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Multibeam bathymetry raw data (Atlas Hydrosweep DS 3 echo sounder entire dataset) of RV POLARSTERN during cruise PS142

Multibeam data were collected with RV Polarstern along the route of cruise PS142 and data acquisition was continuously monitored during the survey. Multibeam sonar system was Teledyne/Atlas Hydrosweep DS3. SVPs were retrieved from CTD data and synthetic profiles from World Ocean Atlas 18. SVPs were processed with HydrOffice SoundSpeedManager (https://www.hydroffice.org/soundspeed/main) and extended with World Ocean Atlas 18 (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/NCEI-WOA18). SVP data were applied during acquisition. Multibeam data are unprocessed and may contain outliers and blunders and should not be used for grid calculations and charting projects without further editing. The raw multibeam sonar data in Teledyne Reson multibeam processing format (.s7k) were recorded with Teledyne PDS software. Raw data files can be processed using software packages like CARIS HIPS/SIPS. For updated vessel configuration files check further details.

Multibeam bathymetry raw data (Atlas Hydrosweep DS 3 echo sounder entire dataset) of RV POLARSTERN during cruise PS151

Multibeam data were collected with RV Polarstern along the route of cruise PS151 and data acquisition was almost continuously monitored during the survey. Multibeam sonar system was Teledyne/Atlas Hydrosweep DS3. SVPs were retrieved from CTD data and synthetic profiles from World Ocean Atlas 23. SVPs were processed with HydrOffice SoundSpeedManager (https://www.hydroffice.org/soundspeed/main) and extended with World Ocean Atlas 23 (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/NCEI-WOA23). SVP data were applied during acquisition. Multibeam data are unprocessed and may contain outliers and blunders and should not be used for grid calculations and charting projects without further editing. The raw multibeam sonar data in Teledyne Reson multibeam processing format (.s7k) were recorded with Teledyne PDS software. Raw data files can be processed using software packages like CARIS HIPS/SIPS. For updated vessel configuration files check further details.

Continuous thermosalinograph oceanography along RV HEINCKE cruise track HE651

Raw data acquired by a thermosalinograph (SBE21, SeaBird GmbH) on board RV HEINCKE were processed to receive a calibrated and validated data set of seawater temperature and salinity. Data were downloaded from DAVIS SHIP data base (https://dship.awi.de) with a resolution of 1 sec. The SBE21 was equipped with an additional external temperature sensor (SBE38, Sea-Bird GmbH). Raw data are converted to temperature and conductivity values using the calibration coefficients from the calibration before deployment. However, data can only be finally processed after replacement and renewed calibration because correction values for the sensor drift can only be obtained by the post cruise calibration. The thermosalinograph on board RV HEINCKE is exchanged about once a year and calibration procedures are conducted after every exchange. Salinity was calculated according to the instructions from the Practical Salinity Scale PSS-78 using the obtained internal temperature and conductivity data. Processed data are provided as 1min means of salinity and seawater temperature aligned with position data taken from master track of the respective cruise. Quality flags are appended according to the SeaDataNet Data Quality Control Procedures (version from May 2010).

Continuous thermosalinograph oceanography along RV HEINCKE cruise track HE634

Raw data acquired by a thermosalinograph (SBE21, SeaBird GmbH) on board RV HEINCKE were processed to receive a calibrated and validated data set of seawater temperature and salinity. Data were downloaded from DAVIS SHIP data base (https://dship.awi.de) with a resolution of 1 sec. The SBE21 was equipped with an additional external temperature sensor (SBE38, Sea-Bird GmbH). Raw data are converted to temperature and conductivity values using the calibration coefficients from the calibration before deployment. However, data can only be finally processed after replacement and renewed calibration because correction values for the sensor drift can only be obtained by the post cruise calibration. The thermosalinograph on board RV HEINCKE is exchanged about once a year and calibration procedures are conducted after every exchange. Salinity was calculated according to the instructions from the Practical Salinity Scale PSS-78 using the obtained internal temperature and conductivity data. Processed data are provided as 1min means of salinity and seawater temperature aligned with position data taken from master track of the respective cruise. Quality flags are appended according to the SeaDataNet Data Quality Control Procedures (version from May 2010).

ADCP current measurements (1200 kHz) during RV SENCKENBERG cruise SE202203-2

Ocean velocities were collected by a Teledyne RDI 1200 kHz Workhorse Sentinel II ADCP that was mounted on RV SENCKENBERG during RV SENCKENBERG cruise SE202203-2. The transducer was located at 1.5 m below the water line. The instrument was operated in single-ping, broadband mode with bin size of 0.25 m and a blanking distance of 0.25 m. The velocity of the ship was calculated from position fixes obtained by the Global Positioning System (GPS) received at a Trimble SPS461 Modular GPS Heading Receiver. Heading was obtained both from the Trimble receiver and the internal ADCP gyro. Heading as well as pitch and roll data from ADCP's internal gyrocompass and the navigation data were used by the data acquisition software ViSea DAS (AquaVision®) internally to convert ADCP velocities into earth coordinates. Accuracy of the ADCP velocities mainly depends on the quality of the position fixes as well as Trimble receiver and internal ADCP heading data. Further errors stem from a misalignment of the transducer with RV SENCKENBERG's centerline.

Physical oceanography during RV SENCKENBERG cruise SE202203-1

Data presented here were collected during the cruise SE202203-1 with RV Senckenberg from Neuharlingersiel, Germany to Neuharlingersiel, Germany (March, 14th, 2022 to March 18th, 2022). In total, 33 vertical deep CTD-hauls were conducted. The CTD system used was a Sea-Bird Electronics Inc. SBE 19plus V2 probe (SN 7245). The CTD was attached to a SBE 55 Carousel Water Sampler (SN 5571979-0100) containing 6 4-liter Ocean Test Equipment Inc. bottles. The system was equipped with additonally an altimeter (Benthos, SN 4711), and a double chlorophyll fluorometer (SCUFA Turner, SN 0773). The sensors were pre-calibrated by the manufacturers. Data were recorded with the Seasave V 7.26.7.107 software and processed using the SeaBird SBE Data Processing. Data were converted, filtered, loop edited and bin averaged (size 0.25 m) and also visually checked. The ship position was derived from a trimble DGPS-system linked to the CTD data. The time zone is given in UTC. For more details on post-processing see the CTD processing report attached. Raw data on request.

Radiosonde measurements during POLARSTERN cruise PS132

The meteorological observatory Polarstern continuously performs radiosoundings during times of ship operation. Typically, there is one launch to full altitude at 12 UTC every day. Additionally, there often is a launch with a smaller balloon for forecasting purposes (helicopter operations) around 6 UTC. All data reports are distributed via global networks of the World Meteorological Organisation. All data published here is generally as recorded. Data affected by known technical issues are not contained in this record.

Continuous optical chlorophyll-a and turbidity data along RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM129/1

Underway optical chlorophyll-a and turbidity data were collected along the cruise track with Sea-Bird Scientific ECO FLNTU sensors installed within two autonomous measurement containers, as part of the "Reinseewassersystem" (RSWS). The containers measure alternatingly. While one container is measuring, the other one is being cleaned. The boxes switched generally every 12 hours. The water inlet for the RSWS is at about 6.5 m below sea surface. Observed chlorophyll-a and turbidity data were both quality controlled. Analysis of the chlorophyll-a and turbidity data during parallel operation of the sensors in the two boxes showed significant differences between the sensors. The sensors were aligned resulting in consistent chlorophyll-a and turbidity time series. The corrected chlorophyll-a data were calibrated based on chlorophyll-a values from discrete water samples taken from a RSWS water outlet in the hangar. Samples were frozen and measured fluorometrically in the lab. The time series was separated into two sections, coastal and open ocean, which were calibrated independently. The turbidity time series was also compared to suspended particulate matter from water samples, however, correlation was low and therefore the comparison not used for calibrating turbidity. The calibrated chlorophyll-a time series and corrected turbidity time series were compared against Globcolour CHL1 and TSM products, respectively. Details on all quality control steps, the calibration, and the comparison with satellite data can be found in the data processing report. The data set user should keep in mind that some parts of the time series are likely affected by non-photochemical quenching, see data processing report. It was out of the scope of the quality control to flag or correct non-photochemical quenching. The resulting data set contains the original data and corresponding quality flags achieved by the quality control algorithm as well as the calibrated chlorophyll-a and corrected turbidity data with corresponding quality flags. The data source is given through the name of the active container. The data set contains data during transit time and station work. We recommend to use ship's speed to filter for only transit data.

Dissolved methane concentrations, diffusive methane flux and EOVs in the German Bight in September 2024 (Sternfahrt 12)

In continuation of the previous cruises (Sternfahrten) we covered a similar area with the RVs Ludwig Prandtl and Mya II. All instruments were set up in the MOSES laboratory container. Standard hydrographic parameters were determined with a pocket ferrybox running with ship's surface water supply. In addition, dissolved methane was determined continuously. We used a degassing unit which was using surface water from the ship's water supply. The gas mixture was subsequently analysed with a Greenhouse Gas Analyzer from LosGatos. Conversion to methane concentration was performed with water samples, from which the methane content was determined with gas chromatography. Atmospheric methane concentrations were obtained from the ICOS-station Helgoland. Wind speed was obtained from the ships meteorological systems. The diffusive flux was calculated as outlined in the additional meta data description.

Multibeam bathymetry raw data (Kongsberg EM712 entire dataset) of RV HEINCKE during cruise HE659

Raw multibeam bathymetry data from the Kongsberg EM712 was acquired during the RV Heincke cruise HE659 in the German Bight in April 2025. The data was generally acquired during calm seas in water depths between 20 and 50 m. Primarily three different regions were surveyed (Borkumer Reef Ground, Sylt Outer Reef, and Helgoland). Generally the data is comprehensive and overlapping swaths creating a continuous bathymetry were archived. In some areas the data was acquired complementary to sidescan sonar surveys and individual tracks do not overlap. Data are unprocessed and therefore may contain some incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) without further processing. No tide variations are applied. Sound velocity profiles were acquired regularly. Overall, it appears that the data quality is rather good. The gridded data showed relatively few obstacles.

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