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Seasonal (years 2020-2021) dynamics in pore water composition under impact of submarine groundwater discharge in front of a coastal peatland, southern Baltic Sea

The data set contains the results for the porewater composition of samples, collected from different (up to 11) depths (down to 4.5 mbsf) at two sites in front of the Hütelmoor, southern Baltic Sea. Porewater was under impact by submarine groundwater discharge and collected during 6 field campaigns in years 2020 and 2021 using permanent multi-port samplers. Stable isotope signatures (H, C, O, S), major, and trace element data are presented to characterize the mixture between the endmembers freshwater and the brackish surface water component, superimposed by benthic diagenesis.

Geochemistry of surface water of Wismar Bay (Germany), southern Baltic Sea

This investigation was carried out in order to evaluate diagenetic element fluxes and different fresh water sources, including submarine groundwater discharge, on the water column of the Wismar Bay (Germany), southern Baltic Sea. Surface and bottom water samples were collected on board of the RV Littorina (L19-06) and a rubber boat by using a submersible pump in May 2019. The water was pumped through a filter cartridge (1 µM pore size) into barrels. Water samples from the barrels were pumped through manganese-coated acrylic fibers to extract radium (Ra) isotopes (223Ra, 224Ra). The Ra isotopes were measured within 3 and 10 days using radium-delayed coincidence counters (RaDeCC). Subsamples were taken via syringe and filtered (0.45 µM, cellulose acetate disposable filters) for analysis of dissolved concentrations of major and trace elements and selected nutrients using ICP-OES (iCAP, 7400, Duo Thermo Fischer Scientific), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and δ13CDIC using isotope gas mass spectrometry (MAT 253 coupled to a Gasbench II), and δ18OH2O, δ2HH2O using a CRDS system (laser cavity-ring-down-spectroscopy, PICARRO L2140- I).

Geochemistry of sediments from Wismar Bay (Germany), southern Baltic Sea

Short sediment cores were taken at six stations in Wismar Bay, southern Baltic Sea (Germany) in May 2019 using a Rumohr-Lot device. Our aim in this study was to investigate the role of diagenetic element fluxes and different fresh water sources, including submarine groundwater discharge, on the water column in the bay. Porewaters were extracted from the sediment cores by applying the rhizon technique at a resolution between 2 and 5 cm. The porewaters were analyzed for major and trace metals and selected nutrients using a ICP-OES (iCAP, 7400, Duo Thermo Fischer Scientific), total sulphide by a Specord 40 spectrophotometer (Analytik Jena), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and δ13CDIC using an isotope gas mass spectrometre (MAT 253) coupled to a Gasbench II, and δ18OH2O, and δ2HH2O using a CRDS system (laser cavity-ring-down-spectroscopy, Picarro L2140- I). Sediment cores were further sliced at 2 to 4 cm resolution and each freeze-dried solid subsample was analyzed for contents of total carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur using an Elemental Analyzer (Euro Vector EuroEA 3, 052), inorganic carbon using an Elemental Analyzer multi EA (Analytik Jena), total mercury by a DMA-80 analyzer, and HCl-extractable Pb, Mn and Fe using an ICP-OES (iCAP, 7400, Duo Thermo Fischer Scientific).

Geochemistry of pore water from Wismar Bay (Germany), southern Baltic Sea

Short sediment cores were taken at six stations in Wismar Bay, southern Baltic Sea (Germany) in May 2019 using a Rumohr-Lot device. Our aim in this study was to investigate the role of diagenetic element fluxes and different fresh water sources, including submarine groundwater discharge, on the water column in the bay. Porewaters were extracted from the sediment cores by applying the rhizon technique at a resolution between 2 and 5 cm. The porewaters were analyzed for major and trace metals and selected nutrients using a ICP-OES (iCAP, 7400, Duo Thermo Fischer Scientific), total sulphide by a Specord 40 spectrophotometer (Analytik Jena), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and δ13CDIC using an isotope gas mass spectrometre (MAT 253) coupled to a Gasbench II, and δ18OH2O, and δ2HH2O using a CRDS system (laser cavity-ring-down-spectroscopy, Picarro L2140- I). Sediment cores were further sliced at 2 to 4 cm resolution and each freeze-dried solid subsample was analyzed for contents of total carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur using an Elemental Analyzer (Euro Vector EuroEA 3, 052), inorganic carbon using an Elemental Analyzer multi EA (Analytik Jena), total mercury by a DMA-80 analyzer, and HCl-extractable Pb, Mn and Fe using an ICP-OES (iCAP, 7400, Duo Thermo Fischer Scientific).

Geochemistry of pore water and sediments from Wismar Bay (Germany), southern Baltic Sea

Short sediment cores were taken at six stations in Wismar Bay, southern Baltic Sea (Germany) in May 2019 using a Rumohr-Lot device. Our aim in this study was to investigate the role of diagenetic element fluxes and different fresh water sources, including submarine groundwater discharge, on the water column in the bay. Porewaters were extracted from the sediment cores by applying the rhizon technique at a resolution between 2 and 5 cm. The porewaters were analyzed for major and trace metals and selected nutrients using a ICP-OES (iCAP, 7400, Duo Thermo Fischer Scientific), total sulphide by a Specord 40 spectrophotometer (Analytik Jena), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and δ13CDIC using an isotope gas mass spectrometre (MAT 253) coupled to a Gasbench II, and δ18OH2O, and δ2HH2O using a CRDS system (laser cavity-ring-down-spectroscopy, Picarro L2140- I). Sediment cores were further sliced at 2 to 4 cm resolution and each freeze-dried solid subsample was analyzed for contents of total carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur using an Elemental Analyzer (Euro Vector EuroEA 3, 052), inorganic carbon using an Elemental Analyzer multi EA (Analytik Jena), total mercury by a DMA-80 analyzer, and HCl-extractable Pb, Mn and Fe using an ICP-OES (iCAP, 7400, Duo Thermo Fischer Scientific).

(Table S-3) Compiled short-lived Ra data of the southern North Sea acquired during the last decades

(Table S-4) Short-lived Ra activity of porewater samples at beach locations on the island of Spiekeroog

Sources and Sinks of short-lived radium isotopes in the southern North Sea: Implications for the system functioning and budget estimates

Continued population growth increases the demand for space and resources, which in turn enhances anthropogenic pressure on coastal seas. Biotic and abiotic ecosystem understanding in a wider context is essential for effective management of stakeholder interests. This study is a synthesis of recent findings based on short-lived radium isotopes in the shelf ocean North Sea and uses the isotopes to quantify relevant sources and sinks in biogeochemical cycles in the coastal sea in order to enhance system understanding. We improve upon the previously designed box model for the southern North Sea by Burt et al. [2014], using a denser data coverage for nearshore areas. Specifically, the updated model considers decay-supported desorbable Ra from suspended particles and input from submarine groundwater discharge. The model quantified a total of five source terms for Ra: the Wadden Sea, rivers, desorption from suspended particles in the water column, submarine groundwater discharge from beach systems, and porewater exchange at North Sea bottom sediments; whereas considered losses are radioactive decay and mixing with the open North Sea. The mass balance reveals that porewater exchange, e.g., ripple flow, significantly dominates the total short-lived Ra isotope discharge to the southern North Sea. An eddy diffusion based Ra approach was not successful to quantify submarine groundwater discharge from beach systems, due to other major inputs of Ra isotopes from the adjacent Wadden Sea and river discharge, superimposing the minor submarine groundwater discharge from beaches.

(Table S-1) Short-lived Ra activity at the tidal inlet Otzumer Ballje (OB) over three tidal cycles

Pilotstudie zur Untersuchung untermeerischer Grundwasseraustritte in die False Bay, Western Cape Province, Südafrika

Der untermeerische Austritt von Grundwasser (Submarine Groundwater Discharge, SGD) ist ein in Küstenregionen allgegenwärtiger Prozess. SGD stellt, nach dem Flusswassereintrag, die zweitwichtigste Form des Verlustes von potentiell als Trinkwasser nutzbarem Süßwasser an die Ozeane dar. Entsprechend ist die Lokalisierung und Quantifizierung von SGD besonders in küstennahen ariden und semiariden Klimabereichen für Gewährleistung der Trinkwasserversorgung von immenser Bedeutung. Darüber hinaus kann SGD aber auch zur Gefährdung mariner Ökosysteme führen. Das ist der Fall, wenn eine anthropogene Kontamination küstennaher Aquifere, z.B. durch Nährstoffe vorliegt. Die -False Bay- stellt aufgrund ihrer Form sowie der lokalen geologischen Situation einen idealen Standort für eine SGD-Fallstudie dar, deren Ergebnisse auf andere Küstenbereiche des südlichen Afrika übertragbar sind. Die geplante Studie widmet sich beiden Aspekten: dem SGD-bedingten Verlust an als Trinkwasser nutzbarem Grundwasser, ins besondere mit Hinblick auf die rasant wachsende Metropole Kapstadt, sowie der SGD-bedingten Schadstoffverfrachtung in die Bucht und der daraus resultierenden Gefährdung angeschlossener Ökos

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