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Ecosystem functions of rare arable plants - field study: Carabidae data

Partly taken from the materials and methods of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2022.12.003: To compare the activity densities of ground-dwelling predators between treatments with and without RAPs, carabids were sampled using pitfall traps, which were set up after each round of aphid counting (one per plot, twice per year; Brown & Matthews, 2016). The traps (with a volume of 400 ml and a width of 90 mm) were filled with a mixture of water and ethylene glycol (1:1; 120 ml) and dug at ground level into the middle of each plot. The traps were covered with a plastic roof and a metal grid (15 × 15 mm grid size) to avoid overflowing during rain and accidental rodent catches (Császár et al., 2018). The traps were activated for 7 days. Subsequently, all arthropods were transferred into 70% ethanol. Carabids were identified to species according to Hůrka (1996). Carabid feeding behavior was classified according to Homburg et al. (2014). To simplify the dataset, carabid feeding behavior was classified as predominantly granivorous (species mainly feed on seeds and fruits) or as carnivorous/omnivorous, because carnivorous and omnivorous species are potentially feeding on aphids and other non-plant material.

Ecosystem functions of rare arable plants - field study: Araneae data

Partly taken from the materials and methods of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2022.12.003: To compare the activity densities of ground-dwelling predators between treatments with and without RAPs, spiders were sampled using pitfall traps, which were set up after each round of aphid counting (one per plot, twice per year; Brown & Matthews, 2016). The traps (with a volume of 400 ml and a width of 90 mm) were filled with a mixture of water and ethylene glycol (1:1; 120 ml) and dug at ground level into the middle of each plot. The traps were covered with a plastic roof and a metal grid (15 × 15 mm grid size) to avoid overflowing during rain and accidental rodent catches (Császár et al., 2018). The traps were activated for 7 days. Subsequently, all arthropods were transferred into 70% ethanol. Spiders were identified to species according to Nentwig et al. (2019). Spider hunting strategy (active hunter or web-builder) was used as the feeding trait according to Cardoso et al. (2011).

Algenaufwuchs und Gewaesserguete in Fliessgewaessern

Der Algenaufwuchs in Fliessgewaessern wird mit qualitativen und semiquantitativen Methoden untersucht. Grundlage dafuer stellt eine genaue Aufsammlung im Feld verschiedener Substrate in schnellfliessenden Gewaessern aber insbesondere von steinigen Substraten dar. Grundlage fuer alle weiteren oekologischen Untersuchungen stellt dabei die genaue Bestimmung dar, die fuer die meisten Algengruppen (Blaualgen, Gruenalgen, Chrysophyceen) moeglichst in lebendem Zustand erfolgt. Kieselalgen werden aus gereinigten Dauerpraeparaten bearbeitet. Hinsichtlich Gewaesserguetebeurteilung von Bild der Aufwuchsalgen wird eine gesamtbiozoenotische Betrachtungsweise (und insbesondere der Veraenderungen der Biozoenosen) der bisher meist ueblichen Indikator-Arten-Methode vorgezogen. Gleichzeitig werden physikalische und chemische Parameter duch die Abteilung fuer Limnologie am Institut fuer Zoologie der Universitaet Innsbruck erfasst.

Ecosystem functions of rare arable plants - field experiment: Carabidae data

Partly taken from the materials and methods of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2022.12.003: To compare the activity densities of ground-dwelling predators between treatments with and without RAPs, carabids were sampled using pitfall traps, which were set up after each round of aphid counting (one per plot, twice per year; Brown & Matthews, 2016). The traps (with a volume of 400 ml and a width of 90 mm) were filled with a mixture of water and ethylene glycol (1:1; 120 ml) and dug at ground level into the middle of each plot. The traps were covered with a plastic roof and a metal grid (15 × 15 mm grid size) to avoid overflowing during rain and accidental rodent catches (Császár et al., 2018). The traps were activated for 7 days. Subsequently, all arthropods were transferred into 70% ethanol. Carabids were identified to species according to Hůrka (1996). Carabid feeding behavior was classified according to Homburg et al. (2014). To simplify the dataset, carabid feeding behavior was classified as predominantly granivorous (species mainly feed on seeds and fruits) or as carnivorous/omnivorous, because carnivorous and omnivorous species are potentially feeding on aphids and other non-plant material.

Ecosystem functions of rare arable plants - field experiment: Aphidoidea data

Taken from materials and methods of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2022.12.003: Aphids were counted on 50 randomly selected shoots in two crop rows (100 shoots in total) per plot and sampling round. To reduce edge effects, rows with less than 20 cm to the edge were excluded. Counting took place twice a year, that is, once during crop flowering (BBCH 61; beginning of aphid population growth) and once during crop milk ripening stage (BBCH 75).

Naturschutzbiologie von Birkhühnern vor dem Hintergrund anthropogener Einflüsse auf alpine Ökosysteme

Ziel der Arbeit ist die Abschätzung demografischer Parameter von Birkhuhnpopulationen in den italienischen Zentralalpen, um zu einem besseren Verständnis ihrer Dynamik zu gelangen und Management- sowie Schutzstrategien formulieren zu können.

Senckenberg (meta)data portal

This catalog contains data and metadata entries generated by associates of the Senckenberg Nature Research Society.

Ecosystem functions of rare arable plants - field experiment: Araneae data

Partly taken from the materials and methods of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2022.12.003: To compare the activity densities of ground-dwelling predators between treatments with and without RAPs, spiders were sampled using pitfall traps, which were set up after each round of aphid counting (one per plot, twice per year; Brown & Matthews, 2016). The traps (with a volume of 400 ml and a width of 90 mm) were filled with a mixture of water and ethylene glycol (1:1; 120 ml) and dug at ground level into the middle of each plot. The traps were covered with a plastic roof and a metal grid (15 × 15 mm grid size) to avoid overflowing during rain and accidental rodent catches (Császár et al., 2018). The traps were activated for 7 days. Subsequently, all arthropods were transferred into 70% ethanol. Spiders were identified to species according to Nentwig et al. (2019). Spider hunting strategy (active hunter or web-builder) was used as the feeding trait according to Cardoso et al. (2011).

Ecosystem functions of rare arable plants - field study: Aphidoidea data

Taken from materials and methods of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2022.12.003: Aphids were counted on 50 randomly selected shoots in two crop rows (100 shoots in total) per plot and sampling round. To reduce edge effects, rows with less than 20 cm to the edge were excluded. Counting took place twice a year, that is, once during crop flowering (BBCH 61; beginning of aphid population growth) and once during crop milk ripening stage (BBCH 75).

GIS-gestütze Ermittlung der Veränderung des Lebensraumes gefährdeter Wildtierarten

Die Wildtierarten Birkhuhn, Schneehuhn sowie Gams- und Steinwild haben sich im Laufe ihrer Evolution perfekt an das Leben in alpinen Lagen, hauptsächlich über der Waldgrenze, angepasst und sind somit Teil dieses sehr empfindlichen Ökosystems. Unter Annahme des Ansteigens der Waldgrenze aufgrund Klimaerwärmung verringert sich der Lebensraum dieser Wildtierarten massiv. Als Grundlage für die Ermittlung der Veränderungen wurde die Temperaturentwicklung der vergangenen 50 Jahre genauer betrachtet sowie das Klimamodell MM5 für eine Abschätzung der zukünftigen Erwärmung herangezogen. Die Temperaturentwicklung in den vergangenen 50 Jahren zeigt für die ersten zwei Dekaden sogar eine Abkühlung, seit 1970 aber einen starken Anstieg. Das Klimamodell prognostiziert für die nächsten 50 Jahre eine Erwärmung von ca. 2,2 C für das Untersuchungsgebiet in den Niederen Tauern. Das Baumwachstum ist sehr stark von der Temperatur abhängig und eine hohe Korrelation zwischen der Wachstumsgrenze von Bäumen und der 10 C Juli-Isotherme wurde nachgewiesen. Das Klimamodell MM5 zeigt für die nächsten 50 Jahre einen prognostizierten Anstieg der Isothermen um ca. 450 Höhenmeter. Prognostizierte Temperaturveränderungen hängen jedoch sehr stark vom verwendeten Klimamodell ab. Über die Geschwindigkeit, mit der sich die Waldgrenze zur temperaturbedingten Wachstumsgrenze hin bewegt, kann keine Aussage getroffen werden und wäre Gegenstand zukünftiger Forschungsarbeiten. Weiters übt die Bewirtschaftung durch den Menschen einen sehr großen Einfluss auf den Verlauf der Waldgrenze aus. Daher ist noch nicht absehbar, wie diese sich verändern wird. Die aktuellen Lebensräume wurden nach einem wissensbasierten Habitatmodell mit Hilfe eines Geografischen Informationssystems (GIS) erstellt. Unter der Annahme, dass die zukünftige Waldgrenze die Höhe der berechneten Isotherme für die Dekade 2040-2050 erreicht, führt diese Verschiebung zu einem dramatischen Verlust an Lebensraum.

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