Optimierung der Trocknung und Kuehlung von Koernerfruechten hinsichtlich Verfahrensleistung, Energiebedarf, Umweltbelastung und Qualitaet der Koerner.
The thesis proposal deals with mapping weather-affected changes in soil moisture over time. This is to visualize where and when soils would be subject to severe rutting and compaction under forest operations. The approach taken is modular by connecting temporal hydrothermal processes dealing with soil wetting, drying, freezing, and thawing to spatially anticipated locations of dry versus wet soil drainage conditions. The temporal variations within specific textured soils can be modeled at daily resolution based on air temperature, and precipitation (rain, snow) data. This is done with the Forest Hydrology Model (ForHyM). The spatial variations can be derived from LiDAR-generated bare-ground elevation surfaces at 1 m resolution by way of the newly developed metric depth-to-water index (DTW), for which DTW less than 10 , 10-25, 25-50, 50-100, greater than 100 cm indicates very poor, poor, imperfect, moderately well and well drainage conditions, respectively. The results of doing so will be illustrated for forested areas in Northern and Central New Brunswick in reference to actual forest harvesting and wood forwarding tracks. The attempt is to generalize the methodology for weather-dependent and geospatially base forecasting of soil conditions to better enable forest operation planning as seasons change from dry to wet and from wet to dry within seasons and from year to year.
Standorte der vorhandenen Bioenergieanlagen im Landkreis Göttingen. Es handelt sich um Anlagen zur Erzeugung regenerativer Energien (Biogas) aus Biomasse durch Vergärung. Biogas stellt eine wichtige und vielseitige Form der Bioenergie aus der Landwirtschaft dar. Die neuen Anlagen setzen fast ausnahmslos nachwachsende Rohstoffe (NaWaRo) wie Mais, Getreide, Hirse, Zuckerrüben, Sonnenblumen und teilweise Aufwuchs von Grünland mit oder ohne Gülle ein. Biogas wird derzeit überwiegend dezentral produziert und als Strom- und Wärmelieferant genutzt. Aufgrund dieser Dezentralität der Anlagen, die dadurch begründet ist, dass das primäre Ausgangsmaterial für die Biogaserzeugung wie Gülle oder Energiepflanzen aufgrund der niedrigen Energiedichte aus ökonomischen Gründen in der Regel nicht über längere Distanzen transportiert werden kann, ist die Integration guter Wärmenutzungskonzepte nicht immer möglich.
Der Dienst veröffentlicht Informationen zu den Erntezulassungsflächen, Gebietseigenen Gehölzen und Herkunftsgebieten im Land Brandenburg, mit Unterteilung nach Baum- bzw. Gehölzarten.
This raster dataset shows the main type of crop grown on each field in Germany each year. Crop types and crop rotation are of great economic importance and have a strong influence on the functions of arable land and ecology. Information on the crops grown is therefore important for many environmental and agricultural policy issues. With the help of satellite remote sensing, the crops grown can be recorded uniformly for whole Germany. Based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 time series as well as LPIS data from some Federal States of Germany, 18 different crops or crop groups were mapped per pixel with 10 m resolution for Germany on an annual basis since 2018. These data sets enable a comparison of arable land use between years and the derivation of crop rotations on individual fields. More details and the underlying (in the meantime slightly updated) methodology can be found in Asam et al. 2022.
Nachweis aller im Rauchgas/Luftgemisch von Fluessiggas- und Leichtoelbrennern auftretenden Stoffe (Pb, F, CrIII, CrVI, Zn, Se, Ni, As, Hg, Cd, Mo, Sn, Cu, SO2, Hf, NOx, polycyklische Aromate) bei Variation von Luftmenge, Gas- bzw. Oelmenge und Brennereinstellung. Ermittlung der Ablagerungen aus diesem Rauchgas/Luftgemisch auf Koernerschuettungen in Satz- und Durchlauftrocknern.
Durch unterschiedliche Kalkgaben von Huetten- und Mischkalk wurden Standorte ueber mehrere Rotationen konditioniert. Ertragsuntersuchungen an Weizen, Gerste und Mais werden unter Beruecksichtigung der Entwicklung von Ertragskomponenten vorgenommen. Nebenwirkungen des Huettenkalkes auf die Gesunderhaltung von Aehren werden gesondert ueberprueft.
Rain-cracking limits the production of many soft and fleshy fruit including sweet cherries world wide. Cracking is thought to result from increased water uptake through surface and pedicel. Water uptake increases fruit volume, and hence, turgor of cells (Pcell) and the pressure inside the fruit (Pfruit) and subjects the skin to tangential stress and hence, strain. When the strain exceeds the limits of extensibility the fruit cracks. This hypothesis is referred to as the Pfruit driven strain cracking. Based on this hypothesis cracking is related to two independent groups of factors: (1) water transport characteristics and (2) the intrinsic cracking susceptibility of the fruit defined as the amount of cracking per unit water uptake. The intrinsic cracking susceptibility thus reflects the mechanical constitution of the fruit. Most studies focussed on water transport through the fruit surface (factors 1), but only little information is available on the mechanical constitution (i.e., Pfruit and Pcell, tensile properties such as fracture strain, fracture pressure and modulus of elasticity of the exocarp; factors 2). The few published estimates of Pfruit in sweet cherry are all obtained indirectly (calculated from fruit water potential and osmotic potentials of juice extracts) and unrealistically high. They exceed those measured by pressure probe techniques in mature grape berry by several orders of magnitude. The objective of the proposed project is to test the hypothesis of the Pfruit driven strain cracking. Initially we will focus on establishing systems of widely differing intrinsic cracking susceptibility by varying species (sweet and sour cherry, Ribes and Vaccinium berries, plum, tomato), genotype (within sweet cherry), stage of development and temperature. These systems will then be used for testing the hypothesis of Pfruit driven strain cracking. We will quantify Pfruit und Pcell by pressure probe techniques and compression tests and the mechanical properties of the exocarp using biaxial tensile tests. When the presence of high Pfruit and Pcell is confirmed by direct measurements, subsequent studies will focus on the mode of failure of the exocarp (fracture along vs. across cell walls) and the relationship between failure thresholds and morphometric characteristics of the exocarp. However, when Pfruit und Pcell are low, the hypothesis of Pfruit driven strain cracking must be rejected and the mechanistic basis for low pressures (presence of apoplastic solutes) clarified on a temporal (in the course of development) and a spatial scale (exocarp vs. mesocarp). We focus on sweet cherry, because detailed information on this species and experience in extending the short harvest period is available. Where appropriate, other cracking susceptible species (sour cherry, plum, Vaccinium, Ribes, tomato) will be included to further extend the experimental period and to maximize the range in intrinsic cracking susceptibility.
In cereal breeding, optimal adaptation to a given environment and subsequently high yield potential is mainly determined by the time of flowering. Time to flowering, however, is commonly affected by a complex interplay between three determinants: photoperiodic and vernalization requirements as well as the intrinsic capability of a cultivar/genotype to flower. The intrinsic capability to flower early is also called 'earliness per se'. Here we would like to investigate an earlyheading mutant from diploid einkorn wheat (T. monococcum L.), line KT3-5, which possesses a single major recessive earliness per se (eps) locus on the very distal end of the long arm of chromosome 3A. During the proposed project we will (i) perform detailed phenotypic analyses and high-resolution genetic mapping of the early-heading mutant KT3-5 in diploid einkorn wheat, (ii) identify and isolate novel grass-specific genes/proteins which affect early spike development, controlling flowering time and spikelet number, and (iii) study the expression pattern, tissue-specificity and function of candidate gene(s) during early spike development. The molecular isolation of genes involved in early spike development will make an important contribution to future fine-tuning of flowering time in small grain cereal crops by providing a better understanding of the developmental genetic processes underlying heading time and spikelet number in wheat and related grasses.
Biodiversity conservation cannot rely on protected areas alone, as sustainable conservation requires strategies for managing whole landscapes including agricultural areas. Organic farming in Germany may contribute strongly to the protection of biodiversity and to sustainability of agriculture through enhancing ecosystem services. However, the effectiveness of this agri-environmental management is highly dependent on landscape structure. The main objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of organic cereal management in small vs. large scale agriculture through measure of the diversity of plants and arthropods and associated ecosystem services, such as seed predation, insect predation, aphid parasitism and pollination. Pairs of organic and conventional winter wheat fields will be selected in small vs. large scale agricultural landscapes along the former inner German border, i.e. in West vs. East Germany. This study design enables a unique experiment, where it would be possible to disentangle the effects of landscape composition and configuration heterogeneities in the same study region and to study how these affect the effectiveness of organic management. The detailed analyses of the expected valuable data could provide significant results (published in high ranked, international scientific journals), and contribute to the development of the existing
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