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Five sites across the Kiel Fjord in the Baltic Sea (GEOMAR Pier: 54.330383 N 10.150683 E, Kiel Canal Entry: 54.361167 N, 10.162533 E, Falckenstein: 54.390217 N, 10.194983 E, Laboe: 54.405633 N, 10.209750 E, and Strande: 54.428267 N, 10.209267 E) were monitored biweekly from June 2013 until October 2020 (with some discontinuities in winter). At each station water samples from 2 m depth were taken (2013-2015: 240 mL per filter; 2016-2020: 500 mL per filter). The water samples were filtered over filters with different sizes (2013: Cellulose Filters with 0.2, 3 and 12 µm and 50 mm diameter; 8µm Filter with 47 mm diameter; 2014: Cellulose Filters with 3µm and 8µm and 47 and 50 mm diameter, respectively; 2015: Cellulose Filters with 8 µm and 50 mm diameter; 2016-2020: Glas Fiber Filters). Filters were dried and seston dry weight was measured. For the years 2016-2020 the filters were burned afterwards and the POM ash free dry weight was measured.
Changes in silicon to nitrogen (Si:N) ratios are known to affect phytoplankton community composition, as silicon is an essential nutrient for diatoms but not for most other phytoplankton. Less is known if and how this ratio affects biochemical composition and stoichiometry of seston. This is of importance, as changes in seston chemistry can have implications on the quality of food available for zooplankton. We applied a range of Si:N ratios and two levels of copepod grazing on a natural Baltic sea plankton community pre-filtered with 125um mesh size filter. Si:N ratios were achieved by adding silicate (at target concentrations of 10, 16, 22, 28 and 34 μmol L−1) and nitrate solutions (at target nitrogen concentration of 40 µmol L-1) to the experimental units at the start of the experiment. Copepod grazing was manipulated by adding 30 individuals of adult Eurytemora affinis copepods per liter to high copepod treatments once phytoplankton bloom has established (day 6 of the experiment). The mesocosm experiment was carried out in summer 2016 and lasted 20 days. The response of particulate carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus was followed by sampling three times per week and fatty acid samples were taken at the end of the experiment. Our data reveals that increasing Si:N ratios result in an increase of particulate carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen and total fatty acid concentrations. Carbon to nitrogen (C:N) and carbon to phosphorus (C:P) ratios increased with increasing Si:N ratios as well as the concentrations of individual essential fatty acids such as DHA and EPA per seston carbon. Enhanced copepod grazing affected C:N, C:P and DHA and ALA concentrations negatively. Consequently, this data illustrates the importance of bottom up effects such as changes in Si:N ratio and top-down controls like copepod grazing in shaping particulate nutrient and fatty acid composition of marine seston.
Changes in silicon to nitrogen (Si:N) ratios are known to affect phytoplankton community composition, as silicon is an essential nutrient for diatoms but not for most other phytoplankton. Less is known if and how this ratio affects biochemical composition and stoichiometry of seston. This is of importance, as changes in seston chemistry can have implications on the quality of food available for zooplankton. We applied a range of Si:N ratios and two levels of copepod grazing on a natural Baltic sea plankton community pre-filtered with 125um mesh size filter. Si:N ratios were achieved by adding silicate (at target concentrations of 10, 16, 22, 28 and 34 μmol L−1) and nitrate solutions (at target nitrogen concentration of 40 µmol L-1) to the experimental units at the start of the experiment. Copepod grazing was manipulated by adding 30 individuals of adult Eurytemora affinis copepods per liter to high copepod treatments once phytoplankton bloom has established (day 6 of the experiment). The mesocosm experiment was carried out in summer 2016 and lasted 20 days. The response of particulate carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus was followed by sampling three times per week and fatty acid samples were taken at the end of the experiment. Our data reveals that increasing Si:N ratios result in an increase of particulate carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen and total fatty acid concentrations. Carbon to nitrogen (C:N) and carbon to phosphorus (C:P) ratios increased with increasing Si:N ratios as well as the concentrations of individual essential fatty acids such as DHA and EPA per seston carbon. Enhanced copepod grazing affected C:N, C:P and DHA and ALA concentrations negatively. Consequently, this data illustrates the importance of bottom up effects such as changes in Si:N ratio and top-down controls like copepod grazing in shaping particulate nutrient and fatty acid composition of marine seston.
Simultaneous triple stable isotope analysis of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur was employed to study the temporal variation in the food web of a subtidal eelgrass (Zostera marina) bed in the western Baltic Sea. Samples of three potential food sources: eelgrass, epiphytes and seston, as well as consumer species were collected biweekly from March through September 2011. Temporal variation of stable isotope signatures was observed in primary producers and consumer species. However, variation within a species, particularly omnivores, often exceeded variation over time. The high degree of omnivory among the generalist feeders in this eelgrass community allows for generalist feeders to flexibly switch food sources, thus enhancing food web stability. As coastal systems are subject to seasonal changes, as well as alterations related to human disturbance and climate, these food webs may retain a certain resilience due to their plentiful omnivores.
Peildaten mit Einstrahlecholot von FB SESTON aufgenommen. Beschickung auf NHN
In den Jahren 1973 bis 1978 erfolgten umfangreiche mikrobiologische-ökologische Untersuchungen in der Elbe und in einigen kleineren Flüssen Schleswig-Holsteins sowie im Nordostseekanal. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden verschiedene bateriologische und eine Reihe von hydrographisch-chemischen Parametern bestimmt. Die Daten geben Auskunft über den bakteriologischen Zustand der Gewässer in Abhängigkeit von Schwankungen der wichtigsten hydrographischen Faktoren insbsosondere der Temperatur und Wasserführung. Weiter ermöglichen sie Aussagen über die Abwasserbelastung der untersuchten Flüsse.
This data volume presents a series of planktological observations carried out over a 19-year-period in Kiel Bight in the Western Baltic Sea. Three fixed stations were visited at monthly intervals, and the planktion standing stock was investigated in relation to depth and environmental factors, employing a standard observation programme. This consisted in the measurements of temperature, salinity, density, oxygen, phosphorus, seston, protein and chlorophyll a. Additional measurements comprised in the caloric content of seston, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, as well as dry weight and organic matter of plankton, sampled by vertical hauls of three plankton nets of different mesh size.
Particulate carbon and nitrogen content of surface water seston at Sylt Roads time series stations was analyzed from 1973 to 1997. Depending on the seston density 20 to 150 ml of sea water were filtered on a 2.5 cm Whatman GF/C filter using a genuine made conical strainer concentrating the seston material on a small filter area (6 mm diameter). To avoid bursting of cells and subsequent loss of material it was necessary to ensure that the filter did not run dry during this procedure. Filters were dried for 24 h at 60°C and stored in a desiccator over silica gel. For analysis the seston filled filter area was cut out, folded and transferred into a zinc cartridge which was finally thoroughly closed. For calibration purposes seven stepped amounts (0.05 – 0.3 mg) of the calibration substance (Cyclohexanone-2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone; C12H14O4N6) were weighed in into similar cartridges. Zinc cartridges containing 6mm diameter CF/C filter parts preflushed with 0.2 micron filtered sea water were used as blanks. A CarloErba NA-1500 Elemental Analyzer was used to determine carbon and nitrogen compounds of the samples. Within this instrument the sample is completely and instantaneously oxidised by flash combustion, which converts all organic and inorganic substances into combustion products. The combustion gases are swept into the chromatographic column by the carrier gas helium. Here the gases are separated and detected by the thermal conductivity detector giving an output signal proportional to the concentration of the mixture.
In der Zeit von Anfang Juni bis Mitte November 1988 wurde in 2-wöchigem Rhythmus der Küstennahbereich zwischen Ems und Elbe beprobt. Beobachtet wurden dabei die Abundanzen verschiedener Plankton-Organismen, insbesondere der Flagellaten-Gattungen Phaeocystis, Dinophysis und Chrysochromulina sowie die physikalisch-chemischen Parameter Wassertemperatur, Salzgehalt, Chlorophyll, Seston und Nährsalze. From June till November 1988 a plankton investigation was carried out along the coast of Lower Saxony (German Bright). Every two weeks samples were taken at 10 positions between the Ems and the Elbe. The occurrence of bloom forming and toxic plankton organisms, especially Phaeocystis, Chrysochromulina and Dinophysis was examined. Furthermore water temperature, salinity, seston, chlorophyll and nutrients ere measured.
Ziele: Indonesien hat die weltweit artenreichsten Korallenriffe und Seegraswiesen. Durch die hohe Bevölkerungsdichte entlang der Küsten, die traditionell enge Verflechtung der Bevölkerung dieses 17.000 Inseln umfassenden Landes mit dem Meer und der damit einhergehende starke Nutzung der Meeresressourcen sind Seegraswiesen und Korallenriffe starken Veränderungen ausgesetzt. Im Rahmen des Verbundprojektes an dem deutsche und indonesische Wissenschaftler zusammenarbeiten soll die Funktion von tropischen riffgebundenen Küstenökosystemen an Hand eines Modellgebietes charakterisiert und der Stoff- und Organismenaustausch zwischen Korallenriff und Seegraswiese quantifiziert werden. Durch gezielte Feld-Experimente werden künstliche Störungen erzeugt, die den anthropogenen und natürlichen Stressoren im Gebiet entsprechen. Anhand dieser Experimente soll erfasst werden, wie das Ökosystem als Ganzes auf eine spezifische Störung reagiert und wie sich dadurch der Austausch von gelösten und partikulären Stoffen sowie von Organismen zwischen Korallenriff und benachbarten Seegraswiesen verändert.
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