Das Projekt "Future Danobe: Multi-hazard and Risk Model (OASIS 2017)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung e.V. durchgeführt. The Future Danube model is a multi-hazard and risk model suite for the Danube region that is currently developed comprising of modules for estimating potential perils from heavy precipitation, heatwaves, floods, droughts, as well as damage risk considering climate change. Web-based open Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology allows customers to graphically analyse and overlay perils and other spatial information such as population density or assets exposed. Co-design with stakeholders and practitioners considering user needs will increase the models utility beyond the insurance sector to industry and the public sector. PIK: Coordination, hydrological module, visualization module.
Das Projekt "Teilprojekt A" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von BASF SE durchgeführt. Im Projekt SysBioTop-Moving ist BASF verantwortlich für die dynamische Metabolommessungen für ausgewählte DILI (drug-induced liver injury/ Substanz-induzierte Leberschädigung)-Substanzen und die Bestimmung des zeitlichen Verlaufs von Substanzkonzentrationen in vitro. Mit diesen Daten, die in die 'Multi-Pathway'-Modelle integriert werden, wird BASF dazu beitragen, Datenlücken aus SysBioTop zu schließen (s. WP 1). Darüber hinaus wird BASF zusammen mit Unilever eine Liste industrierelevanter Testsubstanzen erstellen, die in der finalen Phase des Projektes verwendet werden (s. WP 2, WP 4). In WP 1 wird BASF durch Metabolom-Daten zur Entwicklung eines Modells basierend auf verschiedenen Stress-Signalwegen für bereits existierende HepG2-Daten beitragen. Im Vergleich zu den in SysBioTop generierten Daten können dabei durch die Verwendung einer weiterentwickelten, neuen Technologie, die einen erhöhten Probendurchsatz erlaubt, zusätzliche Zeitpunkte und Konzentrationen in die Versuche einbezogen werden. Die Messung der Substanzkonzentrationen in den Zellkulturen wird es den Projektpartnern ermöglichen, kinetische Modellierungen (PBPK, Physiology-based pharmacokinetics) sowie in-vitro-in-vivo-Extrapolationen (IVIVE) durchzuführen. In WP2 werden iPSC (induced pluripotent stem cells/ induzierte pluripotente Stammzellen)-basierte Reporterzelllinien, die im Rahmen des EU-ToxRisk-Projektes entwickelt wurden, zu Zellen differenziert, die Hepatozyten, Cardiomyocyten und neuronale Zellen repräsentieren. BASF wird - wo möglich - in der Folge für diese Zellen selektive Metabolomdaten generieren. In WP 4 sollen die zu entwickelnden Modelle zur schädlichen Wirkung von Substanzen durch die Untersuchung neuer Substanzen validiert werden. Diese neuen Substanzen werden von den Industriepartnern BASF und Unilever ausgewählt und dann in der vorgesehenen Testbatterie untersucht und bzgl. ihrer schädigenden Wirkung vorhergesagt.
Das Projekt "Estimation of willingness-to-pay to reduce risks of exposure to heavy metals and cost-benefit analysis for reducing heavy metals occurence in Europe (ESPREME)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Energiewirtschaft und Rationelle Energieanwendung durchgeführt. Heavy metals from different sources accumulate in the environment. From a policy point of view, it has been difficult to tackle the environmental problems due to heavy metals partly because the problem has been viewed from different policy domains (air, water, soils etc.). Thus, it is not guaranteed that the policy mix applied under environmental regulation is optimal. A systems analysis would be required to define the sources of heavy metals, how they are dispersed in the environment and which adverse effects they might cause on human and ecosystems health. From a policy point of view, it is also important to identify what kinds of policy responses would be most cost-effective to reduce the impacts of heavy metals. Such information is required for carrying out cost-benefit analyses of reducing the occurrence of heavy metals in our society. Identifying the benefits would include a monetary valuation of the impacts with contingent valuation (CV) approaches (e.g. assessing the willingness-to-pay, WTP). The focus of the work described will be on priority metals, which are mercury, cadmium, chrome, nickel, arsenic and lead. Core aim of the research is to carry out cost effectiveness (CEA) and cost-benefit analyses (CBA) for reducing the heavy metals occurrence, in the EU Member States and candidate countries, including damage assessment to the environment and human health in the long term following the impact pathway analysis which assesses the impacts and damages of pollutants from their emissions over their dispersion to exposure and impacts. Finally, a feasibility study will be conducted to identify the potentials, strengths and weaknesses and uncertainties of currently available macro-economic models to identify further research needs in this field.
Das Projekt "Sustainable Water management Improves Tomorrow's Cities'Health (SWITCH)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Ingenieurgesellschaft Prof. Dr. Sieker mbH durchgeführt. Context: With increasing global change pressures, and due to existing limitations, and un-sustainability factors and risks of conventional urban water management (UWM), cities experience difficulties in efficiently managing the ever scarcer water resources, their uses/services, and their after-use disposal, without creating environmental, social and/or economic damage. In order to meet these challenges, SWITCH calls for a paradigm shift in UWM. There is a need to convert adhoc actions (problem/incident driven) into a coherent and consolidated approach (sustainability driven). This calls for an IP Approach. Research conceptSWITCH therefore proposes an action research project which has as a main objective: The development, application and demonstration of a range of tested scientific, technological and socio-economic solutions and approaches that contribute to the achievement of sustainable and effective UWM schemes in 'The City of the future'.The project will be implemented by different combinations of consortium partners, along the lines of seven complementary and interactive themes. The research approach is innovative for the combination of: action research: address problems through innovation based upon involvement of users.learning alliances: to link up stakeholders to interact productively and to create win-win solutions along the water chain; multiple-way learning: European cities learn from each other and from developing countries, and vice versa.multiple-level or integrated approach: to consider the urban water system and its components (city level) in relation to its impacts on, and dependency of, the natural environment in the river basin (river basin level), and in relation to Global Change pressures (global level).Instruments and scopeAn IP with 30 partners, their resources, and a total budget of 25,191,396 EURO including budget for demonstration activities in 9 Cities in Europe and developing countries. Prime Contractor: UNESCO - Institute for Water Education, Delf, Netherlands.
Das Projekt "Establishment of Teak plantations for high-value timber production in Ghana" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Arbeitsbereich für Weltforstwirtschaft und Institut für Weltforstwirtschaft des Friedrich-Löffler-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit durchgeführt. Background and Objectives: The project area is located in the Ashanti Region of Ghana / West Africa in the transition zone of the moist semideciduous forest and tropical savannah zone. Main land use in this region is subsistence agriculture with large fallow areas. As an alternative land-use, forest plantations are under development by the Ghanaian wood processing company DuPaul Wood Treatment Ltd. Labourers from the surrounding villages are employed as permanent or casual plantation workers. Within three forest plantation projects of approximately 6,000 ha, DuPaul offers an area of 164 ha (referred to as Papasi Plantation) - which is mainly planted with Teak (Tectona grandis) - for research purposes. In return, the company expects consultations to improve the management for sustainable timber and pole production with exotic and native tree species. Results: In a first research approach, the Papasi Plantation was assessed in terms of vegetation classification, timber resources (in qualitative and quantitative terms) and soil and site conditions. A permanent sampling plot system was established to enable long-term monitoring of stand dynamics including observation of stand response to silvicultural treatments. Site conditions are ideally suited for Teak and some stands show exceptionally good growth performances. However, poor weed management and a lack of fire control and silvicultural management led to high mortality and poor growth performance of some stands, resulting in relative low overall growth averages. In a second step, a social baseline study was carried out in the surrounding villages and identified landowner conflicts between some villagers and DuPaul, which could be one reason for the fire damages. However, the study also revealed a general interest for collaboration in agroforestry on DuPaul land on both sides. Thirdly, a silvicultural management concept was elaborated and an improved integration of the rural population into DuPaul's forest plantation projects is already initiated. If landowner conflicts can be solved, the development of forest plantations can contribute significantly to the economic income of rural households while environmental benefits provide long-term opportunities for sustainable development of the region. Funding: GTZ supported PPP-Measure, Foundation
Das Projekt "Description of the Nature of the Accidental Misuse of Chemicals and chemical products (DeNaMiC)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung durchgeführt. The overall objective of this project is to provide an overview of the nature and extent of injury from chemicals and chemical products in the European region and detail information on the circumstances of how these exposures occur. The outcomes of this research will improve understanding of accidental poisoning and exposure to chemicals in household consumer products. The aim is to identify what data are available to characterise the nature and extent of injury from chemicals in household consumer chemicals and chemical products within Europe, and to find out what conclusions can be drawn from these data sources. It also aims to explore the feasibility of extracting information from poison centres databases for the same purpose, both retrospectively and prospectively. It is envisaged that the project findings will be used to evaluate and improve risk assessment and risk management measures to reduce the incidence and severity of poisoning exposures. To address the specific objectives of the project the work has been divided into five subcomponents as outlined below. 1. Undertake a literature review of published statistical data on the nature and frequency of incidents and events related to accidental exposures to household chemical products to provide an overview of what information is currently available1. 2. Review the data collected by two poisons centres on the circumstances of exposure to consumer chemical products by undertaking a retrospective analysis of enquiries made to two key European poisons centres over a three year period. 3. Evaluate the information collected through the retrospective study to determine how useful these data are for risk assessment purposes and to what extent such data can be collected on a European-wide basis. 4. Undertake a review of risk management measures currently used to reduce risk of poisoning from chemical consumer products. This will include an assessment of the alerting mechanisms used by poisons centres and lessons learned from toxicovigilance activities (e.g. monitoring toxicity of commercial products or identifying products causing significant morbidity or mortality). 5. Design and execute a prospective feasibility study to investigate in more detail the circumstances of exposure to a defined set of consumer chemical poisoning incidents. The design of the study will take into account the results and recommendations of the other subcomponents. The study will involve four poisons centres (Lille, London, Göttingen and Prague) and will be conducted over a six month period. Selected cases reported during this time will be analysed to assess the effectiveness of controls and barriers. This will include information on the circumstances of exposure and severity of poisoning and an assessment of possible preventative measures.
Das Projekt "Feasibility study on means of combating forest dieback in the European Union" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Arbeitsbereich für Weltforstwirtschaft und Institut für Weltforstwirtschaft des Friedrich-Löffler-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit durchgeführt. All EU Member States face economic and ecological losses due to forest damages. Thus, combating forest dieback, as for example caused by climate change, is a contribution to human safety and well-being and the sustainable development of Europe. The Feasibility Study on means of combating forest dieback in the European Union was initiated by the European Parliament demanding the European Commission to develop a concrete proposal for preventing, mitigating and control forest dieback in the EU. The study was carried out by the Institute for World Forestry and the European Forest Institute (EFI) in 2007. The main objectives of the study were to: - review the different factors affecting forest dieback in the EU and their related causes, - analyse and evaluate the effectiveness of available EU legislations and instruments to combat forest dieback in the EU and - examine the possibilities for establishing a specialised entity for forest protection. In the scope of the feasibility study a survey was conducted in the EU Member States on the importance of damaging agents in EU27 forests. The results of the survey show that the importance of individual threats to forest ecosystem health and vitality varies within European regions. Insects, storm/windfall, and fire were regarded as the most serious threats in Central Europe, Western Europe and Southern Europe respectively. Regional differences exist in relation to damage types and intensity, which thus reflect the importance for particular instruments to prevent, mitigate and control various causes of forest dieback. The feasibility study showed that at the EU level several efficient and well established measures have been implemented which contribute to the prevention, mitigation and control of forest dieback. The study showed also that as a consequence of the current state and the predicted development of environmental pressures, such as climate change, future activities on the EU level to combat forest dieback are urgently needed. Existing measures have to be further developed in order to (a) increase synergy effects between individual instruments, (b) make the instruments more transparent to the entire range of potential stakeholders and beneficiaries, and (c) improve the communication between the different actors involved. A major challenge will be to incorporate future patterns of forest dieback, into existing, amended or new measures. Only the triad of prevention, mitigation and control will put the EU into a position to maintain and enhance the multiple, beneficial functions of forests and their contribution to the quality of life.
Das Projekt "Assessment of Air Pollution Effects on Cultural Heritage - Management Strategies (CULT-STRAT)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Umweltbundesamt durchgeführt. CULT-STRAT will establish a scientific reference for developing strategies for policy and decision-makers on European and national levels within the CAFE Programme and for heritage managers for strategic decisions at local level. It will do this through a choice of material indicators and pollution threshold levels based on best available scientific data including deterioration models, spatial distribution and mapping of pollutants and of stock of materials at risk, cost estimates, comparison studies off different conservation approaches. Damage caused to objects of cultural heritage belongs to the most serious among the detrimental effects of anthropogenic air pollutants as it endangers a vital part of the European identity. There is therefore an urgent need to include the impact of pollutants on cultural heritage alongside the human health and parts of the ecosystem that are already concerned in the EU Directives on urban air quality. This is especially relevant for the CAFE (Clean Air for Europe) programme of the Commission and the Community interventions through the 'Culture 2000' framework programme and the structural funds. The overall aim is to identify material indicators and threshold levels of pollutants to be used for development of strategies for sustainable maintenance and preventive conservation of European cultural heritage and air quality policy to reduce damage. The models will permit ranking of the effects of pollutants on corrosion and soiling of materials. The air pollution models will be related to local fluxes, including indoor concentrations. The stock of cultural heritage materials at risk in selected areas (Paris, Rome, Florence, Prague, Madrid, and Berlin) will be used for assessment and mapping of areas where cultural heritage objects are endangered. Prime Contractor: Korrosionsinstitutet Sci AB, R&D Department Atmospheric Corrosion, Stockholm SE.
Das Projekt "Risikokarte Deutschland - Schäden durch Winterstürme - Das Schadensrisiko von Wohngebäuden in Baden-Württemberg" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology durchgeführt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Schadensanfälligkeit von privaten Wohngebäuden durch Winterstürme untersucht und es wird eine Abschätzung des individuellen Schadensrisikos für jede Gemeinde in Baden-Württemberg angegeben. Dazu wird ein Modell entwickelt, mit dem die Schadensanfälligkeit von Gebäuden durch Stürme simuliert werden kann. Nach einer kurzen Darstellung der Grundlagen bezüglich des Auftretens von Winterstürmen, dem Grenzschichtprofil des bodennahen Windes und den Ursachen von Sturmschäden an Gebäuden wird ausführlich auf die z.Z. gängigen Methoden eingegangen, die zur quantitativen Abschätzung von Sturmschäden an Gebäuden entwickelt wurden. Als Vorarbeit zur Erstellung des Schadensmodells werden Daten zu Gebäudeschäden, die für fünf Sturmereignisse in der Vergangenheit zur Verfügung stehen, auf Korrelation mit meteorologischen und topographischen Faktoren untersucht. Hierbei wird festgestellt, dass für die Schadenshöhe nicht die absolute Windgeschwindigkeit, sondern die Überschreitung einer für das Gebiet charakteristischen Windgeschwindigkeit (=Windklima) von maßgeblicher Bedeutung ist. Des Weiteren werden Zusammenhänge zwischen der lokalen Geländeform und dem Auftreten von Sturmschäden quantifiziert. Ausgehend von der exakten Formulierung von Sturmschäden an Gebäuden wird durch einige Vereinfachungen und Annahmen ein mit den vorhandenen Daten anwendbares Schadensmodell hergeleitet. Dieses Modell wird anhand von Schadensdaten der Sturmereignisse kalibriert und dient zur Berechnung der Schadenshöhe und der Anzahl der betroffenen Gebäude innerhalb eines Postleitzahlengebietes oder einer Gemeinde. Unter Annahme einer dem Windklima angepassten Bauweise von Gebäuden lassen sich mit dem entwickelten Modell sowohl die Gesamtschäden der Stürme (maximal 20 Prozent Abweichung) als auch die räumliche Verteilung der Schäden (Korrelationskoeffizient ca. 0,87) gut simulieren. Im Vergleich mit gängigen Schadensmodellen von Versicherungen werden im Geschwindigkeitsbereich bis 40m/s zwar geringere Schäden berechnet; bei höheren Geschwindigkeiten stimmen die Modelle jedoch sehr gut überein. Mit Kenntnis des Schadensrisikos lassen sich die Schäden angeben, mit denen mit einer bestimmten Wahrscheinlichkeit zu rechnen ist. Für drei unterschiedliche Modellannahmen werden für jede Gemeinde Baden-Württembergs Risikokurven berechnet und eine Abschätzung der Unsicherheiten gegeben. Es wird gezeigt, dass bei Annahme einer dem Windklima angepassten Gebäudebauweise die räumlichen Unterschiede des Risikos über der Landesfläche sehr gering sind. Mit einer Wahrscheinlichkeit von 2 Prozent innerhalb eines Jahres werden durchschnittlich 6 Prozent aller Wohngebäude innerhalb einer Gemeinde beschädigt und es muss mit einem Schaden von 0,25 Prozent des Gesamtwertes aller Wohngebäude gerechnet werden. Für ganz Baden-Württemberg wird ein durchschnittlicher jährlicher Schaden von 13 Mio. Euro berechnet, wobei ganz extreme Ereignisse mit sehr geringen Eintrittswahrschein
Das Projekt "Improved Protection of Paintings During Exhibition, Storage and Transit (PROPAINT)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Fraunhofer-Institut für Silicatforschung (ISC) durchgeführt. Paintings are among the most important and most visited masterpieces in European museums, galleries and exhibition facilities. To preserve the paintings as close as possible to the artists original expression, is a central focus for national authorities, museum administrators and technical conservators. An important part of this work is to protect the paintings against the degrading influences of the various indoor environments. Specially designed microclimates are more and more used for this purpose. There is a growing concern about the nature of the microclimate which develops over time in these enclosed spaces and its potential for damage to the paintings. The main aim of the PROPAINT project is to develop innovative protection treatments used as a preventive conservation measure for paintings during exhibition, storage and transit. The PROPAINT project will execute research on the protective effect of microclimate-frames, particularly focusing on the microclimate paintings are exposed to inside the frames. PROPAINT will undertake research on the protective effect of varnishes applied to paintings generally and specifically inside microclimate frames. Measurements of the state of microenvironments in microclimate frames and the potential deteriorating effects on paintings will be made both in the laboratory and in the field by using, for the first time simultaneously, dosimeters developed in previous EC projects. The appropriateness and the synergies of their integrated use will be evaluated. The results of the project will allow improved design of microclimate frames to offer best possible microclimates for conservation of paintings during exhibition, storage and transit. The project will contribute with improved comparative knowledge about microclimate effects on varnishes applied to paintings as remediation surface treatments. The project results will also contribute to preventive conservation measures and standards for microclimate control of paintings. Prime Contractor: Norsk institutt for Luftforskning; Kjeller; Norway.
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