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Bottom water data of sediment incubation experiments under anoxic conditions

Enhanced mineral dissolution in the benthic environment is currently discussed as a potential technique for ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. This study explores how biogeochemical processes affect the dissolution of alkaline minerals in surface sediments during laboratory incubation experiments. These involved introducing dunite and calcite to organic-rich sediments from the Baltic Sea under controlled conditions in an anoxic to hypoxic environment. The sediment cores were incubated with Baltic Sea bottom water. Eight sediment cores were positioned vertically in a rack. Since the sediment surface was slightly oxidized by the bottom water (∼125 μmol l−1 upon recovery), the cores were left plugged on the top for 13 days to settle after recovery until the sediment surface was anoxic. To achieve chemical conditions that are expected in the natural system, 500l of retrieved sea water were degassed via bubbling with pure dinitrogen gas in batches of 100 l. Afterwards, between 50 and 60 l were transferred into an evacuated gas tight bag. After the transfer, pH and total alkalinity (TA) were measured to determine the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of the water. Afterwards the DIC was increased via adding pure CO2 until a CO2 partial pressure (pCO2 ) of ∼2,300–∼3,300 μatm was established mimicking conditions prevailing in Boknis Eck during summer. Stirring heads were installed on the cores. To prevent the development of oxic conditions, it was ensured that as little gas phase as possible was left in the cores. Elimination of pelagic autotrophs, heterotrophs, and suspended particles was achieved by flushing the cores with modified bottom water for 2 days with a flow rate of 1.5 mml min−1. Afterwards, a continuous throughflow of 700 μl min−1 from the reservoir of modified bottom water was applied, leading to a residence time of ∼2.1 days inside the cores. For the experimental incubations, six cores received additions of alkaline materials, three with calcite (Cal1 - Cal3) and three cores with dunite (Dun1 - Dun3), leading to three replicates per treatment. Two control cores remained untreated (C1, C2). The amount of added substrate was based on the rain rate of particulate organic carbon observed in Boknis Eck (0.5 mmol cm−2 a−). The incubation lasted for 25 days. The volume of water in each core was determined at the end of the experiment via measuring the height of the water column after removing the stirring heads. Bottom water samples were taken from the outflow of each core over a time period of several hours. Thus, samples represent the average outflow over the respective time period. Sampling intervals increased from daily during the first two weeks to every three to four days and weekly towards the end of the experiment. All samples were filtered through a 0.2 µm cellulose membrane filter and refrigerated in 25 ml ZinsserTM scintillation vials. Samples for TA were analyzed directly after sampling by titration of 1 ml of bottom water with 0.02N HCl. Titration was ended when a stable purple color appeared. During titration, the sample was degassed by continuous bubbling with nitrogen to remove any generated CO2 and H2S. The acid was standardized using an IAPSO seawater standard. Acidified sub-samples (30 μl suprapure HNO3- + 3 ml sample) were prepared for analyses of major and trace elements (Si, Na, K, Li, B, Mg, Ca, Sr, Mn, Ni and Fe) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES, Varian 720-ES).

Grundwassermessstelle DEGM_DENW_100120015: BS 1 KNETTERHDE

Stammdaten und Analysedaten zu den Grundwassermessstellen im EUA-Messnetz: Messtelle DEGM_DENW_100120015 (BS 1 KNETTERHDE)

Element concentrations from two benthic chambers and the ambient bottom water during an in-situ incubation experiment in July 2025

The dataset contains major and trace element concentrations measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) from water samples collected during a 16-day in-situ incubation experiment in the Baltic Sea (2025-07-12 to 2025-07-29). Samples were collected using an automated glass-syringe sampler deployed within two benthic chambers of a Biogeochemical Observatory (BIGO, Sommer et al., 2009) at 54° 34.432' N, 10° 10.776' E, at 22 m water depth. In one chamber, 29 g of fine calcite powder were added to the bottom water to assess the potential of enhanced benthic calcite weathering as an ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) strategy. Seven samples per chamber and from the ambient bottom water were analyzed to trace elemental changes associated with calcite dissolution.

Geringleiterblöcke Hamburg

Geringleiterblöcke auf der Hamburger Geest Die saale- und weichselkaltzeitlichen Eisvorstöße vor 300.000 bis 10.000 Jahren hinterließen neben Sand- und Schmelzwasserablagerungen eine ausgedehnte Moränenlandschaft, die auf der Hamburger Geest durch Geschiebelehme und Geschiebemergel (Tills) - das sind meist wasserstauende Geringleiter mit zum Teil über 30 Meter Mächtigkeit - charakterisiert werden kann. Die dargestellten Geringleiterblöcke sollen hierbei eine weitgehende Verdrängung von grundwasserleitenden Anteilen in den oberflächennahen Deckschichten darstellen. Durch die Sichtung der meisten Bohrungen mit einer Blockbildung bis zu einer Mindesttiefe oder – mächtigkeit von 10 Metern wird eine gute Geometrie dieser Blöcke abgebildet. Definition: Die oberflächennahen Deckschichten werden von wasserhemmenden Geringleitern bis mindestens zu einer Tiefe von circa 10 Metern (Unterkante unter Gelände) aufgebaut. Innerhalb dieser Deckschichten ist das Vorhandensein des ersten Hauptgrundwasserleiters unwahrscheinlich oder weitgehend ausgeschlossen. Lokal sind Überlagerungen von geringmächtigen Sandfolgen bis 5 Meter (gelb mit Schraffur) oder hydraulisch durchlässige geologische Fenster (Grundwasserleiter = gelb punktiert) möglich. Sand- oder Schuttauflagen bis zu einer Mächtigkeit von 2 Metern bleiben hierbei unberücksichtigt. Hinweis: für das oberflächennahe Grundwasser bedeutet dies, dass sich hier die Druckspiegel nicht ungehindert auf das Niveau in den Gleichenplänen im Geoportal ausdehnen können; siehe URL: https://www.hamburg.de/politik-und-verwaltung/behoerden/bukea/themen/wasser/grundwasser/gwgleichen-175968 In der Marsch erreichen Mächtigkeiten der wasserstauenden Deckschichten (Klei, Torf, Mudden) nur selten 10 m und wurden hier nicht berücksichtigt.

Übersichtskarte der oberflächennahen Rohstoffe (KOR500 MV)

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern verfügt über verschiedene Steine-und-Erden-Rohstoffe in oberflächennaher, abbauwürdiger Position. Dazu zählen vor allem die Lockergesteine Kiessand und Sand, tonige Rohstoffe, Kreidekalk, Kieselgur sowie Torf und Raseneisenerz. Ihre stratigraphische Stellung reicht vom Unteren Jura (Lias) bis zum Holozän. Die Nutzung des rolligen Materials reicht von Schütt- und Bettungsmaterial über Rohstoffe für Mörtel, Gasbeton, Kalksandstein bis zum Betonzuschlagstoff, dadurch dominieren die Massenrohstoffe Kiessand- und Sand.

INSPIRE Mineralische Bodenschätze (Übersichtskarte der oberflächennahen Rohstoffe - KOR500 MV) für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern verfügt über verschiedene Steine-und-Erden-Rohstoffe in oberflächennaher, abbauwürdiger Position. Dazu zählen vor allem die Lockergesteine Kiessand und Sand, tonige Rohstoffe, Kreidekalk, Kieselgur sowie Torf und Raseneisenerz. Ihre stratigraphische Stellung reicht vom Unteren Jura (Lias) bis zum Holozän. Die Nutzung des rolligen Materials reicht von Schütt- und Bettungsmaterial über Rohstoffe für Mörtel, Gasbeton, Kalksandstein bis zum Betonzuschlagstoff, dadurch dominieren die Massenrohstoffe Kiessand- und Sand.

Abbauflächen Torf (Rohstoffverbreitung)

Rohstoffverbreitung der oberflächennahen Rohstoffe der Landesfläche MV und des angrenzenden Ostseegrundes im Maßstab 1:50.000 Karte der oberflächennahen Rohstoffe Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Maßstab 1:50.000 - Grundkarte A (Rohstoffverbreitung)

Abbauflächen Torf(Sicherungswürdigkeit)

Sicherungswürdigkeit der oberflächennahen Rohstoffe der Landesfläche MV und des angrenzenden Ostseegrundes im Maßstab 1:50.000 Karte der oberflächennahen Rohstoffe Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Maßstab 1:50.000 - Grundkarte D (Sicherungswürdigkeit Rohstoff)

Oxygen consumption rate, organic carbon and grain size data for intertidal sediments and oxygen concentration of pore waters data of Spiekeroog Island North Beach, May 2022 to April 2023

The permeable sandy sediments of beach aquifers receive a high input of electron acceptors, such as oxygen (O2), as well as fresh organic matter through seawater infiltration, driving the biogeochemical turnover in the subterranean estuary. Here, we experimentally determined seasonal sedimentary O2 consumption rates of intertidal sediments along a transect in the seawater infiltration zone at Spiekeroog Island North Beach, Germany, and present the data together with measurements of organic carbon and grain sizes, oxygen concentration of pore waters and beach topography. The samples were taken down to 1 m depth during two-monthly sampling campaigns from May 2022 to April 2023. Preliminary investigations of O2 consumption rates took place in in March, June and August 2017. Sediment and porewater sampling procedures were carried out as described by Massmann et al. (2023). O2 consumption rates were determined in slurry incubations of the retrieved sediments using gas tight vials (Labco Exetainer® 12 ml) equipped with O2 sensor spots (Pyroscience, OXSP5). Incubations were carried out in the dark at in situ temperatures, and vials were mounted on a rotating wheel to mimic porewater advection. The sediment's total organic carbon content was determined in a CS analyser (Eltra CS 800). Additionally, the fine fraction of the sediment was washed out and the organic carbon content of the fine sediments was measured in a CHNSO analyser (Hekatech Euro EA). The grain size distribution of the sediments was detemined using dynamic image analysis (Sympatec QICPIC). The O2 concentration in the pore water along the transect was measured immediately after the sample was taken using a flow-through oxygen optode (Pyroscience, OXFTC). The data was collected to investigate the impact of seasonal inputs and filtration efficiency on the O2 consumption during seawater infiltration into the permeable sands of beach aquifers.

Organic parameters obtained from Röttingen core

The total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), and total sulfur (TS) were determined using a LECO CS-230 system (Laboratory Equipment Corporation). Samples were heated up to 2000 °C under an oxygen atmosphere and an infrared detector subsequently measured the amount of produced CO₂ and SO₂. TOC was measured the same way after removing inorganic carbonates using 10 % HCl solution at 80 °C. Rock-Eval Pyrolyses were performed on a Rock-Eval-6 analyser (Vinci Technologies) using up to 180 mg initial sample material and a standard program (Espitalié et al., 1977; Lafargue et al., 1998), starting isothermal with 300°C for 3 min, succeeded by a heating rate of 25°C/min up to 650°C. Standard deviations for hydrogen indices (HI) and Tmax values are ± 5 % and ± 2°C, respectively.

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