Here we provide the dataset for COSMOS-Europe: A European network of Cosmic-Ray Neutron Soil Moisture Sensors. The dataset contains soil moisture data from 65 cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNS) in Europe. The CRNS stations cover all major land use types and climate zones within Europe. Raw neutron count data from the CRNS stations were provided by 23 research institutions and processed using state-of-the-art methods. The harmonized processing included correction of the raw neutron counts and a harmonized methodology for conversion to soil moisture based on available in situ information. In addition, information on data uncertainty was added to the dataset, which is particularly useful for remote sensing and modeling applications. This harmonized European soil moisture dataset will help both the hydrological and climatic communities to study individual drought events, understand their causes, evaluate and improve their modeling, and estimate the extremity of current events.
Here we provide the dataset for COSMOS-Europe: A European network of Cosmic-Ray Neutron Soil Moisture Sensors. The dataset contains soil moisture data from 65 cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNS) in Europe. The CRNS stations cover all major land use types and climate zones within Europe. Raw neutron count data from the CRNS stations were provided by 23 research institutions and processed using state-of-the-art methods. The harmonized processing included correction of the raw neutron counts and a harmonized methodology for conversion to soil moisture based on available in situ information. In addition, information on data uncertainty was added to the dataset, which is particularly useful for remote sensing and modeling applications. This harmonized European soil moisture dataset will help both the hydrological and climatic communities to study individual drought events, understand their causes, evaluate and improve their modeling, and estimate the extremity of current events.
Here we provide the revised (rev1 from 20.03.2024) dataset for COSMOS-Europe: A European network of Cosmic-Ray Neutron Soil Moisture Sensors. The dataset contains soil moisture data from 65 cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNS) in Europe. The CRNS stations cover all major land use types and climate zones within Europe. Raw neutron count data from the CRNS stations were provided by 23 research institutions and processed using state-of-the-art methods. The harmonized processing included correction of the raw neutron counts and a harmonized methodology for conversion to soil moisture based on available in situ information. In addition, information on data uncertainty was added to the dataset, which is particularly useful for remote sensing and modeling applications. This harmonized European soil moisture dataset will help both the hydrological and climatic communities to study individual drought events, understand their causes, evaluate and improve their modeling, and estimate the extremity of current events.
The advance of the cosmic ray neutron (CRN) sensing method for estimating field scale soil moisture relied largely on simulations of the footprint properties of epithermal neutrons (~0.5 eV – 100 keV). Commercially available CRN probes are usually additionally equipped with a thermal neutron (< 0.5 eV) detector. The potential of these measurements is rarely explored because relevant features of thermal neutrons, such as the footprint and the sensitivity to soil moisture are unknown. Here, we used neutron transport modeling and a river crossing experiment to assess the thermal neutron footprint. We found that the horizontal thermal neutron footprint ranges between 43 and 48 m distance from the probe and that the vertical footprint extends to soil depths between 10 and 65 cm depending on soil moisture. Furthermore, we derived weighting functions that quantify the footprint characteristics of thermal neutrons. These results will enable new applications of thermal neutrons.
The advance of the cosmic ray neutron (CRN) sensing method for estimating field scale soil moisture relied largely on simulations of the footprint properties of epithermal neutrons (~0.5 eV – 100 keV). Commercially available CRN probes are usually additionally equipped with a thermal neutron (< 0.5 eV) detector. The potential of these measurements is rarely explored because relevant features of thermal neutrons, such as the footprint and the sensitivity to soil moisture are unknown. Here, we used neutron transport modeling and a river crossing experiment to assess the thermal neutron footprint. We found that the horizontal thermal neutron footprint ranges between 43 and 48 m distance from the probe and that the vertical footprint extends to soil depths between 10 and 65 cm depending on soil moisture. Furthermore, we derived weighting functions that quantify the footprint characteristics of thermal neutrons. These results will enable new applications of thermal neutrons.
The advance of the cosmic ray neutron (CRN) sensing method for estimating field scale soil moisture relied largely on simulations of the footprint properties of epithermal neutrons (~0.5 eV – 100 keV). Commercially available CRN probes are usually additionally equipped with a thermal neutron (< 0.5 eV) detector. The potential of these measurements is rarely explored because relevant features of thermal neutrons, such as the footprint and the sensitivity to soil moisture are unknown. Here, we used neutron transport modeling and a river crossing experiment to assess the thermal neutron footprint. We found that the horizontal thermal neutron footprint ranges between 43 and 48 m distance from the probe and that the vertical footprint extends to soil depths between 10 and 65 cm depending on soil moisture. Furthermore, we derived weighting functions that quantify the footprint characteristics of thermal neutrons. These results will enable new applications of thermal neutrons.
Soil moisture is measured continuously with the wireless sensor network SoilNet (Bogena et al., 2010). The sensor network in the Wuestebach test site was installed in 2008 and consists of 150 end device units. Soil moisture data are interpolated into a 5x5 m grid for each depth by Ordinary Kriging using the daily mean of the maximum value of the two sensors measurements at each depth. Obviously wrong data or data, which have been assigned as being incorrect are not used. Semivariograms are estimated for each time step and depth using a spherical model. Validity of the Kriging estimation is checked by cross validation. For each time step a reporting document is created and stored to allow for further analyses
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