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Nature-based solutions for climate and biodiversity protection in selected national climate contributions

This report aims to inform the implementation of the German Action Plan with experiences from other countries that have also developed NbS measures to strengthen their natural carbon sinks. Six case study countries were selected for analysis: United Kingdom (UK), United States of America (USA), Ethiopia, Indonesia, Brazil and China. These countries were chosen because their NDCs mention NbS explicitly or NbS-related measures, such as forest enhancement or peatland rewetting. Furthermore, the case study countries represent diverse income levels and geographical regions. The report examines and summarises the success factors and challenges in implementing NbS in these countries, with conclusions drawn for the implementation of the German ANK.

Detailed Annexes to the “UNECE Guidance document on national nitrogen budgets"

Anthropogenic activities to a great extent influence and alter the natural nitrogen cycle. The existing guidance document offers detailed description to inventory human influenced nitrogen fluxes on a national level. In eight chapters, the eight technical annexes are described to implement a national nitrogen budget. A National nitrogen budget serves as a tool of the Geneva Convention on long-range transboundary air pollution to quantify and illustrate the effects of nitrogen pollution and to evaluate considered reduction options.

Umweltbewusstseinsstudie 2024

Der wissenschaftliche Bericht zur Umweltbewusstseinsstudie 2024 umfasst vertiefende Analysen der Hauptbefragung, welche im Herbst 2024 mit rund 2.500 Personen durchgeführt wurde. Zudem werden Segmentierungsanalysen zur Einteilung der Stichprobe in soziale Milieus sowie Umwelttypen vorgestellt und es wird auf die Ergebnisse ergänzender qualitativer und quantitativer Erhebungen eingegangen, unter anderem zum Thema Klimaanpassung.Die Analysen zum Schwerpunktthema „Umwelt, Gesundheit und Lebensqualität“ zeigen Unterschiede in Abhängigkeit vom Geschlecht und anderer sozialer Merkmale der Befragten auf. So berichteten weibliche Personen sowie Menschen mit niedrigem Einkommen und niedriger formaler Bildung häufiger, dass sie sich beispielsweise von Hitzeperioden stärker belastet fühlen.Als zentrale Ergebnistrends werden das sinkende Umweltbewusstsein in der Bevölkerung sowie die soziale Gerechtigkeit beim Umwelt- und Klimaschutz diskutiert. Abschließend werden Empfehlungen für die Umweltpolitik und -kommunikation sowie für zukünftige Forschung abgeleitet.

Antizipatorische Governance im Umweltressort

Mit diesem Konzeptpapier legt das Umweltbundesamt eine fundierte Grundlage für eine vorausschauende Umweltpolitik vor. Es zeigt, wie strategische Vorausschau – etwa durch frühzeitige Risikoerkennung oder das Aufzeigen alternativer Zukünfte – dazu beitragen kann, politische Entscheidungen proaktiver, zukunftsrobuster und langfristig tragfähig zu gestalten. Die Publikation ordnet das Konzept der antizipatorischen Governance wissenschaftlich ein, erläutert zentrale Prinzipien wie Vorsorge und Nachhaltigkeit und beschreibt, wie das Umweltressort seine Handlungsfähigkeit angesichts komplexer Zukunftsherausforderungen stärken kann.

Comparison of environmental reporting requirements from the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) with selected environmental laws

This paper investigates synergies and challenges for companies to use information collected to meet their environmental regulatory obligations for the purposes of reporting under the new European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). It presents the results of two cases studies from the German manufacturing industry. The case studies find that processes in place and data collected because of existing legal requirements can in part be leveraged for sustainability reporting. Environmental management systems and former sustainability reports also facilitate data collection for ESRS reporting. However, the extent to which information can be used is topic-dependent. In the case studies gaps remain, for example, regarding biodiversity and microplastics and value chain information.

Methodological Convention 3.2 for the Assessment of Environmental Costs

The new version of the UBA Handbook on Environmental Value Factors – the „Methodological Convention 3.2” – contains a partial update of the monetized environmental impacts published in the “Methodological Convention 3.1”, based on new value factors for greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions. A comprehensive update of all value factors – including components such as emission factors and utilization rates – will be published in the Handbook on Environmental Value Factors 4.0, scheduled for 2025.Environmental value factors reflect the benefit of environmental protection for society – and the costs that society incurs if environmental protection is neglected. The value factors can be used in the public sector to assess, e.g., the impacts of regulation and infrastructure investments, and for the design of economic instruments. In the corporate sector, the value factors can be used, i.a., to inform management decisions, monetize the environmental impacts of financial investments, and in sustainability reporting.

The EU Carbon Removal Certification Framework: Options for using certified removal units and funding mitigation activities

With the Carbon Removal Certification Framework (CRCF), adopted in 2024, the EU established a voluntary framework for carbon removal certification, which includes criteria for the certification of removals, rules for the certification process and the recognition of certification schemes. This report discusses the options for how certified removal units may be used and what policy options are available to complement funding for removals besides revenues generated through the CRCF.

Components for the Transformation into a Sustainable Food System

The publication summarizes three strategies for transforming the food system that have been outlined in the “STErn project”, namely the promotion of a more plant-based diet, the further development of the organic farming and food industry and the strengthening of regional value chains. Measures to implement these strategies are bundled into three overarching approaches and presented graphically in the form of profiles. An interactive graphic provides an overview of all 39 proposed measures at a glance.

Kommunale Klimaanpassung

Der vorliegende wissenschaftliche Bericht stellt eine Synthese aus unterschiedlichen Literatursträngen dar. Dabei wurde sowohl die aktuelle Forschungsliteratur und die angewandte Praxisliteratur zu Themen der Bestandsaufnahme und Einflussfaktoren kommunaler Klimaanpassung als auch zu den Themen Transformation, transformativer Wandel und Change Management berücksichtigt und aufeinander bezogen. Dabei lag ein Schwerpunkt auf Hebelpunkten und Hebeln, die genutzt werden können, um die kommunale Klimaresilienz zu stärken. Festzuhalten ist, dass die Forschung in Bezug auf die Stärkung der Klimaresilienz insbesondere kleiner und mittlerer Kommunen durch geeignete Hebel im Sinne der Transformationsforschung noch ganz am Anfang steht.

Identifying and supporting vulnerable households in light of rising fossil energy costs

Rising energy prices, poor energy performance of buildings and low incomes can leave households unable to meet their energy needs, adequately heat their homes or pay their energy bills. These households are referred to as energy poor or vulnerable households. However, a standardised definition and robust indicators of energy poverty are currently lacking in Germany. This study therefore addresses the concepts of energy poverty and vulnerability, presents definitions and indicators, and looks at policies and measures to support affected groups. The study emphasises that energy poverty should not be seen as part of general poverty, but as a distinct structural problem. Due to budget constraints or lack of decision-making power, affected households are unable to respond adequately to an increase in fossil fuel prices, for example as a result of CO2 pricing, by investing in energy-efficient refurbishment or renewable heat.To prevent a worsening of social inequalities as a result of the European carbon pricing scheme for buildings and transport (ETS2), the Social Climate Fund will be established at EU level to complement the ETS2. The National Social Climate Plans, due in mid-2025, require EU member states to define energy poverty and vulnerability, develop indicators to identify these groups, and design policies and measures to help these groups transition to climate-friendly technologies.Using a range of indicators, the study concludes that around 3 million households in Germany are vulnerable to rising fossil fuel prices. This represents around 10% of the 30 million households that use fossil fuels for heating. More than 80% of these vulnerable households live in multi-family dwellings and almost all of them are tenants.The study examines different instruments to support vulnerable households and also looks at good practice examples from other countries. Socially differentiated financing of efficiency and decarbonisation measures, similar to the French MaPrimeRénov' programme, could also help those households to invest that have so far hardly benefited from state funding programmes in Germany.

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