Das Projekt "Sub project: Recontructing East Asian monsoon climate history between 12.5 and 7 Ma: Linkages to tectonic events, cryosphere evolution and orbital forcing" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität zu Kiel, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Arbeitsgruppe Marine Mikropaläontologie durchgeführt. The Middle to Late Miocene climate transition towards modern boundary conditions is stillpoorly resolved, mainly due to the scarcity of continuous, well-dated climate archives. Wepropose to reconstruct East Asian climate variability and investigate monsoonal evolution inresponse to tectonic events, cryosphere evolution and orbital forcing over the Mioceneinterval 12.5 -7 Ma. Our primary targets are: 1) to develop a high-resolution, orbitally-tunedchronology in South China Sea ODP Site 1146, where an expanded, continuous carbonaterichsedimentary succession was recovered and 2) to provide a synthesis of climate andocean chemistry proxies (principally benthic and planktic delta 18O, delta 13C supplemented by Mg/Ca,carbonate dissolution indices and faunal census counts) that will focus on the temporalevolution of surface and bottom water masses. We will target phases of major climaticchange such as the Late Miocene ice growth events (Mi5-Mi7 of Miller et al., 1991) and theinferred change in monsoon intensity at ca. 8 Ma associated with Himalayan uplift. This workwill supply an essential chronological framework for the South China Sea, and provide ahigh-resolution multiproxy investigation of East Asian climate and monsoon variability.
Das Projekt "Zirkulation von Fluiden und Gas an Kalten und Heißen Quellen entlang der Sandwich Mikroplatte" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Bremen, Zentrum für marine Umweltwissenschaften durchgeführt. We request financial support to perform multidisciplinary studies on hydrothermal vents and cold seeps at the Sandwich plate during RV POLARSTERN cruise ANT XXIX/4 from 22 March to 16 April 2013 (Scotia l). During this field campaign we plan to obtain geophysical, geological, and video-seafloor observation data from potential venting location in order to explore those fluid and gas emission sites and to perform a first geological and geochemical sampling. Cold seeps and hot vents are very rare in Antarctica and locations associated to the Sandwich plate are of high interest. This is because of its tectonic and geographic position between the World Ocean and Antarctica, the relevance in biogeography of the chemosynthetic organisms, the unique geochemical and geological settings within the ocean-to-ocean collision zone and its frontier character in the polar deep sea. Hydrothermal activity is indicated for two Segments of East-Scotia Ridge (E2 and E9), however, tectonically-induced seepage is yet unknown in the Sandwich fore-arc area, as it is a common phenomenon in other subduction-related compression zones. A subsequent POLARSTERN cruise (Scotia II), which is not scheduled up to now, plans to perform more detailed AUV- and ROV-work at the seep and vent sites. The cruise Scotia II will strongly relay on the results of ANT XXIX/6. A post-doctoral scientific position is applied for in order to comprehensively analyse and Interpret the data obtained from seeps and vents during ANT XXIX/4.
Das Projekt "Hydrothermale Fluide am Mittelatlantischen Rücken (15 N und 4-11 S) als Medien für den Transport von Energie und Masse von der Kruste in die Hydro- und Biosphäre" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Sektion Geowissenschaften, Institut für Geowissenschaften durchgeführt. Die vorgeschlagenen Arbeiten befassen sich mit der Rolle von hydrothermalen Fluiden für den Transport von Material und Energie von der ozeanischen Kruste in die ozeanische Wassersäule, in die Biosphäre und in die mineralische Ebene. Es handelt sich um eine Fortsetzung der Arbeiten aus den ersten beiden Teilen des SPP-Projektes. Die Zeitreihenstudien werden sich dieses Mal stärker auf den südlichen MAR konzentrieren, da die bisherigen Daten die einzigartige Rolle der dort neu entdeckten jungen post-eruptiven Systeme dargelegt haben, in denen wir die höchsten bisher in Hydrothermalfluiden gemessenen Temperaturen gefunden haben. Der Vergleich des ultramafischen Logatchev-Feldes mit den basaltischen Systemen bei 5 S ermöglicht eine Abschätzung der entsprechenden Rolle der beiden Systemtypen für den jeweiligen Elementeintrag. Die Teilnahme an vier weiteren Forschungsfahrten wird die notwendigen Proben zur Charakterisierung der anorganischen und organischen Fluidgeochemie, verschiedener chemischer Spezies in den Fluiden und ihrer Rolle für Geo-Bio-Schnittstellen liefern. Weiterhin werden Sieden und Phasenseparation und die Charakterisierung der superheißen (464 Grad C) überkritschen Dampfphase in den 5 Grad S-Fluiden untersucht. Die geochemische Kartierung der Plumes wird um die numerische Modellierung von Wärme und Massentransport von den Vents in die ozeanische Wassersäule erweitert.
Das Projekt "The influence of climate and tectonics on uplift and denudation of the Terra Nova Bay Region (Transantarktisches Gebirge)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 5 Geowissenschaften durchgeführt. The Terra Nova Bay region forms a segment of the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) in the western Ross Sea that is characterized by extreme landscape contrasts. There, a high Alpine coastal morphology developed in immediate vicinity to high-elevated inland plateaus and deep, structurally defined glacial troughs. Structural geology, geomorphological observation and sampling of basement and cover rocks in this region during the expedition BGR GANOVEX X (2009/10) will provide the ground truth for the subsequent application of thermochronological techniques (fission track and (UTh- Sm)/He analyses). Based on these data and thermal history modelling, the regional uplift and denudation history of the Terra Nova Bay region will be constrained with the four main topics: (1) the evolution of a Cretaceous 'Victoria Basin' on the continental crust of SE Australia and the western Ross Sea, (2) the diachronous rifting processes across the two escarpments of Pacific passive margin and West Antarctic rift shoulder/ TAM, (3) timing and amount of the final denudation of the TAM since the Eocene/ Oligocene, and (4) quantification and explanation of development of landscape contrasts within the Terra Nova Bay region resulting from the interplay between climate, tectonics and lithology. This aspect also comprises implications for the long-term climate evolution on the margin of the East Antarctic Craton.
Das Projekt "Die Erde im Archaikum - Kopplung zwischen Geodynamik und 3D Klimamodellierung" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft durchgeführt. Das Archaikum (3.8 - 2.5 Ga) ist ein geologisches Zeitalter, das große Umwälzungen in der Entwicklung der habitablen Erde mit sich brachte. Die Atmosphäre veränderte sich drastisch: Um das Paradoxon der schwachen jungen Sonne am Beginn des Archaikums zu erklären, braucht es große Mengen an Treibhausgas. Am Ende enthielt die Atmosphäre etwa das heutige Niveau an Treibhausgas und begann freien Sauerstoff anzusammeln. Desweiteren änderte sich die Geologie drastisch: Plattentektonik setzte warscheinlich während des Archaikums ein und beinflußte Atmosphärenzusammensetzung durch einen frühen Kohlenstoff-Zyklus. Die erste kontinentale Kruste, die bis heute überdauert hat, entstand und wuchs während des Archaikums. Die freigelegte Kontinentalkruste beeinflusste Atmosphärenzusammensetzung z.B. indem es eine Senke für Kohlendioxid und Sauerstoff durch Verwitterungsprozesse darstellte. Wir werden in diesem Projekt erstmals ein 3D/1D Klima- und ein 2D Mantelkonvektions-Modell nach dem neusten Stand der Technik koppeln, um Eigenschaften der Atmosphäre (Ausmaß und Zusammensetzung), Oberflächentemperaturen und verschiedene Einsetz-Zeiten für Plattentektonik während des Archaikums zu untersuchen. Wir werden das Paradoxon der jungen schwachen Sonne und die gekoppelte Entwicklung der archaischen Atmosphäre und Geodynamik vom frühen bis späten Archaikum untersuchen und dabei neuen Kontext für die Interpretation geologischer und geochemischer Daten liefern. Das Modell wird rigorose und physikalisch motivierte Randbedingungen beinhalten, die aus geologischen und geochemischen Belegen für Ausgasungs-Raten, Ozeantemperaturen, archaische Atmosphärenzusammensetzung, Beginn der Plattentektonik und Kontinentalwachstum während des Archaikums durch Kollaboration im Projekt 'Building a Habitable Earth' gewonnen wurden.
Das Projekt "Physical properties, climate signals, and structural features of Tertiary sediments in the Southern McMurdo Sound (Antarctica) derived from downhole logging in the ANDRILL-SMS project" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Leibniz-Institut für Angewandte Geophysik durchgeführt. In the framework of the international ANtarctic DRILLing program (ANDRILL) the 1138 m deep core borehole SMS was drilled in the Southern McMurdo Sound (Ross Sea). The investigations of Antarctic Neogene ice sheet variations, of long-term climate evolutions and of the tectonic history of McMurdo Sound represent the main project aims. One part of the German participation in the ANDRILL project is the extensive geophysical logging of the SMS borehole. It delivers a main basis for answering a lot of questions in the scope of the whole project consisting of about 100 scientists. Interpreting the downhole logging data permits among other things to establish a complete lithological log, to characterize the drilled sediments petrophysically, to determine sedimentary structures and to get evidence about palaeoclimatic conditions during up to 19 Mio years. Seismic experiments in the borehole allow linking detailed geological information with shipborne seismic sections. This way, local results can be transformed into spatial information thus providing an important contribution to the understanding of the tectonic structure of the Ross Sea.
Das Projekt "Structural geology and tectonic significance of basin-fill sedimentary rocks, of ice-transported boulders therein and of volcanics recovered by ANDRILL cores in the McMurdo Sound region: Implications for the Cenozoic tectonic and clacial/climatic evo" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe durchgeführt. The ANtarctic DRILLing Program (ANDRILL) will drill a stratigraphic core from a platform located on Ross Island in the McMurdo Ice Shelf (MIS) sector of the Ross Ice Shelf. Drilling is scheduled for the 2006/07 season. Primary target is a 1.2 km thick succession of Plio-Pleistocene glacimarine, terrigenous, volcanic, and biogenic sediments that were deposited in a flexural moat depression formed by loading of the Ross Island volcanic complex. The drill site is located within the Victoria Land Basin of the West Antarctic Rift System. Its western termination is represented by the Transantarctic Mountains front, an asymmetric rift shoulder that is segmented by numerous transverse and oblique faults and has experienced several phases of uplift and denudation since the Cretaceous. The primary goal will be the analysis of natural fractures in the core and the reconstruction of kinematics and dynamics of rifting, the related faulting history, and palaeostress states in the western Ross Sea in Late Neogene-Recent times. Absolute age constraints are expected from dating tephra horizons within the sequence. Additionally, provenance studies of ice-transported basement boulder-to pebble-size clasts in the cores will be done in collaboration with petrology and geo- and thermochronology teams. These studies will provide a tool for correlation with rock types in the hinterland and will help to identify potential directions of ice flow in the past.
Das Projekt "Geodynamic evolution of Proterozoic supracrustal rocks from the northern Shackleton Range, East Antarctica" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Würzburg, Institut für Geographie, Arbeitsbereich Geodynamik und Geomaterialforschung durchgeführt. Preliminary work to this project (Schmädicke & Will, 2006) led to the recognition of high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphism (c. 710-810 degree Celsius, 20-23 kbar) of ultramafic rocks from the northern Shackleton Range. This finding is the first evidence of eclogite-facies metamorphism in the Shackleton Range and, to our knowledge, the first description of eclogite-facies ultramafic rocks in a generally perceived Pan-African orogen. The petrology of these ultramafic rocks is best explained by them marking a suture zone within the northern Shackleton Range, which possibly traces the convergence site between East- and West-Gondwana. To date, no evidence of truly juvenile Neoproterozoic crust has been found along this postulated suture zone. Thus the geodynamic processes that led to the amalgamation of the Gondwana supercontinent remain highly speculative. Available Sm-Nd isotope data from allegedly ophiolitic mafic rocks of the Shackleton Range (Talarico et al., 1999) are not conclusive, because they yield either unrealistic young or older Proterozoic to Archean model ages. To contribute to the fundamental question of supercontinent formation towards the end of the Precambrian, we intend to focus on isotopic and geochemical techniques on selected supracrustal and basement rocks, available from a previous expedition to the Shackleton Range. This work will follow, and will be based upon, currently on-going metamorphic studies on the PT evolution of these rocks. The overall goal is to better assess the tectonic evolution of the Shackleton Range, i.e. to distinguish between Meso- and Neoproterozoic crust-forming events and to constrain both the age of the source for the various mafic protoliths and the provenance of the supracrustal country rocks. To this effect, it is planned to carry out Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr and Pb whole rock isotope analyses, Hf zircon in-situ analyses, and geochronological studies by means of Sm-Nd garnet, U-Pb single zircon and/or monazite as well as stepwise Ar-Ar hornblende dating.
Das Projekt "Rock boulders as indicators of soil erosion (RAISE)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Zürich, Geographisches Institut durchgeführt. Landscape and soil changes are strongly coupled to chemical and physical (erosion) weathering and soil production. The erosion rate is preserved in the signal of cosmogenic nuclides (e.g., 10Be) in stream sediments or even directly in a soil profile. The genesis of clastic sediments and soils has been investigated to quantify processes occurring within source areas and catchments, including chemical and physical weathering, and textural and compositional modification of detritus during transition from bedrock to grus and thereafter to soil or a fluvial environment. Well-defined (or -controlled) settings are however needed to calculate mass balances for a given (tectonically active) catchment. Measurements of mid- to long-term erosion rates have recently become more widely available through cosmogenic nuclide techniques. Still, new approaches can be developed to improve our understanding of weathering processes and their rates. Ideal settings and a considerable dataset about mineral weathering are given for the Sila massif in southern Italy (and consequently in a Mediterranean environment). It represents a tectonically active area. The upland plateaus consist of old planation surfaces, bordered by steep slopes, and are characterised by granitic spheroidal boulders which form wide boulder fields. The combination of the major tectonic and relief features with typical upland Mediterranean climate conditions promoted the triggering of severe erosion, that led to the exhumation of the boulders. Data about soil erosion amounts and rates related to the soil formation period would complete the puzzle of the driving forces and enable a more detailed interpretation of landscape and soil evolution. These boulders seemed to 'grow' out of the surface with time. Consequently, by measuring the 10Be content at different levels along a rock boulder (from the soil surface to the top of boulders), the age(s) of exposure could be derived and subsequent total denudation rates will be obtained. This would be an elegant way to calculate erosion rates for different time-steps that cover almost the entire period of soil evolution. Such an approach would give insight into a) the overall denudation and erosion rates over the whole (potential) soil formation period and b) erosion and denudation rates during time segments and would allow for the distinction of different erosion phases during the Pleistocene and Holocene c) volumes of loose material that were removed from the uplands and entered the drainage river system in this time span. (...)
Das Projekt "The Swiss contribution to the Lake Van Drilling Project: 500000 years of environmental and climate change in Eastern Anatolia (Drilling Costs)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Eawag - Das Wasserforschungsinstitut des ETH-Bereichs durchgeführt. Two related SNF-projects are the Swiss contribution to the Lake Van Drilling Project being carried out by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP). This Lake Van Drilling project (PALEOVAN) the key to trigger the newly established SNF-supported Swiss membership in ICDP. One proposal covers the Swiss share of the drilling operations to recover several hundred meters of sediments. The other proposal addresses the scientific activities of the involved Swiss research groups. Lake Van (eastern Anatolia, Turkey), the fourth largest terminal lake on Earth, is surrounded by lively volcanoes within a tectonically active area. Lake Van's annually-laminated sediments are expected to be excellent paleoclimate and paleoenvironment archive because they contain a long and continuous continental sequence that covers several glacial-interglacial cycles (ca.500 kyr). Therefore, ICDP identified Lake Van is a key site to investigate climatic, environmental, volcanic and tectonic evolution during the last few hundred thousands years of the Near East in the cradle of human civilization. This Swiss initiative embedded in the overarching ICDP Drilling project on Lake Van consist of five complementary research modules: Module A: Sedimentology and stratigraphic framework and implications for lake level changes and paleoseismology. Module B: Geochemical analyses of solid phase (climate proxies) and fluid phase. Module C: Organic geochemistry, biomarkers, 14C dating of single compounds. Module D: 10Be as a tracer of solar and geomagnetic variability and erosion rate. 10Be as well as 14C and 36Cl provide a unique tool to reconstruct the history of solar variability and changes in the geomagnetic field intensity. The large laminated sediment body of Lake Van allows to study the evolution of long-lived radio nuclides at high temporal resolution on much longer time scales than those being assessable by ice-cores. Module E: Noble gases as proxy for vertical fluid transport in the sediment column and lake level fluctuation.
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