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Satellite Color Images, Vegetation Indices, and Metabolism Indices from Zwickau, Germany from 1984 – 2023

The "Germany Mosaic" is a time series of Landsat satellite images and vectorized segments covering the entirety of Germany from 1984 to 2023. The image data are divided into TK100 sheet sections (see further details: Blattschnitt der Topographischen Karte 1:100 000). The dataset provides optimized 6-band imagery for each year, representing summer (May to July) and autumn (August to October) seasons, along with vegetation indices such as NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and NirV (Near-Infrared Reflectance of Vegetation) for the same periods. Additionally, vectorized "zones" of approximately homogeneous pixels are available for each year. The spectral properties of the image data and the morphological characteristics of these zones are included as vector attributes (see Documentation: "Mosaic (1984–2023) - Data Description"). An overview of the coverage and quality of all sheet sections is provided as a vector layer titled D-Mosaik_Sheet-Sections within this document. The Germany Mosaic can also be considered a spatial-temporal Data Cube, enabling advanced analysis and integration into workflows requiring multi-dimensional data. This structure allows users to perform operations such as querying data across specific time periods, analyzing trends over decades, or aggregating spatial information to generate tailored insights for a wide range of research applications. In mid-latitudes, seasonal variations in vegetation—and consequently in the image data—are typically more pronounced than changes occurring over several years. The temporal segmentation of the dataset has been designed to encompass the entire vegetation period (May to October), with the division into summer and autumn periods capturing seasonal metabolic shifts in natural biotopes. This segmentation also records most agricultural changes, including sowing and harvesting activities. Depending on weather conditions, the individual image data represent either the median, mean value, or the best available image for the specified time period (see Documentation: "Mosaic (1984–2023) - Data Description). Remote sensing has become an indispensable tool for environmental research, particularly in landscape analysis. Beyond conventional applications, the Germany Mosaic supports the development of digital twins in environmental system research. By providing detailed spatial and temporal data, this dataset enables the modeling of virtual ecosystems, facilitating simulations, scenario testing, and predictive analyses for sustainable management. Moreover, the spatial and temporal trends captured by remotely sensed parameters complement traditional approaches in biological, ecological, geographical, and epidemiological research.

Satellite Color Images, Vegetation Indices, and Metabolism Indices from Emden, Germany from 1985 – 2023

The "Germany Mosaic" is a time series of Landsat satellite images and vectorized segments covering the entirety of Germany from 1984 to 2023. The image data are divided into TK100 sheet sections (see further details: Blattschnitt der Topographischen Karte 1:100 000). The dataset provides optimized 6-band imagery for each year, representing summer (May to July) and autumn (August to October) seasons, along with vegetation indices such as NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and NirV (Near-Infrared Reflectance of Vegetation) for the same periods. Additionally, vectorized "zones" of approximately homogeneous pixels are available for each year. The spectral properties of the image data and the morphological characteristics of these zones are included as vector attributes (see Documentation: "Mosaic (1984–2023) - Data Description"). An overview of the coverage and quality of all sheet sections is provided as a vector layer titled D-Mosaik_Sheet-Sections within this document. The Germany Mosaic can also be considered a spatial-temporal Data Cube, enabling advanced analysis and integration into workflows requiring multi-dimensional data. This structure allows users to perform operations such as querying data across specific time periods, analyzing trends over decades, or aggregating spatial information to generate tailored insights for a wide range of research applications. In mid-latitudes, seasonal variations in vegetation—and consequently in the image data—are typically more pronounced than changes occurring over several years. The temporal segmentation of the dataset has been designed to encompass the entire vegetation period (May to October), with the division into summer and autumn periods capturing seasonal metabolic shifts in natural biotopes. This segmentation also records most agricultural changes, including sowing and harvesting activities. Depending on weather conditions, the individual image data represent either the median, mean value, or the best available image for the specified time period (see Documentation: "Mosaic (1984–2023) - Data Description). Remote sensing has become an indispensable tool for environmental research, particularly in landscape analysis. Beyond conventional applications, the Germany Mosaic supports the development of digital twins in environmental system research. By providing detailed spatial and temporal data, this dataset enables the modeling of virtual ecosystems, facilitating simulations, scenario testing, and predictive analyses for sustainable management. Moreover, the spatial and temporal trends captured by remotely sensed parameters complement traditional approaches in biological, ecological, geographical, and epidemiological research.

Satellite Color Images, Vegetation Indices, and Metabolism Indices from Schwerin, Germany from 1984 – 2023

The "Germany Mosaic" is a time series of Landsat satellite images and vectorized segments covering the entirety of Germany from 1984 to 2023. The image data are divided into TK100 sheet sections (see further details: Blattschnitt der Topographischen Karte 1:100 000). The dataset provides optimized 6-band imagery for each year, representing summer (May to July) and autumn (August to October) seasons, along with vegetation indices such as NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and NirV (Near-Infrared Reflectance of Vegetation) for the same periods. Additionally, vectorized "zones" of approximately homogeneous pixels are available for each year. The spectral properties of the image data and the morphological characteristics of these zones are included as vector attributes (see Documentation: "Mosaic (1984–2023) - Data Description"). An overview of the coverage and quality of all sheet sections is provided as a vector layer titled D-Mosaik_Sheet-Sections within this document. The Germany Mosaic can also be considered a spatial-temporal Data Cube, enabling advanced analysis and integration into workflows requiring multi-dimensional data. This structure allows users to perform operations such as querying data across specific time periods, analyzing trends over decades, or aggregating spatial information to generate tailored insights for a wide range of research applications. In mid-latitudes, seasonal variations in vegetation—and consequently in the image data—are typically more pronounced than changes occurring over several years. The temporal segmentation of the dataset has been designed to encompass the entire vegetation period (May to October), with the division into summer and autumn periods capturing seasonal metabolic shifts in natural biotopes. This segmentation also records most agricultural changes, including sowing and harvesting activities. Depending on weather conditions, the individual image data represent either the median, mean value, or the best available image for the specified time period (see Documentation: "Mosaic (1984–2023) - Data Description). Remote sensing has become an indispensable tool for environmental research, particularly in landscape analysis. Beyond conventional applications, the Germany Mosaic supports the development of digital twins in environmental system research. By providing detailed spatial and temporal data, this dataset enables the modeling of virtual ecosystems, facilitating simulations, scenario testing, and predictive analyses for sustainable management. Moreover, the spatial and temporal trends captured by remotely sensed parameters complement traditional approaches in biological, ecological, geographical, and epidemiological research.

High-resolution mapping of ice cover changes in over 33,000 lakes across the North Temperate Zone

Widespread reductions in lake ice have been detected recently worldwide, yet spatially detailed characterization of global lake ice is currently unavailable. Using 0.55 million Landsat satellite images from 1985 to 2020, we provide the first long-term wall-to-wall mapping of lake ice cover over the entire Northern Temperate Zone, comprising >33,000 lakes representing 48% of the global lake area in total.

Glacier outlines of Hallstätter Glacier, Austria, 1856 et seq in shapefile format

Glacier outlines of Hallstätter Glacier in the Dachstein Massif, Austria, are periodically mapped as part of the respective glacier mass balance monitoring program. Outlines are provided in shapefile format and were mapped based on the available DEMs, historical images, orthophotos or satellite images. Glacier area has decreased from 5.3 km2 in 1856 to 2.4 km2 in 2023. Detailed Information is given in Helfricht (2009), Kara (2020) and Bertolotti et al. (in prep.) and in the associated readme files. New outlines will be added as they become available.

4.13.1 Hochwasser 2002 (W=9,40 m) - Tatsächlich überschwemmte Flächen - TSP

tatsächlich überschwemmte Flächen bei den Hochwasserereignissen am 12./13.08.2002 (Gewässer 1. und 2. Ordnung) sowie am 17.08.2002 (Elbe) Inhalt: Die Darstellungen wurden aus Befliegungen der Bundeswehr zum Pegelhöchststand der Elbe (17.08.2002) und Satellitenaufnahmen (18.08.2002) sowie zahlreichen Dokumentationen von Mitarbeitern der Stadtverwaltung und Bürgern unter Nutzung des städtischen Digitalen Geländemodells (DGM) generiert. Die tatsächliche Ausdehnung wurde letztmalig im Juli 2003 im Ergebnis einer per Internet durchgeführten Bürgerbefragung verifiziert. Quelle: Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie: Vorläufiger Kurzbericht über die meteorologisch-hydrologische Situation beim Hochwasser im August 2002. Dresden, Dezember 2002 Die Karte verdeutlicht die Hochwassergefährdung einzelner Stadtgebiete und ermöglicht es, Maßnahmen der Hochwasservorsorge und -abwehr sowie der gemäß § 99 Absatz 3 Sächsisches Wassergesetz gebotenen Eigenvorsorge vorzubereiten. Dieser Datensatz kann gemäß den Nutzungsbestimmungen Datenlizenz Deutschland - Namensnennung - Version 2.0 (http://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0) genutzt werden. Eine Haftung für die Richtigkeit der Daten wird nicht übernommen, insbesondere übernimmt die Landeshauptstadt Dresden keine Haftung für mittels dieser Daten erhobene oder berechnete Ergebnisse Dritter.

Oberflächentemperaturen 2000 (Umweltatlas)

Oberflächentemperaturen am Abend des 13.08.2000 und Morgen des 14.08.2000 sowie die Temperaturdifferenzen Abend-Morgen, langwelliger Wellenlängenbereich zwischen 10,4 bis 12,5 µm, Bearbeitungsstand März 2001.

Oberflächentemperaturen 1991 (Umweltatlas)

Oberflächentemperaturen am Abend des 14.09.1991 und Morgen des 15.09.1991 sowie die Temperaturdifferenzen Abend-Morgen, langwelliger Wellenlängenbereich zwischen 10,4 bis 12,5 µm, Bearbeitungsstand November 1992.

4.13.1 Hochwasser 2002 (W=9,40 m) - Tatsächlich überschwemmte Flächen - TSP (WMS Dienst)

tatsächlich überschwemmte Flächen bei den Hochwasserereignissen am 12./13.08.2002 (Gewässer 1. und 2. Ordnung) sowie am 17.08.2002 (Elbe) Inhalt: Die Darstellungen wurden aus Befliegungen der Bundeswehr zum Pegelhöchststand der Elbe (17.08.2002) und Satellitenaufnahmen (18.08.2002) sowie zahlreichen Dokumentationen von Mitarbeitern der Stadtverwaltung und Bürgern unter Nutzung des städtischen Digitalen Geländemodells (DGM) generiert. Die tatsächliche Ausdehnung wurde letztmalig im Juli 2003 im Ergebnis einer per Internet durchgeführten Bürgerbefragung verifiziert. Quelle: Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie: Vorläufiger Kurzbericht über die meteorologisch-hydrologische Situation beim Hochwasser im August 2002. Dresden, Dezember 2002

4.13.1 Hochwasser 2002 (W=9,40 m) - Tatsächlich überschwemmte Flächen - TSP (WFS Dienst)

tatsächlich überschwemmte Flächen bei den Hochwasserereignissen am 12./13.08.2002 (Gewässer 1. und 2. Ordnung) sowie am 17.08.2002 (Elbe) Inhalt: Die Darstellungen wurden aus Befliegungen der Bundeswehr zum Pegelhöchststand der Elbe (17.08.2002) und Satellitenaufnahmen (18.08.2002) sowie zahlreichen Dokumentationen von Mitarbeitern der Stadtverwaltung und Bürgern unter Nutzung des städtischen Digitalen Geländemodells (DGM) generiert. Die tatsächliche Ausdehnung wurde letztmalig im Juli 2003 im Ergebnis einer per Internet durchgeführten Bürgerbefragung verifiziert. Quelle: Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie: Vorläufiger Kurzbericht über die meteorologisch-hydrologische Situation beim Hochwasser im August 2002. Dresden, Dezember 2002

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