We study the effects of plants and root-associated fungi on wind erosion within the alpine environment of Tibet. China is one of the countries most affected by desertification processes and Tibet, in particular, a key region in desertification combat. The presented project focuses on the Barkha Plain surrounded by Mount Kailash and the Lake of Manasarovar (Ngari Prefecture). This Western Tibet region experienced little scientific attention but, nowadays, faces rapidly increasing touristic activities and expanding local settlements associated with socio-economic changes that are serious threats to the delicate ecological balance and potential triggers of desertification. It exists almost unanimous agreement that revegetation is the most efficient and promising strategy to combat wind erosion and desertification in the long term. However, re-colonising success is often poor, mainly under extreme environmental conditions. Compared to conventional practices, the approach of the presented project attains better accordance with natural succession processes and promises acceleration of both plant and soil development and, conclusively, more efficient desertification control. The project assesses the potential of native plants and symbiotic fungi to control wind erosion and desertification processes. It aims to identify key plants and fungi that increase soil aggregate stability and efficiently drive succession into a natural and self-maintaining cycle of the ecosystem. Furthermore, it provides crucial information for implementing environmentally compatible and cost-effective measures to protect high-elevation ecosystems against desertification. Within three successional stages (early, intermediate, late), field investigations are performed on the basis of Modified-Whittaker plots. Classic methods of vegetation analysis and myco-sociology are combined with analysis of distribution patterns at different scales (patchiness, connectivity). Comprehensive soil analysis is performed comprising grain size distribution, aggregate stability, pH as well as water and nutrient contents. Additionally, important parameters of wind erosion are measured concurrently and continuously to assess their magnitude and variability with respect to vegetation and soil at different levels of development. The parameters addressed, include sediment transport, air temperature, radiation, precipitation, relative humidity as well as speed and direction of wind. Surface moisture is recorded periodically and roughness described. Species and environmental parameters are checked for spatial correlation. Cutting edge technologies are applied in laboratory work, comprising molecular methods for fungal species identification and micro-tomography to analyse soil structure. Furthermore, successfully cultivated fungi and plants are subject of synthesis experiments and industrial propagation in view of practical implementation in restoration measures.
Die Öffnung im frühen Neogen und anschließende Verbreiterung und Vertiefung der Fram-Straße, der einzigen Tiefenwasserverbindung zwischen Arktischem und Atlantischem Ozean, stellt ein grundlegendes tektonisches Ereignis dar, das weitreichende Konsequenzen fuer die globale Ozeanzirkulation und die Klimaentwicklung sowie fuer Sedimentationsprozesse in den angrenzenden Ozeanbecken und entlang der Kontinentalränder hatte. Die entstandenen Sedimentarchive erlauben es in der Kombination von seismischen Kartierungen mit stratigraphischen Untersuchungen an existierenden DSDP/ODP-Bohrkernen, Rueckschluesse auf die Entwicklungsgeschichte dieser tiefen Meeresstrasse auf tektonischen Zeitskalen (100.000-1.000.000 Jahre) zu ziehen. Die seismostratigraphische Untersuchung von sedimentären Strukturen anhand teilweise neu zu bearbeitender reflexionsseismischer Profile in der Fram-Straße und den Antragstellern neu zugänglich gemachter externer Daten von den angrenzenden bzw. konjugierten Kontinentalrändern von Grönland und Norwegen (Daten von BGR, NPD, GEUS) stellt somit wertvolle Informationen ueber die regionale tektonische, ozeanographische und klimatische Entwicklung bereit, u.a der Vereisungsgeschichte der nördlichen Hemisphäre. Unser Ziel ist es, aus den Reflexionsmustern und internen Sedimentstrukturen seismischer Profile auf die Ablagerungsmechanismen zu schließen, um damit wiederum tektonische Prozesse sowie Veränderungen der ozeanischen Zirkulation in der Fram-Straße zu rekonstruieren. Einen wesentlichen Beitrag dazu leisten veröffentlichte und geplante Überarbeitungen der Chronostratigraphie der DSDP/ODP-Bohrkerne der Lokationen 343, 642/643, 909, 910, 912 und 913, die eine Datierung der seismischen Grenzflächen (Reflektoren) und eine sedimentologische Charakterisierung der seismischen Einheiten ermöglichen.
Dieses Projekt konzentriert sich auf die lateral umfassende (21ºS bis 25°S) Aufzeichnung des fluvialen Transports und der Ablagerung entlang der Küste, die als Schwemmkegel in der schmalen Küstenebene erhalten sind. Ziel ist es, den langfristigen küstenparallelen Klimagradienten und zeitliche Schwankungen der Transportvorgänge aus den Quellgebieten in der Küstenkordillere und Ablagerungsraten abzuleiten. Der Zeitbereich dieses Projekts ist das Quartär, eingeschränkt vom maximalen Alter der schmalen Küstenebene. Schwerpunkte sind die Sedimentologie und Chronologie der Küstenschwemmkegel. Chronologische Informationen werden durch Lumineszenzdatierung von feinkörnigen Sedimenten und Bedeckungsaltersdatierungen von Grobsedimenten, mittels kosmogenen Nukliden, gewonnen.
Digitale Oberflächenmodelle der Sedimentschichten des Seebeckens (320 km2) und der Aufbau von Zeitreihen zur Untersuchung der Dynamik von Sedimentations- versus Abtrags-Prozessen im offenen See (150 km2) und in den zweitgrößten zusammenhängenden Schilfgebieten Europas (170 km2) dienen der detaillierten Erfassung und Analyse von hydrologisch-limnologischen sowie habitat-ökologischen Parametern in diesem grenzüberschreitenden UNESCO-World Heritage Site.
Salt marshes are valued for their ecosystem services, including blue carbon storage, biodiversity support, and wave attenuation. Reconstructing long-term sedimentation dynamics is essential for assessing accretion rates and blue carbon stocks, and for projecting the future development of salt marsh ecosystems under global change. Radiometric dating, based on lead (²¹⁰Pb) and cesium (¹³⁷Cs) profiles, is a suitable method for this purpose. We applied it to soil cores from restored polders and a reference salt marsh in the souther part of the German Wadden Sea. A total of three soil cores (topsoil down to a maximum depth of 90 cm) were collected from two former polders, restored 15 years ago (recently grazed) and 30 years ago (managed, ungrazed), and from a reference salt marsh with similar geomorphological settings. Cores were taken by driving a tube (10 cm in diameter) into the soil, and sampling-related compaction was corrected. Cores were cut into 2 cm slices, dried to constant weight at 105 °C, and ground to <630 µm. Homogenized, sealed samples were analyzed at Laboratory of Radioisotopes, University of Göttingen after an equilibration period of 28 days, using a high-purity germanium detector (ORTEC C-Series PROFILE GEM Coaxial P-type, Ametek GmbH, Meerbusch, Germany; relative efficiency 30%, resolution 1.9 keV at 1.33 MeV) with a counting time of 69 h. Energy and efficiency calibration was performed with a commercially available multi-gamma standard solution (No. 7603, Eckert & Ziegler Isotope Products, Valencia, CA, USA). Activities of ²¹⁰Pb, ²¹⁴Pb, ²¹⁴Bi, ¹³⁷Cs, and ²⁴¹Am were determined from the peaks of discrete gamma energy lines using LabVision (v. 3.2.7.0, AMETEK/ORTEC). The measurements revealed distinct ¹³⁷Cs peaks, most likely corresponding to the 1986 Chernobyl accident and the nuclear weapons tests of the 1950s, while ²¹⁰Pb activity decreased with soil depth in all cores. Radiometric dating of soil cores from restored polders and the reference salt marsh thus provides valuable data for comparing the sediment dynamics of restored polders with those of a natural salt marsh.
This dataset presents porewater and solid-phase geochemistry as well as microbial cell counts and microbial induced sulfate reduction rates from calcite-amended and unamended sediment cores collected in Kiel Bight in February 2025 during cruise L25-02b. Sediment cores were incubated at 8° C under controlled oxygen cycles in the laboratory of the home institute. Porewater was extracted by centrifugation and anoxic filtration. Solid phase analyses included organic carbon (COrg), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), total sulfur (%) and data from sequential iron (Fe) extraction (Cline Assay), calcium ions, Fe total, manganese (Mn total, ICP-OES), sulfate (IC), alkalinity, hydrogen sulfide. Sulfate reduction rates were quantified using 35S-radiotracer incubation and cold chromium distillation (Kallmeyer et al., 2004, Roy et al., 2014). Furthermore, cell counts were determined. The dataset supports evaluation of enhanced benthic weathering effects on sulfur cycling, iron speciation and microbial activity in dynamic and seasonally hypoxic coastal sediments.
It is expected that the calcification of foraminifera will be negatively affected by the ongoing acidification of the oceans. Compared to the open oceans, these organisms are subjected to much more adverse carbonate system conditions in coastal and estuarine environments such as the southwestern Baltic Sea, where benthic foraminifera are abundant. This study documents the seasonal changes of carbonate chemistry and the ensuing response of the foraminiferal community with bi-monthly resolution in Flensburg Fjord. In comparison to the surface pCO2, which is close to equilibrium with the atmosphere, we observed large seasonal fluctuations of pCO2 in the bottom and sediment pore waters. The sediment pore water pCO2 was constantly high during the entire year ranging from 1244 to 3324 µatm. Nevertheless, in contrast to the bottom water, sediment pore water was slightly supersaturated with respect to calcite as a consequence of higher alkalinity (AT) for most of the year. Foraminiferal assemblages were dominated by two calcareous species, Ammonia aomoriensis and Elphidium incertum, and the agglutinated Ammotium cassis. The one-year cycle was characterised by seasonal community shifts. Our results revealed that there is no dynamic response of foraminiferal population density and diversity to elevated sediment pore water pCO2. Surprisingly, the fluctuations of sediment pore water undersaturation (Omega calc) co-vary with the population densities of living Ammonia aomoriensis. Further, we observed that most of the tests of living calcifying foraminifera were intact. Only Ammonia aomorienis showed dissolution and recalcification structures on the tests, especially at undersaturated conditions. Therefore, the benthic community is subjected to high pCO2 and tolerates elevated levels as long as sediment pore water remains supersaturated. Model calculations inferred that increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations will finally lead to a perennial undersaturation in sediment pore waters. Whereas benthic foraminifera indeed may cope with a high sediment pore water pCO2, the steady undersaturation of sediment pore waters would likely cause a significant higher mortality of the dominating Ammonia aomoriensis. This shift may eventually lead to changes in the benthic foraminiferal communities in Flensburg Fjord, as well as in other regions experiencing naturally undersaturated Omega calc levels.
In Verbindung mit Küstenschutzmaßnahmen je nach Örtlichkeit und Themen.
This dataset contains data from the RV Heincke cruise HE582 to the German Bight of the North Sea in late summer 2021. The aim of the research was to investigate the source of sedimentary glycan concentrations in subtidal sandy sediments. Glycans represent a substantial fraction of extracellular polymeric substances and may affect flow dynamics in marine sandy sediments. The origin and concentration of glycans in sands remain understudied until today. To gain insights into oxygen supply and glycan concentrations in sandy sediment, we conducted in situ measurements and sampled sediment via a van Veen grab for ex situ investigations. Oxygen penetration depths were determined by a benthic lander, which was deployed for ca. 24h at each station. Chlorophyll a concentrations as an indicator for potentially photosynthetically active sedimentary biomass were derived via extraction with 90% acetone against Sigma Aldrich standards. Glycan concentrations served as indicator for extracellular polymeric substances and were quantified against a glucose standard curve via a phenol sulfuric acid assay after prior sequential glycan extraction (MilliQ, EDTA, NaOH). The final glycan concentrations are referred to per volume of porespace, and therefore given in mmol/l porewater. To investigate if benthic primary producers could be responsible for the extracted sedimentary glycan concentrations, we conducted stable isotope incubations.
The permeable sandy sediments of beach aquifers receive a high input of electron acceptors, such as oxygen (O2), as well as fresh organic matter through seawater infiltration, driving the biogeochemical turnover in the subterranean estuary. Here, we experimentally determined seasonal sedimentary O2 consumption rates of intertidal sediments along a transect in the seawater infiltration zone at Spiekeroog Island North Beach, Germany, and present the data together with measurements of organic carbon and grain sizes, oxygen concentration of pore waters and beach topography. The samples were taken down to 1 m depth during two-monthly sampling campaigns from May 2022 to April 2023. Preliminary investigations of O2 consumption rates took place in in March, June and August 2017. Sediment and porewater sampling procedures were carried out as described by Massmann et al. (2023). O2 consumption rates were determined in slurry incubations of the retrieved sediments using gas tight vials (Labco Exetainer® 12 ml) equipped with O2 sensor spots (Pyroscience, OXSP5). Incubations were carried out in the dark at in situ temperatures, and vials were mounted on a rotating wheel to mimic porewater advection. The sediment's total organic carbon content was determined in a CS analyser (Eltra CS 800). Additionally, the fine fraction of the sediment was washed out and the organic carbon content of the fine sediments was measured in a CHNSO analyser (Hekatech Euro EA). The grain size distribution of the sediments was detemined using dynamic image analysis (Sympatec QICPIC). The O2 concentration in the pore water along the transect was measured immediately after the sample was taken using a flow-through oxygen optode (Pyroscience, OXFTC). The data was collected to investigate the impact of seasonal inputs and filtration efficiency on the O2 consumption during seawater infiltration into the permeable sands of beach aquifers.
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