Web Map Service (WMS) zum Thema Einrichtungen der Drogen- und Suchthilfe in und um Hamburg. Zur genaueren Beschreibung der Daten und Datenverantwortung nutzen Sie bitte den Verweis zur Datensatzbeschreibung.
Web Feature Service (WFS) zum Thema Einrichtungen der Drogen- und Suchthilfe in und um Hamburg. Zur genaueren Beschreibung der Daten und Datenverantwortung nutzen Sie bitte den Verweis zur Datensatzbeschreibung.
Einrichtungen der Drogen- und Suchthilfe
Sustainable development is hardly imaginable without a consistent circular economy. However, turning away from a predominantly linear economy requires many political, economic and social decisions. The German Environment Agency has now developed principles for politics, business and society, which systematically outline the objectives, scope, maxims for action, requirements and success factors of a circular economy. The nine principles are intended to help develop a common understanding of the circular economy and create a strategic orientation framework for its implementation. Quelle: Umweltbundesamt
Dieses Forschungsvorhaben gibt einen Überblick über die in Deutschland betriebenen Anlagen zur Verchromung von Metallen und Kunststoffen sowie zum Beizen von Kunststoffen. Verfahren, in denen früher Perfluoroctansulfonsäure (PFOS) eingesetzt wurde, werden beschrieben. Für die verschiedenen Anlagenarten: funktionelles Verchromen (Hartverchromen), dekoratives Verchromen (Glanzverchromen) und Kunststoffbeize wurden die Art und Menge der eingesetzten fluorfreien und fluorhaltigen Netzmittel ermittelt. Gemäß den erhobenen Daten fand beim funktionellen Verchromen und in der Kunststoffbeize eine flächendeckende Substitution von PFOS durch 6:2 Fluortelomersulfonsäure (6:2 FTS) statt. Beim dekorativen Verchromen wurde PFOS vollständig durch fluorfreie Netzmittel, 6:2 FTS oder durch den Einsatz Chrom(III)-basierter Verfahren, die keine fluorhaltigen Netzmittel erfordern, ersetzt. Anhand der erhobenen Branchendaten wird der bundesweite Netzmittelverbrauch abgeschätzt. Die Hochrechnung für den 6:2 FTS- Verbrauch in der Galvanikbranche ergibt für das Jahr 2017 ca. 12 Tonnen. 6:2 FTS sowie die alternativ eingesetzten fluorfreien Netzmittel werden durch Steckbriefe charakterisiert. Nach aktuellem Kenntnisstand ist 6:2 FTS toxisch, bioakkumulativ nur in Invertebrata und bildet persistente Abbauprodukte. Der Abbau und das Verhalten von 6:2 FTS in der Umwelt wird dargestellt. Am Beispiel von zwei Betrieben, in denen PFOS (Altanlage) bzw. 6:2 FTS zum Einsatz kamen bzw. kommen, wurde der Pfad der eingesetzten Netzmittel vom Einsatzort bis hin zur Einleitungsstelle in die öffentliche Kanalisation bzw. das Gewässer verfolgt. Es wird untersucht, wie die Freisetzung dieser fluorierten Netzmittel im Prozess selbst und in der Abwasserbehandlung gemindert werden können. Bestehende und in Entwicklung befindliche chemische und physikalische Alternativverfahren zur Oberflächenbehandlung, die ohne Chrom(VI) oder fluorierte Netzmittel auskommen, werden beschrieben und eventuelle Hindernisse für deren Nutzung werden dargestellt. Quelle: Forschungsbericht
Das Projekt "New large scale heat-pump with non-polluting refrigerant R134A" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von MAN Technologie AG durchgeführt. Objective: To demonstrate the viability of a large heat pump using an alternative type of refrigerant, which is not harmful for ozone layer. 6 cylinder gas engine drives a HP using a newly developped rugged screw type compressor and a new type of refrigerant developped by Hoechst, the R134A. The gas motor is of low polluting type and the refrigerant posseses no chlorine atom and thus does not cause breakdown of ozone layer nominal ratio heat output/gas input is 537/287 km, ie 1,87. 3 units are proposed for low temperature (46 degree of Celsius) heating of an existing office building, using outside air as heat source. 50 per cent of gas saving is forecast. Innovation: use of a new type of refrigerant in a large heat. General Information: 6 cylinder gas engine drives a HP using a newly developed rugged screw type compressor and a new type of refrigerant developed by Hoechst, the R134a. The gas motor is of low polluting type and the refrigerant posseses no chlorine atom and thus does not cause breakdown of ozone layer nominal ratio heat output/gas input is 537/287 km, ie 1,87. 3 units are proposed for low temperature (46 degree of Celsius) heating of an existing office building, using outside air as heat source. 50 per cent of gas saving is forecast. Innovation: use of a new type of refrigerant in a large heat.
Das Projekt "Maintaining of safety at work on the replacement of asbestos in braking devices in the steel industry" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Thyssen Stahl durchgeführt. Objective: To carry out full-scale tests on the TU Berlin test beds and comparative practical tests at Thyssen Stahl company. General Information: In the past fifteen years, laws have been enacted to prohibit the use of asbestos because this raw material presents a health hazard. This material used to be the principal component of friction linings as it has particularly good properties in respect of thermal loading and mechanical resistance. In recent years, sustained efforts have been made to find substitutes for asbestos. These efforts have now proved successful in the case of brakes for passenger vehicles. However, the operating conditions are different in the case of industrial brakes, making the task more complex. Crane brakes in particular differ from the brakes fitted on private cars because: - the thermal loading and - operating conditions are different. In the event of an excessive drop in the friction index because of failure of the brake lining, the load suspended from the lifting gear might drop, so presenting a risk of personal injury and material damage. This project centres on the search for suitable asbestos-free friction materials which are able to handle the loads encountered under the tough conditions of crane operation. Achievements: The research project led to the following conclusions which hold general validity: - Today, asbestos-free friction materials which are suitable for use in crane brakes under tough conditions already exist. - However, this conclusion does not apply to every friction material available on the market as the friction characteristics of the individual makes of brake lining vary widely. -It is therefore necessary to verify the suitability of the individual friction lining under the anticipated load conditions before it is used in crane lifting gear. - The test program used in this project provides a reliable basis for this purpose. - The operating measurements conduced on crane lifting gear under practical conditions have helped to make this program even more relevant to the load conditions encountered in practice. - Because of the different properties of the friction materials on the one hand the widely varying practical requirements on the other, no generally valid distinction can be made between 'favourable' and 'less favourable' friction materials. - The choice must be made in the light of the anticipated operating conditions. The results arrived at in this project enable an optimum asbestos-free friction material to be chosen for the cranes used under tough conditions in metallurgical works in such a way as to ensure dependable operation of the lifting gear. In other words, the aim of the research project has been achieved in full.
Das Projekt "Novel closed-loop technology for panel recycling" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Göttingen, Institut für Holzbiologie und Holztechnologie durchgeführt. General Information: In Europe, about 30 million m3 of particleboard and nearly 3.5 million m3 of medium density fibreboard (MDF) were produced in 1995, half of the world's production. The amounts of refused board are already significant and their handling causes problems in many European countries. It should be noted that burning old furniture, apart from wasting natural resources, is not environmentally desirable mainly due to the creation of dioxins, carbon dioxine, etc. Moreover, Germany has already enacted environmental legislation that forbids the dumping of materials containing more than 5 Prozent organic compounds by the year 2005 (TA - Siedlungsabfall). Similar legislation may be enacted in other European countries. This project addresses this already existing and progressively gaining more importance problem. According to the proposed recycling process, particleboard and medium density fibreboard will be pulped using conventional pulping techniques. The fibrous material generated will be used as a starting material for the production of medium density fibreboard and/or lower paper grades. The black liquor containing the degradation products of the resin will be used as an extender for conventional amino and phenolic resins. Preliminary experiments have proved this concept and a patent (DE-PS-4334422) was recently granted in Germany. The objective of the project is to develop a process for the production of medium density fibreboard and lower grade paper or paperboard with acceptable properties by using exclusively fibres produced by pulping waste panels. Furthermore, the black liquor generated by the pulping process will be used to substitute up to a level of 30 Prozent synthetic resins such as amino and phenolic resins used in the production of wood-based panels. Another objective is further recycling of the panels produced by this process. On successful completion of the project a novel closed-loop technology for the recycling of old furniture and other wood-based panels will be available to address the sizeable demand for recycling expected due to forthcoming legislation. The technique of this projects is unique as it involves the recycling of both the lignocellulosic part of particleboards and fibreboards and of the binder resin as well, using an environmentally friendly process. The partners form a powerful consortium of a university with innovative science needing implementation, an SME skilled in introducing new technology into the board industry, an industrially friendly funded research institute with specialised expertise in wood research and three industrial companies; an adhesives manufacturer, a producer of wood panels and paperboard. With this industrial involvement and the commitment to finding a solution to a problem critical for our environment, there is a very good prospect of the new technology being exploited in the medium term. Prime Contractor: Adhesives Research Institute Ltd., Kalamaria; Greece.
Das Projekt "Decontamination with pasty pickling agents forming strippable foil" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Chemische Fabrik Max Morant durchgeführt. Objective: the main objective of this research is the development of a decontamination procedure by applying into the contaminated surface (in a one-step or multi-step process) pasty, chemically aggressive agents causing dilution and absorption of the contaminant and then hardening to form a strippable foil. The use of such a foil will result in following advantages, with respect to usual techniques: - sensibly shorter operating duration resulting in lower personnel doses; - reduction of the arising secondary waste volume because there is no need for washing; the volume of the spent strippable foil is much smaller than currently used water volumes; - optimal conditioning of the radioactive waste due to its fixation in a solid (foil).; - an accidental contamination in a controlled area can easily be fixed and covered avoiding its propagation. General information: b1. Development and optimisation of a high-quality strippable foil, ready for industrial application, taking into consideration various physical and chemical properties, such as ability to decontamination, strong adhesion, appropriate viscosity, leak-tightness, tensile strength. B2. Development of the most appropriate operation procedures, including different deposition methods and an optimisation of the layer thickness. B3. Commissioning testing under realistic conditions, including various types of surfaces and tests with radioactive conditions in hot cells. B4. Development of a technology for industrial application, including the preparation of a users' manual, taking account of gained practical experience. Achievements: An in situ decontamination procedure which involves applying (in a 1-step or multistep process) a corrosive chemical paste to the contaminated surface has been developed. These chemical agents dilute and adsorb the contaminant and then harden to form a removeable foil. The use of this kind of foil has the following advantages: a significantly shorter operation duration resulting in lower personnel doses; a reduction in the secondary waste volume produced because there is no need for washing (the volume of the spent removeable foil is much smaller than currently used water volumes); the radioactive waste is in its optimal form because it is attached to a solid (foil); accidental contamination in a controlled area can easily be treated and covered to prevent it spreading.
Das Projekt "Untersuchungen zur Verminderung der Abgabe von Kupfer und Zink aus der Hausinstallation an das Trink- und Abwasser" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Gesamthochschule Duisburg, Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wasserchemie und Wassertechnologie durchgeführt. Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass Phosphate im Trinkwasser bezueglich ihrer korrosionschemischen Wirkung durch oekologisch weniger bedenkliche Silikate geeigneten Typs ersetzt werden koennen, wird das Ziel verfolgt, durch Dosierung von Phosphaten und Silikaten in das Trinkwasser die Abgabe von Kupfer und Zink aus Hausinstallationen an das Trink- und Abwasser zu senken. Es besteht im Zusammenhang mit der Belastung des Trinkwassers und der in den Klaeranlagen anfallenden Klaerschlaemme durch die genannten Schwermetalle die Frage, mit welchen Konzentrationen an Phosphaten und an Silikaten im Trinkwasser die maximale Verminderung der Abgabe von Kupfer und Zink aus Hausinstallationen erreicht werden kann. Aenderungen im Mechanismus der Korrosionsvorgaenge in Trinkwasserrohren aus Kupfer- und verzinkten Stahlwerkstoffen sollen darueber hinaus vor dem Hintergrund moeglicher Rohrschadensfaelle in Hausinstallationen beschrieben und bewertet werden.