORTHO) • Digital Surface Models (GeoTiff; 1 band; camera: Phantom; resolution: ca. 5 cm; abbreviation: PH_DEM) • associated Technical Reports (PDF; technical metadata concerning data acquisition, and processing using Agisoft Metashape, 1x for multispectral orthophotos, 1x for RGB-orthophotos + digital surface model) The above-mentioned files are provided for download as dataset stored in one directory per season depending on the date of data acquisition and flight altitude, as the data was collected here from two different flight altitudes (e.g. mDRONES4rivers_RW_UAV_2020_03_summer_70m.zip = projectname_projectsite_platform_year_no.season_name.season_flightaltitude.zip). To provide an overview of all files and general background information plus data preview the following files are stored in the info.zip folder: • Overview table and metadata of the above-mentioned data (xlsx) • Summary (PDF, Detailed description of sensors and data acquisition procedure, 1x for multispectral orthophotos, 1x for RGB-orthophotos + digital surface models) Note: the data was processed with focus on spectral information and not for geodetic purposes. Georeferencing accuracy has not been checked in detail.
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