Im Thema "Gebiete mit naturbedingten Risiken" wird auf geogene Naturgefahren durch Subrosion/Verkarstung sowie auf seismische Ereignisse hingewiesen. Im Datensatz enthalten sind Informationen zu Gefahrengebieten bzw. Gebieten mit Gefährdungspotenzial, beobachtete Ereignisse zum Subrosionsgeschehen sowie die Erdbebenereignisse, deren Herdgebiete im Land bzw. in unmittelbarer Umgebung liegen. Zum Thema gehören die Geodaten Gefahrenhinweise Subrosion und seismische Ereignisse.
Das Projekt "Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 527: Bereich Infrastruktur - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program/Ocean Drilling Program (IODP/ODP), Sub project: Numerical simulations of sediment drift evolution to reconstruct current conditions and sediment transport mechanisms under fundamentally different extreme polar climate situations adopting high-resolution records from ODP Leg 178, offshore the Antarctic Peninsula" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 05: Geowissenschaften, Fachgebiet Modellierung von Sedimentationsprozessen.To gain a detailed understanding of the temporal and spatial evolution of the Antarctic Peninsula drifts, extensive numerical process simulations are essential to reconstruct the geological as well as oceanographic framework over long-time periods during the Neogene. This project will be directly connected to the IODP initiative - extreme climates. Numerical models enable a wide spectrum of scenarios to be tested, specifically to evaluate (a) current conditions and (b) sediment input variations in space and time for sediment transport processes in particular to quantify the along-slope vs. down-slope component. Accordingly, simulations obtain detailed information about past oceanic circulation and environmental conditions to identify climate shifts. However, sediment physics as well as erosion and deposition criteria are only partially implemented in ocean circulation models. Thus, this project focuses on two major aspects: (I) improvement of the sediment transport module in ROMS (Regional Ocean Circulation Model) and (II) development of a high-resolution 3D forward model to investigate the evolution of Drift 7. We have selected the area of OOP Leg 178, because a dense grid of seismic profiles and numerous high-resolution cores document extreme climate episodes. These considerable sedimentological and geophysical data supply information about: (a) event horizons, (b) seismostratigraphic unit thicknesses, (c) grain-size distributions within seismostratigraphic units, and (d) physical properties of sediments at event horizons and will serve as an excellent model input.
Das Projekt "FP6-SUSTDEV, Integrated Observations from Near Shore Sources of Tsunamis: Towards an Early Warning System (NEAREST)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Stiftung Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung e.V. in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (AWI).NEAREST is addressed to the identification and characterisation of large potential tsunami sources located near shore in the Gulf of Cadiz; the improvement of near real-time detection of signals by a multiparameter seafloor observatory for the characterisation of potential tsunamigenic sources to be used in the development of an Early Warning System (EWS) Prototype; the improvement of integrated numerical models enabling more accurate scenarios of tsunami impact and the production of accurate inundation maps in selected areas of the Algarve (SW Portugal), highly hit by the 1755 tsunamis. In this area, highly populated and prone to devastating earthquakes and tsunamis, excellent geological/geophysical knowledge has already been acquired in the last decade. The methodological approach will be based on the cross-checking of multiparameter time series acquired on land by seismic and tide gauge stations, on the seafloor and in the water column by broad band Ocean Bottom Seismometers and a multiparameter deep-sea platform this latter equipped with real-time communication to an onshore warning centre. Land and sea data will be integrated to be used in a prototype of EWS. NEAREST will search for sedimentological evidences of tsunamis records to improve or knowledge on the recurrence time for extreme events and will try to measure the key parameters for the comprehension of the tsunami generation mechanisms. The proposed method can be extended to other near-shore potential tsunamigenic sources, as for instance the Central Mediterranean (Western Ionian Sea), Aegean Arc and Marmara Sea. Prime Contractor: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR; Roma; Italy.
Das Projekt "Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1158: Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; Bereich Infrastruktur - Antarktisforschung mit vergleichenden Untersuchungen in arktischen Eisgebieten, Physical properties, climate signals, and structural features of Tertiary sediments in the Southern McMurdo Sound (Antarctica) derived from downhole logging in the ANDRILL-SMS project" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Leibniz-Institut für Angewandte Geophysik.In the framework of the international ANtarctic DRILLing program (ANDRILL) the 1138 m deep core borehole SMS was drilled in the Southern McMurdo Sound (Ross Sea). The investigations of Antarctic Neogene ice sheet variations, of long-term climate evolutions and of the tectonic history of McMurdo Sound represent the main project aims. One part of the German participation in the ANDRILL project is the extensive geophysical logging of the SMS borehole. It delivers a main basis for answering a lot of questions in the scope of the whole project consisting of about 100 scientists. Interpreting the downhole logging data permits among other things to establish a complete lithological log, to characterize the drilled sediments petrophysically, to determine sedimentary structures and to get evidence about palaeoclimatic conditions during up to 19 Mio years. Seismic experiments in the borehole allow linking detailed geological information with shipborne seismic sections. This way, local results can be transformed into spatial information thus providing an important contribution to the understanding of the tectonic structure of the Ross Sea.
Das Projekt "FP6-SUSTDEV, Tsunami Risk ANd Strategies For the European Region (TRANSFER)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum.The project main goal is to contribute to our understanding of tsunami processes in the Euro-Mediterranean region, to the tsunami hazard and risk assessment and to identifying the best strategies for reduction of tsunami risk. Focus will be posed on the gaps and needs for the implementation of an efficient tsunami early warning system (TEWS) in the Euro- Mediterranean area, which is a high-priority task in consideration that no tsunami early warning system is today in place in the Euro-Mediterranean countries. The main items addressed by the project may be summarised as follows. The present Europe tsunami catalogue will be improved and updated, and integrated into a world-wide catalogue (WP1). A systematic attempt will be made to identify and to characterise the tsunamigenic seismic (WP2) and non-seismic (WP3) sources throughout the Euro-Mediterranean region. An analysis of the present-day earth observing and monitoring (seismic, geodetic and marine) systems and data processing methods will be carried out in order to identify possible adjustments required for the development of a TEWS, with focus on new algorithms suited for real-time detection of tsunami sources and tsunamis (WP4). The numerical models currently used for tsunami simulations will be improved mainly to better handle the generation process and the tsunami impact at the coast (WP5). The project Consortium has selected ten test areas in different countries. Here innovative probabilistic and statistical approaches for tsunami hazard assessment (WP6), up-to-date and new methods to compute inundation maps (WP7) will be applied. Here tsunami scenario approaches will be envisaged; vulnerability and risk will be assessed; prevention and mitigation measures will be defined also by the advise of end users that are organised in an End User Group (WP8). Dissemination of data, techniques and products will be a priority of the project (WP9). Prime Contractor: Alma Mater Studiorum-Universita di Bologna; Bologna, Italy.
Das Projekt "Integrated Geophysical Exploration Technologies for Deep Fractured Geothermal Systems (I-GET)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum.The share of renewable energy sources in the European energy balance can be increased by a meaningful contribution of geothermal energy. Since the mining cost (exploration and drilling) to access the resources represents over 60 percent of the total investment, a reduction in mining cost would increase the competitiveness of geothermal energy significantly. This goal can be achieved if we had a way to detect the presence of the fluids inside the natural and/or enhanced geothermal systems before any drilling operation. The project I-GET is aimed at developing an innovative geothermal exploration approach based on advanced geophysical methods. The objective is to improve the detection, prior to drilling, of fluid bearing zones in naturally and/or artificially fractured geothermal reservoirs. This new approach will be tested in four European geothermal systems with different geological and thermodynamic reservoir characteristics: two high enthalpy (metamorphic and volcanic rocks), one middle enthalpy geothermal system (deep sedimentary rocks), and one low enthalpy geothermal system (shallow sedimentary rocks). Petrophysical and geomechanical properties of the investigated rocks will be defined by laboratory measurements. With respect to the high enthalpy sites elastic and electric rock properties will be determined at the steam/liquid transition of the pore fillings. The validity of the laboratory and simulation results will be verified by new field experiments. Seismic and magnetotelluric data will be acquired in the test sites, and new acquisition and processing techniques will be developed to solve problems related to the particular target such as high temperatures, anisotropy, phase condition, etc.. The static and dynamic three-dimensional model of geothermal reservoirs will be reconstructed by means of all the data acquired. The input of the results of new geophysical prospecting into reservoir modelling is a crucial test of the quality of the new exploration method.
Das Projekt "Mikroseismizität and Akustische Emission in ultra-tiefer Goldmine in Südafrika (JAGUARS)" wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum.Beobachtungen sind notwendig um Bruchprozesse zu studieren. In der Erdkruste bieten uns Minen die einmalige Möglichkeit Erdbeben vor Ort nahe ihrer Quelle zu beobachten und so neue Rückschlüsse über ihre physikalischen Gesetze zu ziehen. Seit Mai 2007 misst das JAGUARS-Projekt, eine Kooperation des GFZs mit japanischen Universitäten, kontinuierlich die mikro-seismische Aktivität in 3,5 km Tiefe in der Mponeng-Goldmine in Südafrika. Das hochsensible Netzwerk ist dabei erstmalig in der Lage seismische Aktivität in einem Frequenzbereich von 50 bis 200 000 Hz wahrzunehmen und damit Mikrobeben mit Magnituden M=-5 bis 0.5. Die Messung von Mikrobeben ist besonders interessant weil diese mit Laborexperimenten und tektonischen Beben verglichen werden können. Hauptkomponenten des Netzwerkes sind 8 Sensoren für akustische Emission (AE-Sensoren), ein 3-Komponenten-Beschleunigungsaufnehmer und zwei Strainmeter. Von Mai 2007 bis März 2008 wurden nahezu 300 000 Mikrobeben registriert. Die Analyse dieser Beben wird insbesondere Aufschluss darüber geben, ob kleine durch Bergbau induzierte Beben den gleichen Gesetzmäßigkeiten folgen wie tektonische Beben oder Bruchexperimente im Labor und welche physikalischen Prozesse im Bebenherd ablaufen.
Das Projekt "TIPTEQ: from The Incoming Plate to mega-Thrust EarthQuake processes, TIPTEQ 1 - Sonderprogramm GEOTECHNOLOGIEN" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Universität Freiburg, Psychologisches Institut, Abteilung für Persönlichkeitspsychologie. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum.Convergent continental margins are the site of large earthquakes originating along the interface between the subducting and overriding plates. The site of the strongest historically recorded earthquake (Mw=9.5, 1960) is the study area of the ongoing TIPTEQ project (2004-2007) in Chile. Here, in southern central Chile the project investigates the controlling parameters of processes leading to earthquakes in the seismogenic coupling zones (add link to more detailed TIPTEQ pages). Along the plate margin the oceanic Nazca plate subducts below the South American continent. Thereby, material is accreted and folded, faults are generated, material is transported to large depths where it is possibly accreteded at the base of the upper plate. These structures and processes are the targets of geophysical imaging and - together with geological surface observations- form the basis for numerical and analog simulations of active margin deformation and the the processes leading to mega-thrust earthquakes. First pilot studies in 2001 (project SPOC) have shown that the target area is well suited for our investigations. Our contributions to TIPTEQ: Seismic and structural image of the plate interface, Co-seismic mass transfer and surface processes, Experimental and numerical analysis of deformation processes Simulation of surface deformation during subduction earthquakes.
Das Projekt "Energie- und Fluidtransport in kontinentalen Störzonen; Aktive seismische Überwachung von Änderungen des Reflexionsverhaltens der SE2 Scherzone" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Leibniz-Institut für Angewandte Geophysik.In einer Tiefe von rund 4000 m durchörtert die Bohrung KTB-VB eine als SE2 bezeichnete größere krustale Scherzone. Ein einjähriger, von 2004 bis 2005 erfolgter, massiver Fluid-Injektionstest bot eine einzigartige Gelegenheit, den Einfluss von Änderungen des Porendruckes und der Fluidbewegungen auf das Reflexionsverhalten seismischer Signale zu untersuchen. Das aktive reflexionsseismische Experiment nutzte die vom P-Wellen-Vibrator des GGA-Instituts erzeugten hoch reproduzierbaren seismischen Signale. Sie wurden mit einem für die Dauer des Experiments fest installierten 3-Komponenten-Geophonarray aufgezeichnet. Die Messungen wurden in Abhängigkeit vom Injektionszyklus mehrmals wiederholt, um erwartete Änderungen des Reflexionsverhaltens erkennen zu können. Die Ergebnisse liefern die Basis für weitergehende Schlussfolgerungen, wie z. B. für die Bewertung der Durchführbarkeit zeitlich wiederholter krustenseismischer Messungen an Land. Auch wird ein tieferes Verständnis der Physik seismogener Prozesse in Bezug auf die seismische Abbildung von spannungsbezogenen Änderungen der elastischen Eigenschaften in Scherzonen erwartet.
Das Projekt "FP6-SUSTDEV, Earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides in the Corinth rift, Greece A multidisciplinary approach for measuring, modelling, and predicting their triggering mode and their effects (3HAZ-CORINTH)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum.The project will contribute to better measure, model, and predict the processes leading to earthquakes, andslides, submarine slides, and tsunamis, and their effect in terms of hazard. The target area is the rift of Corinth,well known for its exceptional activity with respect to these hazards. This work will focus on the western end of the rift, close to the cities of Patras and Aigion, where the risk is highest. We will study the short term seismic hazard with methods involving seismology, geodesy, geophysics, and geochemistry. In addition to strong motion analysis and prediction, transient processes (seismic swarms, 'silent' earthquakes, fluid transients) will be studied, for a better modelling fault mechanics and earthquake preparation processes. In addition to the existing monitoring arrays and data base, specific new instrumentation will be built. Near-real time alarms systems for significant earthquakes will be developed and tested. For the long term seismic hazard, the seismic potential of active faults will be assessed on land and offshore. For submarine slope failures, places of past and future potential slumps will be mapped, and complemented by marine sediment coring and dating on selected places. Scenarios of slope failure and of coseismic displacement of the sea floor will be the inputs for tsunami modelling. The latter will be implemented using the existing high resolution bathymetry for modelling of the wave run up. Early warning alarms will be developed and tested. For landslides, the main objective is to monitor and model the perturbation of the sliding of a well documented active landslide, in response to ground shaking from local earthquakes. Continuous GPS, seismic and tilt monitoring, and repeated advanced geodesy, will quantify sliding rates and constrain first order models. The feasibility of alarm systems will be studied. Prime Contractor: Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sismogénèse, Department de Sismologie; Paris; France.
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