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Tree Species - Sentinel-1/2 - Germany, 2022

The Tree Species Germany product provides a map of dominant tree species across Germany for the year 2022 at a spatial resolution of 10 meters. The map depicts the distribution of ten tree species groups derived from multi-temporal optical Sentinel-2 data, radar data from Sentinel-1, and a digital elevation model. The input features explicitly incorporate phenological information to capture seasonal vegetation dynamics relevant for species discrimination. A total of over 80,000 training and test samples were compiled from publicly accessible sources, including urban tree inventories, Google Earth Pro, Google Street View, and field observations. The final classification was generated using an XGBoost machine learning algorithm. The Tree Species Germany product achieves an overall F1-score of 0.89. For the dominant species pine, spruce, beech, and oak, class-wise F1-scores range from 0.76 to 0.98, while F1-scores for other widespread species such as birch, alder, larch, Douglas fir, and fir range from 0.88 to 0.96. The product provides a consistent, high-resolution, and up-to-date representation of tree species distribution across Germany. Its transferable, cost-efficient, and repeatable methodology enables reliable large-scale forest monitoring and offers a valuable basis for assessing spatial patterns and temporal changes in forest composition in the context of ongoing climatic and environmental dynamics.

Tree Species - Sentinel-2 - Germany, 2016

The Tree Species Germany product provides a map of dominant tree species across Germany for the year 2016 at a spatial resolution of 10 meters. The map depicts the distribution of ten tree species groups derived from multi-temporal optical Sentinel-2 data. The input features explicitly incorporate phenological information to capture seasonal vegetation dynamics relevant for species discrimination. A total of over 100,000 training and test samples were compiled from publicly accessible sources, including urban tree inventories, Google Earth Pro, Google Street View, and field observations. The final product was created by majority-voting on annual XGBoost Sentinel-2 tree species classifications (2016–2024) and filtering with forest structure data. If no clear majority vote was achieved, the class uncertain was assigned. The Tree Species Germany 2016 product achieves an overall F1-score of 0.95. For the dominant species pine, spruce, beech, and oak, class-wise F1-scores range from 0.92 to 0.99, while F1-scores for other widespread species such as birch, alder, larch, Douglas fir, fir, and other deciduous species range from 0.85 to 0.96. The product provides a consistent, high-resolution, and up-to-date representation of tree species distribution across Germany. Its transferable, cost-efficient, and repeatable methodology enables reliable large-scale forest monitoring and offers a valuable basis for assessing spatial patterns and temporal changes in forest composition in the context of ongoing climatic and environmental dynamics.

IceLines - Sentinel-1 - Antarctica

IceLines (Ice Shelf and Glacier Front Time Series) is an automated calving front monitoring service providing monthly ice shelf front time series of major Antarctic ice shelves. The provided time series allows to discover the dynamics of ice shelf front changes and calving events. The front positions are automatically derived from Sentinel-1 data based on a deep neuronal network called HED-U-Net. The time series covers the timespan 2014 to today (partly limited due to Sentinel-1 data availability). Incorrectly extracted fronts are truncated which might lead to gaps in the time series especially between December to March due to strong surface melt. Annual averages are calculated based on the extracted monthly fronts (excluding the summer months) and provide more robust results due to temporal aggregation

Physical oceanography during ALKOR cruise AL573

Conductivity-temperature-depth profiles were measured using a CTD during RV ALKOR cruise AL573. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature, conductivity and oxygen. All sensors are calibrated irregularly. Data were connected to the station book of the specific cruise as available in the DSHIP database.

Physical oceanography during ALKOR cruise AL571

Conductivity-temperature-depth profiles were measured using a Seabird SBE 911plus CTD during RV ALKOR cruise AL571. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus), conductivity (SBE4) and oxygen (SBE43). Temperature, conductivity and oxygen sensors are calibrated by the manufacturer once a year before being mounted in January. They are used throughout the year and no post-cruise or in-situ calibration is applied. All other sensors are calibrated irregularly. Data were connected to the station book of the specific cruise as available in the DSHIP database.

Timeseries of physical oceanography in the Baltic Sea from 2011-2022

Conductivity-temperature-depth profiles were measured using a CTD during RV ALKOR cruises. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature, conductivity and oxygen. All sensors are calibrated irregularly. Data were connected to the station book of the specific cruise as available in the DSHIP database.

Physical oceanography during ALKOR cruise AL556

Conductivity-temperature-depth profiles were measured using a CTD during RV ALKOR cruise AL556. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature, conductivity and oxygen. All sensors are calibrated irregularly. Data were connected to the station book of the specific cruise as available in the DSHIP database.

Physical oceanography during ALKOR cruise AL553

Conductivity-temperature-depth profiles were measured using a CTD during RV ALKOR cruise AL553. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature, conductivity and oxygen. All sensors are calibrated irregularly. Data were connected to the station book of the specific cruise as available in the DSHIP database.

Physical oceanography during ALKOR cruise AL544

Conductivity-temperature-depth profiles were measured using a CTD during RV ALKOR cruise AL544. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature, conductivity and oxygen. All sensors are calibrated irregularly. Data were connected to the station book of the specific cruise as available in the DSHIP database.

Long-term and high-temporal-resolution δ¹³C-CO₂ in a salt mine

An isotope ratio mid-infrared laser spectrometer (Delta Ray, Thermo Scientific, Bremen, Germany) for measurement of CO2 concentrations and its stable isotope ratios of 13C/12C as well as 18O/16O was placed in a salt mine at a depth of approximately 600 m below ground. A location, where diffusive contributions of mantle CO2 were suspected and historically evident, was chosen for long-term measurements over several weeks from September, 24 to October, 26 of 2019.

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