Das Projekt "Maßgeschneiderte Inhaltsstoffe 2: Hydratase Plattform zur Herstellung industrierelevanter Alkohole, Teilprojekt A" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Biochemie und Technische Biochemie (IBTB), Abteilung Technische Biochemie.
Was haben sich eine Birke, eine Kiefer und eine Eiche im Grunewald zu erzählen? Lauschen Sie den verschiedenen Baumgenerationen und erfahren Sie mehr über die natürlichen Abläufe des Entstehens und Vergehens im Ökosystem Wald. Hinweis: Um die Soundsäule vor dem nass-kalten Wetter zu schützen, schicken wir sie jedes Jahr in den Winterschlaf. Damit Sie trotzdem in den Genuss der Baumgespräche kommen, haben wir hier und auf der Insel 7 die drei Dateien zum kostenlosen Download bereitgestellt. Diese Hörstücke, eingesprochen von Benno Fürmann und Eva Mattes, schildern in bildhaften Worten drei Stellen entlang des Ausstellungsrundgangs. Sie vermitteln das Sichtbare und das Unsichtbare: Außer dem Anblick beschreiben sie auch die Tiergeräusche, die hier bisweilen zu hören sind, die mikrobiologische Vielfalt oder die Veränderungen des jeweiligen Ortes im Laufe der Zeit.
Das Projekt "Einfluss von chronischem Verkehrslärm auf Vögel: vokales Lernen, Gesundheit und Fitness" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie.
Das Projekt "Multi-proxy tree-ring analysis of conifer trees disturbed by insect outbreaks" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: University of British Columbia, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Resources Management Vancouver.Insect outbreaks are a major disturbance influencing forest dynamics in many ecosystems and can affect forest productivity worldwide. Reconstruction of insect outbreak history is fundamental to forest management. While the action of cambium feeders on trees leads to the formation of scars, that of defoliators is observable via growth suppression in tree rings. The occurrence of past insect attacks can thus be inferred from such tree-ring signatures. However, it necessitates an accurate dating of events, with high temporal resolution, as well as their correct attribution to the right disturbance agent. Fire also leaves scars on trees that can occur on cross-sectional disks where insect scars are already present, thus making them difficult to distinguish. Furthermore, insect-elicited reductions in radial growth may not be clearly visible on samples, and the radial growth response to defoliation often bears a lag of one or more years. This project tackles these issues directly by proposing a multi-proxy approach aiming at improving tree-ring reconstructions of insect outbreaks. Tree rings will be investigated to study radial variations of tree-ring width, wood anatomy, wood density, and wood chemistry. While dendrochronologists have long relied on tree-ring width variations to track the signal induced by climate, geomorphic and ecological processes, they have scarcely exploited the potential of other proxies and rarely used them in combination. The most advanced studies that have embraced these possibilities are owed to dendroclimatologists. The core of this research therefore lies in the use of multiple wood traits to provide answers to the above mentioned dendroecological questions. Two conifer tree species from British Columbia and their respective pests are within the scope of this study: the mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins), a cambium feeder, on lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas), and the western spruce budworm (WSBW, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman), a defoliator, on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco). It is hypothesized that insect outbreak disturbance in the form of bark beetle or defoliation events results in abrupt significant structural differences between the wood formed prior to and after the insect attack. Based on pioneering tree-ring research on insect outbreaks, there are great prospects that the variations of wood traits be proven useful for differentiating MPB scars from fire scars and for identifying WSBW defoliation events, possibly with higher temporal resolution. The study of multiple wood traits (proxies) will help gain an understanding of the influence of insect outbreak disturbance on wood formation and tree physiological processes, a prerequisite for improving the detection and dating of events in tree-ring series. (...)
Das Projekt "Herpetologie: Systematik, Zoogeographie, Bioakustik und Ökologie der Froschlurche Uruguays" wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Abteilung Zoologie.
Das Projekt "Developing biometric sampling systems and optimal harvesting methods for medicinal tree bark in southern Africa" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Department for International Development. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Göttingen, Burckhardt-Institut, Abteilung Waldinventur und Fernerkundung.Tree bark from more than 700 species is used in southern African traditional medicine. Among the priority species are for example Prunus africana, a prostate disorder remedy, or Ocotea bullata and Warburgia salutaris, which have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties respectively. Traditionally, bark harvesting for medicinal use is a sustainable practice. Traditional healers and their harvesters collect enough for their needs and not more. But as the population grows and becomes urbanized, forests diminish and trade in bark for medicinal purposes is commercialized. Unsustainable extraction methods, involving excessive debarking that may ultimately kill the tree, become common and threaten the species. For some species the bark is also internationally traded and export demand increases pressure on the preferred species. The harvest of Prunus africana for example is estimated at 3,500 tons a year to fuel a USDollar220 million market in Europe and North America. Consequently, certain popularly traded species such as Warburgia salutaris and Prunus africana are experiencing serious decline and regarded as rare in many areas. A possibility to prevent the overexploita-tion of these species will be the implementation of sustainable resource management. Objectives: Resource management requires quantitative data of resource availability and growth rates. Therefore, the project will develop suitable methods for quantifying bark quantities, growth rates and optimal harvesting strategies for selected tree species in afromontane forest and miombo woodland. The project component we are dealing with, is the development of optimal sampling methods for determining the stocking of a particular species as well as the development of a bark growth and yield model to evaluate the sustained bark production and yield from different management systems.
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