Pflanzenmanagement- und Agrarsysteme erlangen international eine steigende Bedeutung. In der vorliegenden Studie werden Pappeln und Weiden mit einheimischen Pflanzenspezies kombiniert, um Agrarsysteme weiter zu verbessern. Zwei in landwirtschaftlichen Systemen relevante Schadstoffe (Cadmium und Stickstoff) wurden ausgewählt, um die Pflanzen bezüglich Phytoremediation und Effizienz von Schadstoffanreicherung in Pflanzenteilen zu untersuchen. Pflanzen-Mikroben-Interaktionen spielen eine Hauptrolle in Agrarsystemen, weshalb mikrobielle Veränderungen in der Rhizosphäre durch Schadstoffeintrag in Böden einen wichtigen Schwerpunkt darstellen. Um solche Veränderungen in einer pflanzenspezifischen, mikrobiellen Gemeinschaft zu detektieren werden Phospholipidfettsäuren (PLFA) im Boden bestimmt, da diese in allen lebenden Zellen vorkommen und nach Zelltod rasch abgebaut werden. Die erzielten Ergebnisse werden mit DNA-basierten Methoden zur Bestimmung mikrobieller Gemeinschaften verglichen. Weiterhin soll die Analytik von Terpenen, Flavonoiden und Fettsäuren im Pflanzenmaterial Auskunft über pysiologische Veränderungen von Pflanzen geben, welche durch die verschiedenen Schadstoffe ausgelöst werden. Ein 13CO2 Puls, welcher vor der Ernte appliziert wird, ermöglicht eine genaue Untersuchung, wie Pflanzenstoffwechsel und Kohlenstofftranslokation in die Rhizosphäre durch Schadstoffe verändert werden. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Stabilisotopenanalytik von PLFA und DNA verglichen, sowie weitere 13C-Analysen des Pflanzenmaterials durchgeführt. Um den Schwerpunkt von Pflanzenmanagement Systemen zu vertiefen werden weitere Analysen von Pflanzenteilen (Wurzeln, Stamm, Blätter, Früchte, Samen) bezüglich Cadmium und Stickstoff durchgeführt. Massiv kontaminiertes Pflanzenmaterial kann für die Biogasproduktion verbrannt und anschließend zum Recycling kompostiert werden. Pflanzenteile mit hohem Stickstoffgehalt und fehlender Akkumulation von Cadmium kann als Tierfutter in Wintermonaten verwendet werden; eine Verwendung für kommerzielle Produkte ist ebenfalls denkbar und soll im Rahmen des Forschungsantrags untersucht werden.
One of the reproductive barriers that can isolate species is embryo lethality which is due to disfunctional interaction between parental genomes. Embryo lethality obtained in crosses of hexaploid wheat with diploid rye is the result of complement interaction between the two genes/alleles Eml-A1 and Eml-R1b from wheat and rye, respectively. In addition, the 1D wheat chromosome carries unknown genetic factor(s) which have strong effect on the viability of wheat-rye hybrid seeds. The goals of the project are: (I) physical mapping and studying dosage effect of Eml-A1 gene (II) development of a method for overcoming embryo lethality in wheat-rye hybrids and (III) physical mapping and cytological study of chromosome 1D wheat gene(s) essential for seed development in wheat rye hybrids. The development of a method of regeneration in callus culture from abnormal immature embryos with lethal genotype by indirect organogenesis will enable us to study the interaction and expression of incompatible wheat Eml-A1 and rye Eml-R1b alleles causing embryo lethality. New information about genes, involved in apical meristem development in early stages of embryogenesis of wheat-rye hybrids (and of other plants) will be gained.
Die Raumluft ist haeufig mit toxischen Stoffen (besonders chlorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe wie PCP, Lindan sowie mit Formaldehyd) angereichert. Die ueblichen Analysen sind kompliziert, kostspielig und nicht lebensbezogen. Mit Pflanzen, Samen und pflanzlichem Plasma koennte der Nachweis verbessert werden, so dass ihn auch der Laie anwenden kann (was wegen der ubiquitaeren Verbreitung der Schadstoffe noetig waere).
Scientists from the Palestinian authority, Israel and Germany, all involved in different aspects of analytical research, have joined in order to conduct an environmental study, which aims to understand the fate of selected contaminants in a model ecosystem. For this purpose, two typical terrestrial sites in the Middle East, one in the Palestinian authority and the other in Israel, have been selected, comprising a partially polluted area and a natural reserve as a reference. In these areas, the fate (chemical and physical transformations) of typical pollutants such as heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe), metalloids (As, Sn, Sb), organic dyes and air contaminants (O3, NOx, SO2) will be studied. This will also involve the determination of all the environmental conditions for the chemical transformation, which should shed some light on the dynamics of the ecosystems. At the same time novel inexpensive sensors and analytical procedures will be developed, which are necessary for the analysis of contaminants in this area. The goals will be accomplished by combined efforts of all partners.
Es gibt in der suedlichen Kalahari eine Reihe von Wildpflanzen, die von Einheimischen zur Ernaehrung von Tier und Mensch genutzt werden. Ueber den gezielten und kontrollierten Anbau und die damit moegliche Ertragssteigerung durch flankierende Massnahmen ist bisher nichts bekannt. Auf der Farm Avontuur 120 km nordoestlich von Kuruman soll der Anbau von Tylosema esculentum und Vigna lobatifolia erprobt werden. In den letzten Jahren hat der Farmer eine spezielle Technik zur Speicherung von Bodenwasser entwickelt, dessen Eignung fuer den Anbau dieser Pflanzen geprueft werden soll. Tylosema esculentum ist eine ausdauernde Leguminose, deren Samen genutzt werden. Vigna lobatifolia ist eine einjaehrige Leguminose, deren Wurzelknollen gemessen werden.
Biodiversity conservation cannot rely on protected areas alone, as sustainable conservation requires strategies for managing whole landscapes including agricultural areas. Organic farming in Germany may contribute strongly to the protection of biodiversity and to sustainability of agriculture through enhancing ecosystem services. However, the effectiveness of this agri-environmental management is highly dependent on landscape structure. The main objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of organic cereal management in small vs. large scale agriculture through measure of the diversity of plants and arthropods and associated ecosystem services, such as seed predation, insect predation, aphid parasitism and pollination. Pairs of organic and conventional winter wheat fields will be selected in small vs. large scale agricultural landscapes along the former inner German border, i.e. in West vs. East Germany. This study design enables a unique experiment, where it would be possible to disentangle the effects of landscape composition and configuration heterogeneities in the same study region and to study how these affect the effectiveness of organic management. The detailed analyses of the expected valuable data could provide significant results (published in high ranked, international scientific journals), and contribute to the development of the existing
Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) is a plant pathogen of economic and ecologic importance. It is globally distributed in a wide range of forest, fruit, and ornamental trees and shrubs. In several areas of cherry and walnut production CLRV causes severe losses in yield and quality. With current reference to the rapid dissemination and strong symptom expression in Finnish birches and the Germany-wide distribution of CLRV in birches and elderberry, we continuously investigate and gradually reveal CLRV transmission pathways as by pollen, seeds or water. However, modes and interactions responsible for the wide intergeneric host transmission as well as for the exceptional CLRV epidemic in Fennoscandia still remain unknown. In this project systematic studies shall investigate biological vectors as a causal agent to finally derive control mechanisms and strategies to avoid new epidemics in different hosts and geographic regions. Detailed monitoring of the invertebrate fauna of birch stands/forests and elderberry plantations in Germany and Finland shall reveal potential vectors to subsequently study them in detail by approved virus detection methods and transmission experiments. Molecular analyses of the CLRV coat protein shall prove its role as a viral determinant for a virus/vector interaction. Consequently, this project essentially will contribute important answers on the CLRV epidemiology, and this will be a key element within the first network of research on plant viral pathogens in forest trees.
Over the next thirty years it is predicted that more than 1000 species of mammals, a quarter of the world's total, and a similar proportion of birds, amphibians and marine animals (both invertebrates and vertebrates) will go extinct. Thousands of invertebrate species have already disappeared after the destruction of their habitats. The Frozen Ark Project is a strategy to conserve the genetic resources of the world's endangered species. It is the animal equivalent of the the 'Millennium Seed Bank' created by Kew Gardens to conserve the seeds of the world's plants. The Ark's consortium is a network of research and conservation bodies, including zoos, aquaria, natural history museums and research laboratories around the world. The charity's office and laboratory is based within the University of Nottingham.
Objectives: 1. To test if the concept of novel and hybrid ecosystems forwarded by R. Hobbs and colleagues applies to degraded subtropical grasslands, i.e. if these ecosystems group along axes of deviation in abiotic conditions and biotic composition from reference ecosystems. 2. To investigate the extent to which ecosystem functions in the hybrid and novel ecosystems differ from reference grasslands, and whether these differences are related to deviation from the biodiversity of reference systems. 3. To manipulate degraded grasslands through selected restoration methods to identify transition thresholds and to test if restorability of abiotic conditions and biotic composition corresponds to restorability of ecosystem functions. A large-scale rapid ecosystem assessment will form the analytical basis of the study, followed up by field experiments on seed limitation (i.e. lack of seed bank or dispersal) and site limitation (i.e. lack of safe sites for germination and inadequate conditions for plant establishment). The experiments will be conducted in a factorial design testing for transition thresholds between degradation stages.
Ziel: Wiederansiedlung verschollener Ackerbegleitflora. Hypothese: Naehrstoffauslagerung und verringerte Saatdichte der Kulturpflanzen ist die Voraussetzung fuer die Existenz vieler Ackerbegleitkraeuter. Initialeinsaat vorher vermehrter Ackerbegleitflora soll sich unter oben angegebenen Voraussetzungen ueber Samenbildung erhalten. Arbeitshypothese nur teilweise bestaetigt, da zu viel Samen mit Maehdruschernte als Potential verloren gehen.
| Organisation | Count |
|---|---|
| Bund | 512 |
| Europa | 5 |
| Land | 34 |
| Wirtschaft | 2 |
| Wissenschaft | 351 |
| Zivilgesellschaft | 12 |
| Type | Count |
|---|---|
| Förderprogramm | 509 |
| unbekannt | 174 |
| License | Count |
|---|---|
| Offen | 680 |
| Unbekannt | 3 |
| Language | Count |
|---|---|
| Deutsch | 592 |
| Englisch | 162 |
| Resource type | Count |
|---|---|
| Archiv | 3 |
| Datei | 1 |
| Dokument | 10 |
| Keine | 548 |
| Webseite | 130 |
| Topic | Count |
|---|---|
| Boden | 434 |
| Lebewesen und Lebensräume | 672 |
| Luft | 217 |
| Mensch und Umwelt | 681 |
| Wasser | 205 |
| Weitere | 683 |