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TrilaWatt: Hydrodynamische Kennwerte 2017 (WMS)

<span><strong>Definitionen:</strong> Hydrodynamik beschreibt die Bewegung von Fluiden und die dabei wirkenden Kräfte. Hydrodynamische Kennwerte sind zeitintegrierte, beschreibende Parameter dieser Prozesse. So tragen bspw. die grundlegenden Tidekenngrößen des Tidehochwassers, des Tideniedrigwassers sowie der damit eng verbundenen Werte für Tidestieg, Tidefall und Tidehub dazu bei, die Dynamik der Tide herauszuarbeiten.</span> <span><strong>Datenerzeugung:</strong> Aus numerischen Simulationsdaten wurden physikalische Größen wie beispielsweise Wasserstand oder Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in festen zeitlichen Intervallen unter Berücksichtigung erreichbarer Genauigkeiten berechnet. Diese Simulationsdaten wurden mit Datenanalysemethoden zu hydrodynamischen Kennwerten wie beispielsweise dem Tidehub zusammengefasst. Es wurden harmonische Analysen des Wasserstandes durchgeführt und Tidekennwerte des Wasserstands bzw. statistische Langzeitkennwerte von Wasserstand, Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, Salzgehalt, Wassertemperatur und Schwebstoffgehalt berechnet. </span> <span><strong>Produkte:</strong> Hydrodynamische Kennwerte aus dem Projekt TrilaWatt basieren auf der Analyse der numerischen Simulation von Tide, Seegang, Salzgehalt, Temperatur und Schwebstoffkonzentration im Bereich des trilateralen Wattenmeers (Niederlande -nl, Deutschland -de, Dänemark -dk) und der Deutschen Bucht als Jahresmittel für das Jahr 2017. Die Daten werden als regelmäßiges 20 m Raster im GeoTIFF-Format bereitgestellt. Kennwerte werden nur für Berechnungszellen bereitgestellt, die im Analysezeitraum immer überflutet waren. In den Datenäquivalenten (*_no_filter) wurde diese Maskierung nicht angewendet. Nicht-gefilterte Datenäquivalente (no_filter) sind, falls physikalisch sinnvoll, ebenfalls erstellt worden. Bei nicht-gefilterten Datenprodukten ist zu beachten, dass die Anzahl der den Mittelwerten zugrundeliegenden Werte vor allem im Flachwasserbereich durch intertidales Trockenfallen geringer ist und damit die Mittelwertbildung beeinträchtigt ist. Die Anzahl an validen Datenpunkten bzw. Tiden pro Jahr (Anzahl gültiger Datenpunkte bzw. Anzahl Tidehochwasser) wird als Rasterdatei zur Einordnung nicht-gefilterter Produkte mitgeliefert.</span> <span><strong>Produktliste:</strong> - Tidehub und Tidehoch- und Tideniedrigwasser: 5-, 50- und 95% Quantil <br> - Laufzeitverschiebung zur Referenzposition „Leuchtturm Alte Weser“ von Tidehoch- und Tideniedrigwasser: Jahresmittelwerte <br> - Tidemittelwasser: 50% Quantil <br> - M2-Partialtide: Amplitude und Phase <br> - Tidehochwasser und validen Datenpunkte: Anzahl pro Jahr<br> - Wasserstand: 1-, 50- und 99% Quantil, Mittelwert, Minimum, Maximum <br> - Strömungsgeschwindigkeit: tiefengemittelter Mittelwert, 99- und 99,9% Quantil des Betrags <br> - Strömungsgeschwindigkeit: tiefengemittelter Betrag und x- und y-Komponente des Residuums <br> - Strömungsgeschwindigkeit: tiefengemittelter mittlerer, kubierter Betrag <br> - Bodenschubspannung: 99% Quantil, Mittelwert<br> - Salzgehalt, Temperatur und Schwebstoffkonzentration: tiefengemitteltes 1- und 99% Quantil und Mittelwert (Schwebstoffkonzentration als Summe aus drei Fraktionen mit einer Sinkgeschwindigkeit ws = 0,25, 1,5 und 7 mm/s) <br> - Signifikante Wellenhöhe des Seegangs: 50-, 95- und 99% Quantil, (Jahres-) Mittelwert und Maximalwert <br> - Mittlere Wellenperiode: Jahresmittelwert bei maximaler signifikanter Wellenhöhe<br> - Seegangsrichtung: x- und y-Komponenten des Residuums </span> <span><strong>English:</strong> This web service contains annual averages and quantiles of tidal characteristics, annual averages and quantiles of hydrographic parameters (e.g., depth-averaged salinity, suspended sediments, or sea water temperature), and tidal constituents from harmonic analyses that were estimated from numerical simulations of the year 2017. Data are distributed on regular 20 m grids as GeoTIFFs. </span> <span><strong>Download:</strong> A download is located under references (in German: "Verweise und Downloads"). </span>

Methane measurements at lander_2 in a coastal peatland at the German Baltic Sea in 2021

Rewetting peatlands is an important measure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, after rewetting, the areas are highly heterogeneous in terms of GHG exchange, which depends on water level and source, vegetation, previous use, and duration of rewetting. These challenging conditions require new technologies that go beyond discrete sampling. Here we present data from two autonomous lander platforms deployed at the sediment-water interface (bottom lander) of a shallow coastal peatland (approx. 1 m water depth) that was rewetted by brackish water from the Baltic Sea, thus becoming part of the coastal water through a permanent connection. These landers were equipped with six commercially available state-of-the-art sensors, and temporal high-resolution measurements of physico-chemical variables, including partial pressures of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), were made. The resolution of the field data ranged from 10 seconds to 120 minutes and was obtained for partial pressure of CO2 (Contros HydroC-CO2) and CH4 (Contros HydroC-CH4), temperature, salinity, pressure (water depth), oxygen (O2) (CTD-O2 with SBE-37SMP-ODO), the concentrations of phosphate (SBE HydroCycle PO4), nitrate (SBE SUNA V2), chlorophyll a and the turbidity (both with SBE-FLNTUSB ECO) as stationary measurements at two different locations in close proximity. The CTD and oxygen measurements provide exact water depth data for the respective lander locations. In the other data sets (e.g., CO2 measurements) rounded data are inserted instead of the exact depth data, which is 0.6 m for lander_1 and 0.9 m for lander_2. SUNA raw data are provided for completeness. However, we found them of insufficient quality to estimate nitrate concentrations due to interferences and biofouling. The deployment and recovery of the landers, and thus the measurements, took place between 02 June 2021 and 09 August 2021, and the sensors were operated under permanent wired power supply and a centralized timestamp. The sensors were maintained and cleaned bi-weekly. Results show considerable temporal fluctuations expressed as multi-day, diurnal, and event-based variability, with spatial differences caused by biologically-dominated variables.

Continuous thermosalinograph oceanography along RV HEINCKE cruise track HE651

Raw data acquired by a thermosalinograph (SBE21, SeaBird GmbH) on board RV HEINCKE were processed to receive a calibrated and validated data set of seawater temperature and salinity. Data were downloaded from DAVIS SHIP data base (https://dship.awi.de) with a resolution of 1 sec. The SBE21 was equipped with an additional external temperature sensor (SBE38, Sea-Bird GmbH). Raw data are converted to temperature and conductivity values using the calibration coefficients from the calibration before deployment. However, data can only be finally processed after replacement and renewed calibration because correction values for the sensor drift can only be obtained by the post cruise calibration. The thermosalinograph on board RV HEINCKE is exchanged about once a year and calibration procedures are conducted after every exchange. Salinity was calculated according to the instructions from the Practical Salinity Scale PSS-78 using the obtained internal temperature and conductivity data. Processed data are provided as 1min means of salinity and seawater temperature aligned with position data taken from master track of the respective cruise. Quality flags are appended according to the SeaDataNet Data Quality Control Procedures (version from May 2010).

Continuous thermosalinograph oceanography along RV HEINCKE cruise track HE634

Raw data acquired by a thermosalinograph (SBE21, SeaBird GmbH) on board RV HEINCKE were processed to receive a calibrated and validated data set of seawater temperature and salinity. Data were downloaded from DAVIS SHIP data base (https://dship.awi.de) with a resolution of 1 sec. The SBE21 was equipped with an additional external temperature sensor (SBE38, Sea-Bird GmbH). Raw data are converted to temperature and conductivity values using the calibration coefficients from the calibration before deployment. However, data can only be finally processed after replacement and renewed calibration because correction values for the sensor drift can only be obtained by the post cruise calibration. The thermosalinograph on board RV HEINCKE is exchanged about once a year and calibration procedures are conducted after every exchange. Salinity was calculated according to the instructions from the Practical Salinity Scale PSS-78 using the obtained internal temperature and conductivity data. Processed data are provided as 1min means of salinity and seawater temperature aligned with position data taken from master track of the respective cruise. Quality flags are appended according to the SeaDataNet Data Quality Control Procedures (version from May 2010).

CTD (AWI 1413, Sea & Sun 90 M Series II) data collected during the DAUNE experiment near Helgoland in August 2020

This data set contains CTD data collected during the DAUNE experiment using the given sensor. The goal of this experiment was to reach a common understanding of how measurement uncertainty can be derived initially focusing on temperature data. Data collection was performed using the AWI O2A infrastructure (https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/37171/) which performs automatized near real time quality control. During the data ingest and archival process, the hereby assigned quality flags used by the O2A system have been transformed into the pangaea flagging scheme as follows, flagging symbols are shown in brackets: O2A Flag ->PANGAEA Flag No quality control (0) ->unknown (*) Good data (1) ->valid () Probably good (2) ->questionable (?) Probably bad (3) ->questionable (?) Bad (4) ->not valid (/)

Physical oceanography during RV SENCKENBERG cruise SE202203-1

Data presented here were collected during the cruise SE202203-1 with RV Senckenberg from Neuharlingersiel, Germany to Neuharlingersiel, Germany (March, 14th, 2022 to March 18th, 2022). In total, 33 vertical deep CTD-hauls were conducted. The CTD system used was a Sea-Bird Electronics Inc. SBE 19plus V2 probe (SN 7245). The CTD was attached to a SBE 55 Carousel Water Sampler (SN 5571979-0100) containing 6 4-liter Ocean Test Equipment Inc. bottles. The system was equipped with additonally an altimeter (Benthos, SN 4711), and a double chlorophyll fluorometer (SCUFA Turner, SN 0773). The sensors were pre-calibrated by the manufacturers. Data were recorded with the Seasave V 7.26.7.107 software and processed using the SeaBird SBE Data Processing. Data were converted, filtered, loop edited and bin averaged (size 0.25 m) and also visually checked. The ship position was derived from a trimble DGPS-system linked to the CTD data. The time zone is given in UTC. For more details on post-processing see the CTD processing report attached. Raw data on request.

Methane measurements at lander_1 in a coastal peatland at the German Baltic Sea in 2021

Rewetting peatlands is an important measure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, after rewetting, the areas are highly heterogeneous in terms of GHG exchange, which depends on water level and source, vegetation, previous use, and duration of rewetting. These challenging conditions require new technologies that go beyond discrete sampling. Here we present data from two autonomous lander platforms deployed at the sediment-water interface (bottom lander) of a shallow coastal peatland (approx. 1 m water depth) that was rewetted by brackish water from the Baltic Sea, thus becoming part of the coastal water through a permanent connection. These landers were equipped with six commercially available state-of-the-art sensors, and temporal high-resolution measurements of physico-chemical variables, including partial pressures of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), were made. The resolution of the field data ranged from 10 seconds to 120 minutes and was obtained for partial pressure of CO2 (Contros HydroC-CO2) and CH4 (Contros HydroC-CH4), temperature, salinity, pressure (water depth), oxygen (O2) (CTD-O2 with SBE-37SMP-ODO), the concentrations of phosphate (SBE HydroCycle PO4), nitrate (SBE SUNA V2), chlorophyll a and the turbidity (both with SBE-FLNTUSB ECO) as stationary measurements at two different locations in close proximity. The CTD and oxygen measurements provide exact water depth data for the respective lander locations. In the other data sets (e.g., CO2 measurements) rounded data are inserted instead of the exact depth data, which is 0.6 m for lander_1 and 0.9 m for lander_2. SUNA raw data are provided for completeness. However, we found them of insufficient quality to estimate nitrate concentrations due to interferences and biofouling. The deployment and recovery of the landers, and thus the measurements, took place between 02 June 2021 and 09 August 2021, and the sensors were operated under permanent wired power supply and a centralized timestamp. The sensors were maintained and cleaned bi-weekly. Results show considerable temporal fluctuations expressed as multi-day, diurnal, and event-based variability, with spatial differences caused by biologically-dominated variables.

Continuous recordings of environmental parameters at station 17, Sagasbank (2023-10 - 2024-09)

Additionally, at four shallow water stations (Booknis Eck, Buelk, Behrensdorf and Katharinenhof) temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen are continuously logged at 2-3 m depth by self-contained data loggers. These are: (I) MiniDOT loggers (Precision Measurement Engineering; http://pme.com; ±10 µmol L-1 or ±5 % saturation) including copper antifouling option (copper plate and mesh) to measure dissolved oxygen concentration and (II) DST CT salinity & temperature loggers (Star-Oddi; http://star-oddi.com; ±1.5 mS cm-1) to record the conductivity. Both sensor types additionally record water temperature with an accuracy of ± 0.1 °C. The sampling interval was set to 30 minutes for all parameters. In context of the long-term monitoring project RegLocDiv (Regional-Local-Diversity) by M. Wahl (Franz, M. et al. 2019a), another seven stations were equipped with the same two types of sensors at 4-6 m depth to continuously record environmental parameters (again: temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen) and included into this data set. These stations are at: Falshoeft, Booknis Eck, Schoenberg, Westermarkelsdorf, Staberhuk, Kellenhusen and Salzhaff (abandoned in 2023). Since 2021, in the context of implementing a reef monitoring to fulfil obligations by the EU Habitats Directive, step-by-step, eleven further stations were installed at reefs in the Schleswig-Holstein Baltic Sea. These are at: Platengrund (14 m depth) and Mittelgrund (8 m) (both since 2021), at Walkyriengrund (9 m), Brodtener Ufer (8 m), Außenschlei (11 m), Kalkgrund (8 m), Stollergrund (7.5 m) and Flueggesand (10 m) (all since 2022), as well as at Gabelsflach (10 m), Sagasbank (8.5 m) and Stabehuk (11.5 m) (all since 2023). Again, at all of these 11 stations, temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen are continuously logged by self-contained data loggers: Conductivity (and temperature) is logged by HOBO® Salt Water Conductivity/Salinity Data Logger (Onset Computer Corporation, Bourne, MA, USA; https://www.onsetcomp.com) using the U2X protective housing to prevent fouling on the sensors. The same MiniDOT loggers (Precision Measurement Engineering) as at the above mentioned more shallow stations (including antifouling copper plate and mesh) are used to measure dissolved oxygen concentration. Dissolved oxygen concentration data measured by the MiniDOT loggers are corrected for a depth of 10 m (or 2,5 m on the shallow stations) using the software provided by the manufacturer. Additionally, a manual compensation for salinity was calculated (see details in Franz, M. et al. 2019b). Quality control was carried out by spike and gradient tests, following recommendations of SeaDataNet quality control procedures (see https://seadatanet.org/Standards/Data-Quality-Control). All data values were flagged according to applied quality checks using the following flags: 1 = Pass, 2 = Suspect, 3 = Fail, 4 = Visually suspect, 5 = Salinity compensation fail (further explanations can be found in Franz, M. et al. 2019b).

Continuous recordings of environmental parameters at station 19, Brodtener_Ufer (2022-09 - 2024-09)

Additionally, at four shallow water stations (Booknis Eck, Buelk, Behrensdorf and Katharinenhof) temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen are continuously logged at 2-3 m depth by self-contained data loggers. These are: (I) MiniDOT loggers (Precision Measurement Engineering; http://pme.com; ±10 µmol L-1 or ±5 % saturation) including copper antifouling option (copper plate and mesh) to measure dissolved oxygen concentration and (II) DST CT salinity & temperature loggers (Star-Oddi; http://star-oddi.com; ±1.5 mS cm-1) to record the conductivity. Both sensor types additionally record water temperature with an accuracy of ± 0.1 °C. The sampling interval was set to 30 minutes for all parameters. In context of the long-term monitoring project RegLocDiv (Regional-Local-Diversity) by M. Wahl (Franz, M. et al. 2019a), another seven stations were equipped with the same two types of sensors at 4-6 m depth to continuously record environmental parameters (again: temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen) and included into this data set. These stations are at: Falshoeft, Booknis Eck, Schoenberg, Westermarkelsdorf, Staberhuk, Kellenhusen and Salzhaff (abandoned in 2023). Since 2021, in the context of implementing a reef monitoring to fulfil obligations by the EU Habitats Directive, step-by-step, eleven further stations were installed at reefs in the Schleswig-Holstein Baltic Sea. These are at: Platengrund (14 m depth) and Mittelgrund (8 m) (both since 2021), at Walkyriengrund (9 m), Brodtener Ufer (8 m), Außenschlei (11 m), Kalkgrund (8 m), Stollergrund (7.5 m) and Flueggesand (10 m) (all since 2022), as well as at Gabelsflach (10 m), Sagasbank (8.5 m) and Stabehuk (11.5 m) (all since 2023). Again, at all of these 11 stations, temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen are continuously logged by self-contained data loggers: Conductivity (and temperature) is logged by HOBO® Salt Water Conductivity/Salinity Data Logger (Onset Computer Corporation, Bourne, MA, USA; https://www.onsetcomp.com) using the U2X protective housing to prevent fouling on the sensors. The same MiniDOT loggers (Precision Measurement Engineering) as at the above mentioned more shallow stations (including antifouling copper plate and mesh) are used to measure dissolved oxygen concentration. Dissolved oxygen concentration data measured by the MiniDOT loggers are corrected for a depth of 10 m (or 2,5 m on the shallow stations) using the software provided by the manufacturer. Additionally, a manual compensation for salinity was calculated (see details in Franz, M. et al. 2019b). Quality control was carried out by spike and gradient tests, following recommendations of SeaDataNet quality control procedures (see https://seadatanet.org/Standards/Data-Quality-Control). All data values were flagged according to applied quality checks using the following flags: 1 = Pass, 2 = Suspect, 3 = Fail, 4 = Visually suspect, 5 = Salinity compensation fail (further explanations can be found in Franz, M. et al. 2019b).

Continuous recordings of environmental parameters at station 13, Platengrund (2021-09 - 2024-09)

Additionally, at four shallow water stations (Booknis Eck, Buelk, Behrensdorf and Katharinenhof) temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen are continuously logged at 2-3 m depth by self-contained data loggers. These are: (I) MiniDOT loggers (Precision Measurement Engineering; http://pme.com; ±10 µmol L-1 or ±5 % saturation) including copper antifouling option (copper plate and mesh) to measure dissolved oxygen concentration and (II) DST CT salinity & temperature loggers (Star-Oddi; http://star-oddi.com; ±1.5 mS cm-1) to record the conductivity. Both sensor types additionally record water temperature with an accuracy of ± 0.1 °C. The sampling interval was set to 30 minutes for all parameters. In context of the long-term monitoring project RegLocDiv (Regional-Local-Diversity) by M. Wahl (Franz, M. et al. 2019a), another seven stations were equipped with the same two types of sensors at 4-6 m depth to continuously record environmental parameters (again: temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen) and included into this data set. These stations are at: Falshoeft, Booknis Eck, Schoenberg, Westermarkelsdorf, Staberhuk, Kellenhusen and Salzhaff (abandoned in 2023). Since 2021, in the context of implementing a reef monitoring to fulfil obligations by the EU Habitats Directive, step-by-step, eleven further stations were installed at reefs in the Schleswig-Holstein Baltic Sea. These are at: Platengrund (14 m depth) and Mittelgrund (8 m) (both since 2021), at Walkyriengrund (9 m), Brodtener Ufer (8 m), Außenschlei (11 m), Kalkgrund (8 m), Stollergrund (7.5 m) and Flueggesand (10 m) (all since 2022), as well as at Gabelsflach (10 m), Sagasbank (8.5 m) and Stabehuk (11.5 m) (all since 2023). Again, at all of these 11 stations, temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen are continuously logged by self-contained data loggers: Conductivity (and temperature) is logged by HOBO® Salt Water Conductivity/Salinity Data Logger (Onset Computer Corporation, Bourne, MA, USA; https://www.onsetcomp.com) using the U2X protective housing to prevent fouling on the sensors. The same MiniDOT loggers (Precision Measurement Engineering) as at the above mentioned more shallow stations (including antifouling copper plate and mesh) are used to measure dissolved oxygen concentration. Dissolved oxygen concentration data measured by the MiniDOT loggers are corrected for a depth of 10 m (or 2,5 m on the shallow stations) using the software provided by the manufacturer. Additionally, a manual compensation for salinity was calculated (see details in Franz, M. et al. 2019b). Quality control was carried out by spike and gradient tests, following recommendations of SeaDataNet quality control procedures (see https://seadatanet.org/Standards/Data-Quality-Control). All data values were flagged according to applied quality checks using the following flags: 1 = Pass, 2 = Suspect, 3 = Fail, 4 = Visually suspect, 5 = Salinity compensation fail (further explanations can be found in Franz, M. et al. 2019b).

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